Rudolf Hollinger

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Rudolf Hollinger

Rudolf Hollinger , pseudonym Johannes Lenner (born August 13, 1910 Temesvár ( German  Timişoara , Romanian Timișoara ), Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary ; † January 7, 1997 Langenau , Germany ) was a university lecturer , poet and playwright . During the time of National Socialism he was the chief editor of “ völkischer publications” in the Kingdom of Romania .

Life

Childhood and studies

Hollinger spent his childhood partly in the country, in Banatsko Veliko Selo and Kikinda in the former Yugoslavia, partly in Temesvár. After graduating from the German State High School in Timisoara , he first studied law in Cluj from 1929–1930 , then German and English and in 1930 moved to Vienna . Here he turned to the study of Italian , Swedish , ancient Egyptian and Sanskrit . Hollinger received his doctorate in 1934 with the work Das Till Eulenspiegelbuch from 1515. His intellectual and social problems .

The teacher

After his return to Timișoara, Hollinger worked as a teacher from 1936 to 1944 , first at the German Realgymnasium , then at the pedagogical teacher training institute .

From 1941 Hollinger was the chief editor of the magazine Der Deutschen Lehrer of the National Socialist Teachers Association , which was replaced by the people and schools in 1942 . The publication was based on the idea that all values ​​and cultural and social abilities of people are linked to genetic makeup and racial characteristics. In his capacity as regional cultural administrator, Hollinger published publications on cultural policy such as “Deutsches Wesen - deutsche Sprache”, which were written in line with the ideology of National Socialism .

After the Second World War he was banned from teaching and worked, with short interruptions, from 1945 to 1962 as a worker, office worker and technician in the Tehnometal plant, Timișoara. The German language and literature chair at the Philological Faculty of the University of Timișoara was founded on September 15, 1956, in which Hollinger played a key role together with Hans Weresch and Stefan Binder . Hollinger taught here for two years. In the fall of 1962 he was given permission to continue teaching at the university, where he held lectures on German literature , style and English until his retirement in 1971 .

The poet

Hollinger's works, like those of many contemporary writers, were generally committed to maintaining the homeland and singing about German peasantry. During his student days in Vienna , Hollinger wrote an expressionist one-act play, Der Menschenfreund . The manuscript was lost in the turmoil of World War II . During his time in Vienna, Hollinger began to publish poems and literary critical articles in the Timișoaraer Banater monthly issues. During the war, poems for occasions and experiences emerged, of which the Divin Elegies occupy a special position. In 1949 Der Neubau appeared in the Temesvar newspaper under his pseudonym Johannes Lenner . A cycle of sonnets was created in the 1960s when Hollinger gave an extensive lecture on The German Sonnet in the Romanian Banat at a scientific conference . So far only two volumes of poetry by Hollinger have been published: Poems . Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Munich 1986; Your hour, death, is great . Poems. Linz 1997. In addition, poems have appeared sporadically in Romanian-German publications and in the Federal Republic in the Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, among others. Hollinger's correspondence with Hermann Hesse also falls between 1950 and 1960, a year before Hesse's death in 1962 he was forbidden by the Romanian secret service Securitate . In 1980, as a pensioner, he moved with his wife in the course of family reunification with his children in Germany. After going blind, he dictated his memoirs over the last 17 years of his work. a. Published in the weekly “Der Donauschwabe” between 1999 and 2002 in 88 episodes.

The playwright

In the 1960s, Hollinger wrote stage works such as The Portrait, Story of a Love , Drama in Acts of Three, which is set in Timișoara artist circles in the 1950s. The dramatic study in three acts, Paths and Paths or When Paths Cross, also takes place in a circle of intellectuals somewhere in Europe around the middle of the 20th century. The dramatic poem in three acts, Der Bogenstrich, deals with the problems of a family of intellectuals . Hollinger wrote two historical dramas, Akhenaten, King of Egypt and The Crown of Fire or Dózsa's Battle and Transfiguration . The play Akhenaten in Four Acts is set in the last year of Akhenaten's reign in the New Kingdom of Egypt. The fire crown deals with the Hungarian Peasants' War of 1514 under György Dózsa . The “Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter” (No. 2/1990, p. 136 ff) and the Budapest bilingual magazine “Stadium. Society and Culture ”(Stádium irodalom, müvészet, kultúra) published a fragment in No. 2 / September 1989 (pp. 38–41). His work Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn, the discoverer of Danube Germanism (1942) pays tribute to the literary activity of the Schwab poet. Hollinger worked intensively on his as yet unpublished extensive history of German literature from its beginnings to the present . The work came to the public in part through lectures at the University of Timișoara. Another unpublished work is his extensive Faust interpretation . Hollinger's activity as a linguist includes works on colloquial German from the history of Timișoara : “The city German of Timişoara”. His life experience, his reflections on people and society, art and literature can be found in concentrated form in the book Thought Splinters from the East. From the diary of a Southeast European again. The Viennese Pygmalion Theater took Hollinger's artist drama When Paths Only Cross into its repertoire and premiered it on September 24, 2010 in Reșița under the direction of Dan Stoica . The Vienna premiere took place on September 27, 2010.

