Reinhold Wulle

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Reinhold Wulle
Reinhold Wulle (1925)

Reinhold Wulle (born August 1, 1882 in Falkenberg , Pomerania; † July 16, 1950 in Gronau ) was a German nationalist publicist and politician in the Weimar Republic . He also used the pseudonym R. Benade.

Life

Reinhold Carl Benjamin was born on August 1, 1882 in Falkenberg, Naugard district, as the son of the local pastor Gustav Wulle and his wife Emma Louise Wilhelmine. Meinecke was born. Wulle attended the Latina of the Francke Foundations in Halle (Saale) and then the Francisceum in Zerbst, where he passed the Abitur in 1902. After studying theology , history and German in Halle , Jena and Berlin , Wulle worked from 1908 to 1918 for various newspapers in Dresden , Chemnitz and Essen .

From 1918 he was editor-in-chief of the German newspaper of the Pan-German Association . In December 1920 he was dismissed after arguments with the chairman of the Pan-Germans, Heinrich Claß . He had criticized that Wulle, after taking up his Reichstag mandate for the DNVP, was no longer fulfilling his duties as editor-in-chief. The two agreed on a peaceful parting, but Wulle decided to attack Claß publicly in the last edition of the Deutsche Zeitung for which he was responsible . However, this article was only the beginning of a large-scale campaign by Wulle and see Albrecht von Graefe against the Deutsche Zeitung, the Pan-German Association and Claß himself. Attempts by Class to smooth things over failed, Graefe described the Pan-German Association and the Deutsche Zeitung as "his mortal enemies" because of the "unforgivable" dismissal of Wulle. With this conflict, which was quickly escalated by Wulle, the dissolution of unity in the völkisch movement began, since both Wulle and Claß were popular figures of the völkisch movement and many actors saw themselves torn between the two.

At the same time, Wulle retained control of the German Herald - the federation of champions for German-national newspapers and national politics , which had previously acted as the readers' association of the German newspaper . In 1921 he expanded the Deutsche Herold into a publishing house. In the spring of 1920, Wulle, together with Arnold Ruge and Richard Kunze, founded the "Deutschvölkischer Arbeitsring Berlin", a company that competed with the Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund , but showed little activity for it after he worked for the German National People's Party (DNVP) in June 1920 Reichstag had moved in. Within the DNVP, Wulle belonged to the ethnic anti-Semitic wing.

After Wilhelm Henning was expelled from the DNVP parliamentary group, Wulle formed a national working group together with Henning and Albrecht von Graefe . This finally gave rise to the radically anti-Semitic German Volkische Freiheitspartei (DVFP), founded on December 16, 1922 , of which Wulle was deputy chairman. After the DVFP was banned in Prussia in March 1923, Wulle, who was not arrested, represented the party that was still active. Das Deutsche Tageblatt was published by his publisher Deutscher Herold as the main organ of the DVFP. As an association, the German Herald initially acted as one of the substitute organizations of the banned DVFP. In November 1923 the German Herald was also temporarily banned.

In the course of the investigation into the Fememorden in the Black Reichswehr , Wulle was also questioned. The Black Reichswehr were illegal paramilitary formations which, in breach of the Versailles Peace Treaty, were funded by the German Reichswehr and in some cases maintained themselves. A person accused of fememicide had declared that he had committed one of the fememides at the request or on behalf of Wulles in order to keep the DVFP's preparations for a coup secret. Wulle contradicted this information and in the mid-1920s declared before an investigative committee of the Prussian state parliament that party members had been banned from joining the Black Reichswehr. Wulle's private secretary, Goetz Otto Stoffregen , was a leading member of the Black Reichswehr ; another member of the Black Reichswehr testified to having joined through Wulles mediation.

For the Reichstag election in May 1924 , the DVFP joined the NSDAP in the National Socialist Freedom Party (NSFP). Wulle received a mandate in the Reichstag and became a member of the NSFP parliamentary committee. In the new election in December 1924 , he left the Reichstag. From 1924 to 1928 Wulle was a member of the NSFP in the Prussian state parliament .

From 1925 onwards, considerable differences developed between the DVFP and the NSDAP. In his information letters, Wulle accused the NSDAP of relying on one class of the population and thus of being exposed to the danger of "becoming a class struggle movement". According to Wulle, the NSDAP is experiencing "a constantly expanding disintegration by radical elements". In 1928 Wulle became chairman of the DVFP, which by that time had lost numerous members to the NSDAP. In the final phase of the Weimar Republic, Wulle developed into an authoritarian, conservative opponent of the Harzburg Front . Together with Joachim von Ostau , he wanted to persuade both Adolf Hitler and Paul von Hindenburg to forego running in favor of Crown Prince Wilhelm of Prussia in the 1932 presidential election .

After Hitler was appointed Chancellor, Wulle gathered his supporters in the monarchist Society of German Freedom, founded in 1933 . He also continued to work as a writer and edited Reinhold Wulle's information letter . He welcomed the “ seizure of power ” by the National Socialists as a “national revolution” and called for further development towards a monarchy. According to Wulle, the "Prussian state idea [...] must become the bearer of the coming Reich." On August 17, 1938, Wulle was arrested on charges of violating the treachery law and the law against the formation of new political parties . After the prohibition of the Society of German Freedom and the information letters , he was expelled from the Reich Chamber of Literature on October 6, 1938 . After imprisonment in Berlin prisons, Wulle was taken into “ protective custody ” in 1940 and held in Sachsenhausen concentration camp . According to reports from fellow inmates, Wulle enjoyed a number of advantages in Sachsenhausen: He could grow his hair and were given cigars sent to him by Crown Prince Wilhelm. With some of his fellow prisoners, Wulle was suspected of having given the Gestapo information about the communist resistance in Sachsenhausen when he was released in 1942 . As a result, leading communists were transferred to other concentration camps.

