Giant vaginal striped
| Giant vaginal striped | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Giant vaginal striped ( Amanita ceciliae ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Amanita ceciliae | ||||||||||||
| ( Berk. & Broome ) Bas |
The giant or doubly modest vaginal streifling ( Amanita ceciliae ) is a mushroom from the family of amanitae relatives (Amanitaceae). It is characterized by large fruit bodies with a brown hat , a ringless stem and a gray overall cover . The species is considered rare and occurs in European and North American forests.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 7–15, rarely up to 25 cm in diameter, the shape is initially egg-shaped and spreads out to a flat-arched or flattened shape. He has an open, heavily grooved brim and a slight hump. The surface is darker in the middle and lighter towards the edge in gray-brown to brown-black, smooth and slightly sticky when damp. Characteristic are loose, fluffy, charcoal-gray spots of Volva remnants distributed on it. The stains are easy to remove. The hat color is often changeable and pale forms are known: Amanita inaurata f. decolora Parrot and Amanita ceciliae var. pallida Ricek . Amanita inaurata var. Royeri Maire is an ash-black-capped variety. Reaction tests on the hat surface with potassium hydroxide are negative. The thin, tender and brittle hat meat tastes mild and smells faint, but not particularly. It is whitish and remains uncolored in the cut. The wide and bulbous slats stand free, crowded and are colored white. The lamellar cutting edges are flaky. The cylindrical stem , tapered at the tip, is 7–20 cm long and up to 3 cm thick. It is loosely stuffed inside and later hollow. The surface is dirty white to pale brownish and somewhat darker, band-like and finely flaky . The ringless stem is girdled diagonally around the base and the lower stem part with fragile, cotton wool and brownish or charcoal-colored remains of Volva. The vagina is whitish to greyish, powdery and brittle.
Microscopic features
The spores are white, spherical and not amyloid . They measure 10.2-14 micrometers. There are usually a few "giant" spores in a wall of lamellar tissue. There are no buckles on the base of the basidia .
Species delimitation
It would be dangerous to mix it up with other poisonous amanitae, which include the most poisonous European mushrooms. However, the giant vaginal striated is well characterized by the large dimensions and shape of the fruiting bodies, the 2–3 ring zones at the base of the stalk and the lack of a stalk ring. Otherwise it could be confused with other vagabonds. However, the potential doppelgangers all develop smaller fruiting bodies. Also on calcareous soils grows the very similar light flaky vaginal stripe ( Amanita beckeri ), whose initially white volva later turns a little brownish. The gray-skinned vaginal stripe ( Amanita submembranacea ) colonizes acidic soils in mountain coniferous forests.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
In Europe, Amanita ceciliae is widespread from east to west and north to south, but is rarely found. It often lives in deciduous forests with hornbeams ( Carpinus ), oaks ( Quercus ), beeches ( Fagus ) and birches ( Betula ), but it can rarely also occur with conifers: pines ( Pinus ), firs ( Abies ), spruces ( Picea ) and cedars ( Cedrus ). It prefers neutral to calcareous or loamy soils. It is fruitful from (June) July to September (October).
In North America, it is found primarily in areas east of the Mississippi River , but similar fungi are also found in the Pacific Northwest, Southwest, and Texas. They prefer to live in mycorrhizal communities with both deciduous and coniferous trees. They grow solitary, dispersed, or gregarious during summer or fall. Its distribution is mainly in the east, with reports from the Pacific Northwest , Southwest, and Texas (apparently related to pecan trees).
There has been speculation that North American specimens may be from a different, as yet undescribed species than the European species Amanita ceciliae .
Danger
The Giant Streifling (Amanita ceciliae) is on the Red List of Endangered Species throughout Germany and is given Rl3 (endangered).
Systematics and taxonomy
It is the section Vaginatae the genus Amanita ( Amanita assigned). The first description comes from the work "Mycographie suisse" by Louis Secretan , published in 1833 , who referred to him there as " Amanita inaurata " or "Amanite brun doré", and was validated in 1874 by Claude-Casimir Gillet in "Les Hyménomycètes".
meaning
Food value
It is a little poisonous raw, but edible after thorough heating and is used as an edible mushroom . It has no particular reputation for its food value.
ingredients
The fruit bodies essentially consist of more than 40 percent carbohydrates, a good 30 percent protein, just under 10 percent moisture, a good 10 percent ash and just under 6 percent fat content. They have a relatively very high proportion of radical scavenger substances .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Snakeskin grisette . Wild About Britain. Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ a b Fraiture A .: Les Amanitopsis d'Europe ( French ). Jardin Botanique Nationale de Belgique, 1993, ISBN 90-72619-09-9 , pp. 41-4, ISSN 0775-9592 .
- ↑ a b c Amanita ceciliae . Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com website. . Kuo, M. (2006, March). Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Amanita ceciliae at Rogers Mushrooms. . Rogers Plants Ltd. Archived from the original on November 7, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ↑ Amanita ceciliae (Berk. & Broome) Bas . RE Tulloss. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 250.
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Collect mushrooms - the right way. Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10240-8 , pp. 97 .
- ↑ a b Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 226 .
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms . 6th edition. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Munich 2003, ISBN 978-3-405-16618-2 , p. 120 .
- ^ Régis Courtecuisse and Bernard Duhem: Mushrooms & Toadstools of Britain and Europe . Harper Collins, 1995, ISBN 0 00 220025 2 , pp. 272-73.
- ↑ Louis Secretan: Mycographie suisse . Description of the champignons qui croissent en Suisse, particulièrement dans le canton de Vaud, aux environs de Lausanne. tape 1 . PA Bonnant, Genève, Rue Verdaine 277 1833, p. 36–37 (French, archive.org [accessed April 5, 2012]).
- ↑ Ilgaz Akata, Bülent Ergönül, Fatih Kalyoncu: Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of 16 Wild Edible Mushroom Species Grown in Anatolia . In: Asian Network for Scientific Information (Ed.): International Journal of Pharmacology . tape 8 , no. 2 , 2012, ISSN 1811-7775 , p. 134-138 , doi : 10.3923 / ijp.2012.134.138 (English, doaj.org [accessed April 6, 2012]). Chemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of 16 Wild Edible Mushroom Species Grown in Anatolia ( Memento of the original from December 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