Works

Publications

  • The Till Eulenspiegel book of 1513. Its intellectual and social problems. Vienna 1934 (dissertation).
  • Young Banat Seal. Speeches and poems at a ceremony. Sibiu 1940. [Banat leaves 9].
  • Banat poetry of the present. Attempt a spiritual vision. Timișoara 1940. [Banat leaves 12].
  • Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn, the awakening of Danube Germanism. A presentation. Timișoara 1942.
  • Paths to modernity. In: Neuer Weg, Bucharest, March 17, 1968.
  • The way to the poem. In: Neue Banater Zeitung, Timișoara, August 4, 1968.
  • Not love, but love. In: Neue Banater Zeitung, Timișoara, September 28, 1968
  • An unknown narrator from the Banat: Johann Eugen Probst from Arad. In: Neuer Weg, Bucharest, September 28, 1968.
  • Preyer as a playwright. In: Neue Banater Zeitung, Timișoara, December 29, 1968.
  • Mayor and poet too. Johann Nepomuk Preyer (1805-1888). In: Neuer Weg, Supplement Culture and Life, Bucharest, January 4, 1969.
  • Characteristic features of the German vernacular of Timisoara. In: Annals of the University of Timisoara, 1969, pp. 79-90.
  • The city German of Timisoara. In: Neuer Weg, Bucharest, 2. – 4. April 1970.
  • Unknown literary history. Letters from Eugen Probst to Adolf Meschendörfer. In: Karpatenrundschau, Kronstadt, No. 38 of September 18, 1970; also in: Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, Munich, No. 1/1972, pp. 37–42.
  • With the master. Johann Eugen Probst visits Gottfried Keller. In: Neue Banater Zeitung, Kulturbote, Timișoara, September 20, 1970.
  • What is poetry? In: Volk und Kultur, Bucharest, 23rd year, May 5th, 1971.
  • Are we still standing by Faust? In: Neue Banater Zeitung, Timișoara, March 23, 1972.
  • Faust - The poetic allegory of an exemplary life. In: Volk und Kultur , Bucharest, issue 6/1972.
  • My relationship with Karl May. In: Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, Munich, No. 2/1985, pp. 125–127.
  • Thoughts from the East. From the diary of a Southeast European. Vienna 1985.
  • Valya. In: Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, Munich, No. 4/1985, pp. 278–286.
  • Poems. In: Südostdeutsches Kulturwerk, Munich 1986.
  • Timisoara and its German. In: Banatica. Contributions to German culture, Freiburg i. Br., No. 4/1989, pp. 24-31.
  • From Rudolf Hollinger's ideas. In: Donauschwäbische Lehrer und Forschungs-Blätter, Munich, No. 3/1995.
  • At the right time. In: Donauschwabenkalender, Aalen, Ed. 1996, pp. 140–141.
  • School friendships. In: Südostdeutsche Vierteljahresblätter, Munich, No. 1/1997, pp. 23–28.
  • Your hour, death, is great. Poems. Linz 1997.
  • Unpunished by Terpsychore. In: Donauschwabenkalender, Aalen, Ed. 1998, pp. 124–126.
  • Singing competition in Ulmbach. In: Donauschwabenkalender, Aalen, Ed. 2000, pp. 146–148.
  • Mosaic of a downfall. Memories. In: Der Donauschwabe, Aalen, 88 episodes 1999–2002. Edited by Hans Dama, Vienna.