After the end of the war, Wulle and Joachim von Ostau founded the German rebuilding party in Gronau on October 31, 1945 . The party followed up on German national positions, reflected on a Prussian-conservative Christianity and stood up for the monarchy. For Wulle, the "demon of National Socialism" presented itself as a "foreign conqueror of Germany and the German soul":

“We had a state that sovereignly defied the unchangeable moral laws and showed its own people and the whole world that one no longer needs to respect life; that the state-ordered murder of dissenters and members of other peoples is a national merit; [...] that creation has committed errors that must be corrected by a strong people by denying other peoples the right to live; that man should no longer be responsible before God, but only responsible before the state [...] ”.

On March 22, 1946, the German Reconstruction Party merged with the German Conservative Party to form the DKP-DRP . Shortly before, Wulle had been informed by the British military government that he had to abstain from any political activity, as he was "not able to promote the democratic institutions in Germany."

See also

Publications

  • World fire , 1911
  • More land! Foundations of the new Germany , 1917
  • Under the sign of the revolution: Contributions to German history from October 1 to December 31, 1918 , 1919
  • (R. Benade): Prussia or Poland. The border question in the east , 1919
  • The tragedy of a people , 1920
  • The national struggle for freedom in its global political significance , 1924
  • German politics 1925 , 1926
  • The bankruptcy of democracy , 1929
  • We want to ride to Ostland , lecture, 1930
  • Germany 1930. From democracy to dictatorship and the Third Reich , 1930
  • The mission of the north. The meaning of the German struggle for freedom , 1931
  • From Verden to Wittenberg , 1932
  • The republic's debt register. 13 years of German politics , 1932
  • The foundations of the German state , lecture, 1932
  • Caesars , 1934
  • History of a state idea , 1935
  • The new millennium , 1936
  • The big five. Revolt against Versailles , 1936
  • From Osman to Kemal Ataturk. Awakening Turan , 1936
  • Gods, gold and faith. In the struggle for God and power , 1937
  • Bismarck as a statesman , 1950

As editor

  • Information letter, 1923-1938
  • The German evening paper

literature

  • Bernhard Sauer: The German National Freedom Party (DvFP) and the Grütte case (pdf, 4.1 Mbyte) In: Berlin in past and present. Yearbook of the Berlin State Archives , 1994.
  • Martin Schumacher (Hrsg.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation, 1933–1945. A biographical documentation . 3rd, considerably expanded and revised edition. Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5183-1 .

Web links

Commons : Reinhold Wulle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.szukajwarchiwach.pl/65/633/0/1/9/skan/full/zyHpomK-eF15Mmjp5BeMLA
  2. ^ Barry Jackisch: The Pan-German League and Radical Nationalist Politics in Interwar Germany, 1918-39. Ashgate Publishing Ltd, Farnham 2012, ISBN 978-1-4094-2762-9 , pp. 42-46 .
  3. ↑ a b Stefanie Schrader: German Herald. In: Wolfgang Benz (Ed.): Organizations, Institutions, Movements . (= Handbook of Antisemitism , Volume 5) de Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-598-24078-2 , pp. 173-175.
  4. ↑ Uwe Lohalm: Völkischer Radikalismus: The history of the Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutz-Bund. 1919-1923 . Leibniz-Verlag, Hamburg 1970, p. 258. ISBN 3-87473-000-X .
  5. ^ Bernhard Sauer: Black Reichswehr and Fememorde. A milieu study on right-wing radicalism in the Weimar Republic. Metropol-Verlag, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-936411-06-9 , p. 39ff.
  6. ↑ Sauer, Reichswehr , p. 41.
  7. ^ Sauer, Reichswehr , p. 42.
  8. ^ Sauer, Reichswehr , pp. 239f, 332.
  9. ↑ Wulle in his information letters No. 48 (February 16, 1925) and No. 164 (October 15, 1929), quoted by Manfred Weißbecker: Deutschvölkische Freiheitspartei 1922–1933. In: Dieter Fricke (Hrsg.): Lexicon for the history of parties. The bourgeois and petty bourgeois parties and associations in Germany (1789–1945). Volume 2, Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, pp. 550–558, here p. 555.
  10. ^ Horst Schmollinger: German Conservative Party - German Right Party. In: Richard Stöss (Ed.): Party Handbook. The parties of the Federal Republic of Germany 1945-1980. Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1983, ISBN 3-531-11570-7 , pp. 986f.
  11. ↑ Reinhold Wulle: The German Revolution. Berlin 1934. Quoted in Weißbecker, Freiheitspartei , p. 556.
  12. ↑ Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdR The Reichstag members of the Weimar Republic in the time of National Socialism. Political persecution, emigration and expatriation 1933–1945. Droste-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1991, ISBN 3-7700-5162-9 , pp. 1555f.
  13. ↑ Schumacher, MdR , p. 1556. See also Weißbecker, Freiheitspartei , p. 558.
  14. ↑ Reinhold Wulle: To all Germans o. O., o. D., quoted in Schmollinger, German Conservative Party , p. 990.
  15. ↑ Reinhold Wulle: Why a new party? o. O., 1945, quoted in Schmollinger, German Conservative Party , p. 990.
  16. ↑ letter Wulles at Eldor Borck of 5 March 1946 cited in Schmollinger, German Conservative Party , S. 987f.
personal data
SURNAME Wulle, Reinhold
ALTERNATIVE NAMES R. Benade
BRIEF DESCRIPTION völkischer publicist and politician (DNVP, DVFP, NSFP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH August 1, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Falkenberg , Pomerania
DATE OF DEATH July 16, 1950
Place of death Gronau , Westphalia