Rosen-Melde

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Rosen-Melde
Rosen-Melde (Atriplex rosea), illustration

Rosen-Melde ( Atriplex rosea ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Foxtail family (Amaranthaceae)
Subfamily : Chenopodioideae
Tribe : Atripliceae
Genre : Report ( Atriplex )
Type : Rosen-Melde
Scientific name
Atriplex rosea
L.

The rose melde ( Atriplex rosea ) is a species of the report ( Atriplex ) in the foxtail family (Amaranthaceae). Originally at home in the Middle East and Southern Europe, the rose-melde was spread through cultivation or importation in many areas of the world.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Rosen-Melde is an annual herbaceous plant . Their upright stalk is sparsely branched with whitish-yellow branches at a height of 20 to 90 cm. The alternate leaves have a length of 6 to 7 cm (up to 8 cm) and a width of 5 cm. Their leaf blades, which are gray-green on the top and gray on the bottom, are usually rhombic and sharply serrated on the edge.

Inflorescence and flower

The Rosen-Melde is single-sexed ( monoecious ). In short, pseudo-annual total inflorescences are in the axilla of bracts protruding, clustered partial inflorescences with five to ten flowers each on the 1 to 2 mm thick inflorescence axis. The male flowers have four to five bracts ( tepals ) and five stamens . The female flowers are of two rhombic continue reading enveloped bloom do not exist, they contain only a vertical ovary .

The bloom time of the rose-melde ranges in Germany from July to September. The pollination is usually done by the wind, but is also possible by insects.

Fruit and seeds

The vertical fruit is enveloped by the pre-leaves, which are fused together to about the middle, which harden at the basal cartilaginous and are clearly veined there. The seated or short-stalked prophylls are 5 to 7 mm (up to 10 mm) in length, rhombic, with entire margins or have one to three teeth on each side. They sometimes have small knotty appendages on their back.

The membranous pericarp surrounds the seed. There are red, somewhat convex to flat seeds with a diameter of 1.5 to 2 mm and light brown, flat to concave seeds with a diameter of 1.7 to 2 mm ( heterocarpy ). While the light brown seeds are extremely capable of germination, the red seeds are slowed to germinate .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

Photosynthetic pathway

The rose melde is a C 4 plant with a wreath anatomy .

ecology

The Rosen-Melde is used as food by the butterfly caterpillars of the thick-headed moth Pholisora ​​catullus and the bluebird Brephidium exilis .

Occurrence and endangerment

The original distribution area of ​​the Rosen-Melde is Western Asia and Southern Europe . As an archaeophyte , it has been native to all of Europe , North Africa and West Asia for centuries . It is also introduced in North America and South America .

The area of this species has shrunk considerably in recent decades: while it was still common in Russia and the Ukraine until the beginning of the 20th century , it has become very rare there since the 1930s. It is believed to have died out in central Russia , Belarus , the Baltic states and parts of Ukraine. The decline is probably related to the end of the cultivation of this species, so that it can no longer grow wild from cultivated areas.

In Austria the species occurs very seldom, especially in the Pannonian area in the colline altitude zone on dry, nutrient-rich sandy and clay soils as well as in salt locations. The natural occurrences are limited to Vienna , Lower Austria and Burgenland , in Salzburg the species occurs only inconsistently. It is considered to be critically endangered.

In Germany the rose-melde is a rare archaeophyte , in East Germany it may also be native. (The nationwide Red List of Endangered Species only rates this species as neophytic or inconsistent.) In Saxony , the rose register is considered threatened with extinction (Red List 1) and in Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia as endangered. According to Suchorukow, there should be no newer sites in Germany. On the other hand, in German Florenwerke, the rose report is described as rare, but occasionally occurring regularly.

The Rosen-Melde colonizes dry, nitrogen-rich ruderal areas and weed meadows on roadsides or on rubble from the plain to the hill . On the coast it also grows in the rinsing area . In the system of plant sociology it has its main occurrence in the association Sisymbrion and in the association Salsolion, also in Chenopodion rubri and Cakiletea maritimae societies. It is a pointer plant for full sun and moderate steppe climate.

Systematics

As a C 4 plant within the genus Atriplex, the rose melde ( Atriplex rosea ) belongs to the C 4 atriplex clade.

The first publication of Atriplex rosea was done in 1763 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , Editio Secunda 2, p 1,493th

Synonyms of Atriplex rosea L. are according to Suchorukow (2007) Atriplex alba Scop. (nom. invalid.), atriplex axillary ten. , Atriplex Betteriana Roem. & Schult. Bieb , Atriplex laciniata . , Atriplex monoica Moench , Schizotheca rosea (L.) Fourr. (nom. invalid.), Spinacia fera Pall. and Teutliopsis rosea (L.) Celak. As more synonyms are Atriplex foliolosa Link , Atriplex rosea subsp. foliolosa (Link) Cout. and Chenopodium roseum (L.) EHLKrause .

use

The Rosen-Melde was cultivated as a food plant until around the beginning of the 20th century . This type was also used to extract potash .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 93 . (Section description).
  • Alexander P. Suchorukow: On the systematics and chorology of the Atriplex species (Chenopodiaceae) occurring in Russia and the neighboring states (within the borders of the former USSR) . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna, Series B. Volume 108, 2007, pp. 372–374 (PDF file; 31.37 MB) (sections description, photosynthetic pathway, occurrence, use).
  • Stanley L. Welsh: Atriplex rosea . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 4: Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1 . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 , pp. 340 (English). (Section description).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Entry at BiolFlor
  2. ↑ a b Atriplex rosea at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  3. ^ Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni, Luis M. Hernández: Entry at HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants .
  4. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  5. ↑ a b Rosen report. In: FloraWeb.de.
  6. ^ J. Stolle & S. Klotz: Flora of the city of Halle (Saale) . Calendula Hallesche Umweltblätter, 5th special issue, Halle, 2004.
  7. ^ Peter Gutte : Flora of the city of Leipzig including Markkleeberg . Hawthorn, Jena, 2006.
  8. ↑ K.-J. Barthel: & J. Pusch: Flora of the Kyffhäuser Mountains and the surrounding area . Ahorn, Jena, 1999.
  9. ^ W. Lang, & P. ​​Wollf (Red.): Flora of the Palatinate. Distribution atlas of fern and flowering plants for the Palatinate and its peripheral areas. Speyer, 2011, CD-ROM.
  10. ↑ H.-J. Zündorf, K.-F. Günther, H. Korsch & W. Westhus (Eds.): Flora von Thüringen . Hawthorn, Jena, 2006.
  11. ↑ Gudrun Kadereit, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Elizabeth H. Zacharias, Alexander P. Sukhorukov: Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the origin of C4 Photosynthesis. In: American Journal of Botany. Volume 97, No. 10, 2010, pp. 1664-1687.
  12. ↑ First publication scanned at Biodiversity Heritage Library
  13. ^ Pertti Uotila: Chenopodiaceae (pro parte majore). Atriplex rosea . In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

Web links

Commons : Rosen-Melde ( Atriplex rosea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files