Dramatic works

  • The portrait. Story of a love (unpublished)
  • The bow stroke (unpublished)
  • When paths only cross , world premiere September 24, 2010 in Reșița
  • Akhenaten - King of Egypt . (historical drama). 1959 (unpublished)
  • The crown of fire. Dózsa's struggle and transfiguration . (historical tragedy). (1959) Verlag "Banatul Montan", 2010, Reschitza, ISBN 978-973-1929-36-1 , p. 175
  • A fragment from: The Crown of Fire. Dózsa's struggle and transfiguration . (Excerpt from a historical play), Fifth Act, First Image. In: Stadium. Society and Culture (Stádium irodalom, müvészet, kultúra), No. 2 / September 1989 (pp. 38–41).

editor

  • People and School, magazine, 1941–1942.
  • Theodor Fontane. Effi Briest. Preface and Notes. Timișoara, 1973.

NB Almost the entire oeuvre of Rudolf Hollinger is stored in archives, well-preserved but unpublished. The Germanist Hans Dama is committed to the publication of the work.

reception

The historian Klaus Popa names Hollinger together with 18 other “relevantly incriminated” and “uncritically glorified members of the German minority in Romania” who “represent only a fraction of the folk and Nazi sympathizers [...] who despite their formerly extremely active militancy [ ...] to continue their professional careers in Germany and Austria without drastic downturns [...] and to cultivate and spread a fabric of lies and stereotypes about their own and the Nazi past of their 'ethnic group' [...] in a propaganda way ”.

In his obituary for Hollinger, the author Hans Dama writes that the establishment of the specialist body of the “German teachers” in 1941 was announced by Nikolaus Hans Hockl , head of the education authority of the German minority group in Romania , with the aim of “providing technical training on an ideological basis to National Socialism convey". However, the main editor Hollinger was neither the spiritual father of the political orientation of this magazine nor its militant ideologue; the appointment as chief editor was only made because of his linguistic competence. “With this activity he had to endure a lot in the post-war period. Late in 1962, after extensive state research, Rudolf Hollinger was completely rehabilitated on the instructions of the Romanian Minister of Education at the time, Ilie G. Murgulescu [...]. Murgulescu arranged for Hollinger to be transferred back to the Chair of German Studies at the University of Timişoara. "

literature

  • Walter Engel : German literature in the Banat (1840-1939).
  • Hans Dama : 100 years since the birth of Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hollinger. In: ADZ. March 10, 2010.
  • Portrait of Rudolf Hollinger. In: Literaricum. No. 2. Vienna 1984, pp. 3-5.
  • Poetry on the way of life. The poetic work of Rudolf Hollinger. In: Anton Schwob (Ed.): Contributions to German literature in Romania since 1918. Munich 1985, pp. 45–54.
  • Anton Peter Petri : Biographical Lexicon of the Banat Germans. Marquartstein 1992, ISBN 3-922046-76-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Johann Böhm : National Socialist Indoctrination of Germans in Romania 1932-1944 . Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 3-63157-031-7 , p. 152.
  2. ↑ In: Volk und Schule, 1943. Quoted in Johann Böhm: Hitler's vassals of the German ethnic group in Romania before and after 1945. Lang, 2006. ISBN 3-63155-767-1 , p. 208.
  3. ↑ Blood and Soil - Sînge şi glie . In: Semi-annual journal for Southeast European history, literature and politics from February 4, 2018
  4. ↑ Horst Schuller Anger: Literature in the Romanian German press. In: Carola L. Gottzmann (ed.): Unrecognized and (un) known: German minority literature in Central and Eastern Europe. Tübingen 1991, p. 230ff. Quoted in: Iulia-Karin Patrut: Black sister, devil boy: Ethnicity and gender in Paul Celan and Herta Müller. Böhlau Verlag, Cologne Weimar 2006, ISBN 3-41233-805-2 , p. 112.
  5. ↑ pygmaliontheater.at , website of the Vienna Pygmalion Theater
  6. ↑ Johann Böhm and Klaus Popa : From NS-Volkstum- to expellee functionary. The founding members of the Südostdeutschen Kulturwerk München and the country teams of Germans from Romania, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2014, p. 188.
  7. ↑ Hollinger, Rudolf . In: East German Biography (Kulturportal West-Ost)
personal data
SURNAME Hollinger, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lenner, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German poet, teacher, playwright
DATE OF BIRTH August 13, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Temesvár , Kingdom of Hungary
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1997
Place of death Langenau near Ulm , Germany