Berlin-Düppel

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Düppel is a locality in the districts of Nikolassee and Zehlendorf , Steglitz-Zehlendorf district , in the south of Berlin . The place was named in 1865 to commemorate the storming of the Düppeler Schanzen in the German-Danish War one year earlier.

history

Although there is no documented mention, archaeological finds suggest that Düppel was first settled around 1170. At that time settled in the Mark Brandenburg indigenous Slavs on the road to Spandau where a fortified castle called Burg Spandow was (a predecessor of today's Spandau Citadel ). Around 1230 the settlement , still simply called the Slavic settlement, had 16 farms, which were stored in a horseshoe shape around a large village square, the grazing area for the animals, for protection. This village in the Krummes Fenn landscape protection area has been exposed, reconstructed and is now accessible as the Düppel museum village in the summer months .

In 1242 the neighboring villages of Zehlendorf and Slatdorp with the Slatsee ( Schlachtensee ) and a lake designated as Tusen and Imtzen (presumably Nikolassee ) together with the associated lands and a forest area were owned by the ruling Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III. sold to the Lehnin monastery . The present-day Düppel area with the Slavic settlement at Zehlendorf probably belonged to the area and thus also became the property of the Cistercian monks . In the course of the Reformation , the church properties were confiscated and Zehlendorf came under the administration of the Brandenburg electors and later the Prussian kings. No later than 1300, the village was to Siedlungswüstung , so abandoned, and together with other villages in the area to Zehlendorf and Teltow laid. Agricultural use of the barren sandy soil continued, however.

In 1828 Friedrich Bensch founded an estate in the immediate vicinity of the former Slavic village. Since 1826, the wealthy salt shipping director and timber inspector had acquired large areas of land east of Zehlendorf as well as an extensive forest area. The latter stretched south of Schlachtensee and Nikolassee, in a westerly direction it also comprised today's district of Wannsee as far as Klein Glienicke . Completed in 1830 property was labeled Vorwerk Neu-Zehlendorf and has in the meantime as a distillery for distillation of liquor used. The classical style buildings were rebuilt in 1850, adding a tower and other buildings. Later, the writer Theodor Fontane erroneously referred to the building method as the Tudor style in his hikes through the Mark Brandenburg , as the half-timbered construction remained visible after the renovations in the attic area and the extensions.

Memorial plaque in Oertzenweg, Berlin-Zehlendorf

Naming 1865

The Prussian general Prince Friedrich Karl , son of Carl von Prussia and nephew of King Wilhelm I , bought the estate in 1859 and set up a horse stud on the farm . He leased most of his land to a local farmer who also moved into the manor house. The prince himself continued to live in the Dreilinden hunting lodge, about four kilometers away . In gratitude for his victory in the Battle of Düppel ( Dybbøl in Danish ), the prince's property was elevated to a knighthood after the end of the German-Danish War . In the patent issued by Wilhelm I on January 13, 1865, the property is referred to as Rittergut Düppel , which is how the name came from the Danish Duchy of Schleswig to the Brandenburg district of Teltow . It was awarded at the request of the Teltow district estates and was to be understood as an honor to Friedrich Karl.

Administratively, Düppel was now an estate district in the Teltow district. Industrialization and the founding of the German Empire allowed the capital to grow rapidly. While surrounding cities, municipalities and manor districts were incorporated into Berlin with the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920, Düppel did not follow to Greater Berlin until 1928.

Düppel Riding School

A riding school had existed in Düppel since 1930, and from 1937/1938 the SA used it as a Reich Riding School. After the Second World War , the riding school was briefly the riding school of the US military police before it became the German Riding School. From 1947 to 1951 a stable was built for the American riding club, which formed the basis for the animal clinic of the Free University of Berlin.

DP camp 1945/1948

Berlin memorial plaque on the house at Potsdamer Chaussee 87, in Berlin-Nikolassee

After the end of the Second World War, Düppel belonged to the American sector in Berlin. The American military administration established the largest DP camp for so-called displaced persons in Berlin in Düppel . At times up to 5,130 Jewish DPs lived in the camp. The Berlin blockade worsened the supply situation for the residents to such an extent that the camp had to be evacuated as early as July 1948. The camp residents were brought to West Germany by air. Most of them were distributed to DP camps in the Frankfurt / Main area. Then GDR refugees were housed in the barracks, and socially disadvantaged West Berlin families after the Wall was built. The barracks were demolished in the early 1970s.

Rail transport

The route of the main line , the first railway line in Prussia , ran from 1838 about 500 meters south of the manor on its fields. The line was the first rail connection between Potsdam , Zehlendorf and Berlin. Düppel was connected to the Berlin suburban traffic in 1939 with the opening of the Düppel train station between Potsdam and Zehlendorf . After the Second World War, the tracks were partially dismantled as a reparation payment ; only shuttle trains ran between Düppel and Zehlendorf, which were operated electrically from 1948. When the Berlin Wall was built, Düppel was on the southern edge of West Berlin . A restart of the entire route became impossible. On December 20, 1972, the new Zehlendorf Süd S-Bahn station was opened on the route . In 1980 the S-Bahn traffic on the remaining section of the route was stopped. Long-distance traffic was already carried out via the Wetzlarer Bahn . Since the fall of the Berlin Wall , the reconstruction and commissioning of the main line in regional traffic have been discussed unsuccessfully.

Chaff in the present

In addition to the forest area, the name Düppel is primarily associated with three institutions:

Otherwise, Düppel is considered a green area and is predominantly characterized by villas, single and multi-family houses. There is no separate center in the sense of urban planning and spatial planning in Düppel; the next sub-center is the town center in the area of ​​Teltower Damm in the east of Zehlendorf.

Web links

Commons : Berlin-Düppel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Community encyclopedia for the urban district of Berlin and the province of Brandenburg . In: Royal Statistical Bureau (Hrsg.): Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia . Publishing house of the Royal Statistical Bureau, Berlin 1898 ( kobv.de [PDF; accessed on July 15, 2020]).
  2. ↑ www.gemeindeververzeichnis.de: municipalities and manor districts of the Teltow district (as of 1910)
  3. ↑ Greater Berlin Act of April 27, 1920 with reference to the Amendment Act of December 27, 1927, accessed on August 9, 2015.
  4. ↑ Detlef Hoge: The main line. In: stadtschnellbahn-berlin.de. October 26, 2008, accessed December 9, 2017 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 26 '  N , 13 ° 14'  E