Rudolf Lohbauer

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Johann Friedrich Dietler : Portrait of Rudolf Lohbauer , drawing, Bern 1840,
signature - Rudolf Lohbauer, Professor :Rudolf Lohbauer signature.jpg

Rudolf Lohbauer , also Rudolph Lohbauer (born April 14, 1802 in Stuttgart , † May 15, 1873 in Hermesbühl near Solothurn ) was a German publisher , publicist , painter and military theorist. He campaigned for the preservation of freedom of the press and freedom of expression in Germany and was a speaker at the Hambach Festival of 1832. Lohbauer was fundamentally involved in shaping the federal militia system in Switzerland .

Life

Young years and studies

Rudolf Lohbauer was born in Stuttgart on April 14, 1802. He was the first child next to a brother and three sisters from the marriage of the captain and poet Karl Philipp von Lohbauer (1777-1809) and his wife Christiane Sophia Friederika Rümelin (1777-1860). His friends during school included the later poet Eduard Mörike , the later lieutenant and republican conspirator Ernst Ludwig Koseritz , the mathematician and composer Ernst Friedrich Kauffmann and the doctor Hermann Hardegg . After the death of his father, who was raised to the Württemberg staff nobility in 1806 in the battle near Isny , Lohbauer was raised Protestant by his grandparents and attended grammar school in Stuttgart. After his grandfather's death in 1815, the 13-year-old was accepted into the royal military institute of the cadet institute until it was dissolved in 1817 . Lohbauer received honorable references and turned to the fine arts , primarily architecture and painting . After transformation of the institution officer, he worked from 1820 in Ludwigsburg again for the military in the Corps of Guides as a topographical draftsman. At the end of 1822 he was transferred to Stuttgart, where he found work in the same position in the cadastral department of the Württemberg General Staff and in the topographical office. Due to poor eyesight and hearing, as a result of a scarlet fever disease which he had suffered at the age of five , he had to break off his training as an officer in 1823.

Through Eduard Mörike he got to know the writer Wilhelm Waiblinger (1804–1830) and the poet Friedrich Hölderlin (1770–1843). He visited the latter with the lithographer Johann Georg Schreiner . In April 1825 Lohbauer began studying philosophy , philology and history at the University of Tübingen . He lived with Hermann Hardegg, but later moved to the outskirts. Here he was in contact with Eduard Mörike's circle of friends. He was active in a radical democratic Comment fraternity and vigorously championed republican ideals. This brought him in the fall of 1826 a four-week detention punishment and the threat of relegation one because he at a Waterloo had participated -Feier. In January 1825 a "wild hostility" arose between Lohbauer and Waiblinger for the love for Henriette Reuter, which led to the pistol duel at the end of the year. In 1827 the oppositional student Lohbauer broke off his studies and went on trips to Nuremberg , Würzburg and Bamberg .

Journalistic struggle for press freedom and first Swiss exile

From 1828 to 1830 Lohbauer edited the Stuttgart " Stadtpost " published by Franckh . Lohbauer was hired as editor by the founders Gottlob Tafel (1801–1874) and Friedrich Rödinger (1800–1868) of the “ Hochwächters ” (later in 1833 “ The Observer ”), who appeared on December 1, 1830. The two lawyers were members of the persecuted fraternity “ youth union ” and wanted to stand for election as members of the state parliament . Lohbauer accompanied this activity until September 1832. Under Lohbauer's leadership, the censorship authority, criminal investigation department and city administration dealt with the magazine “ Der Hochwächter ”, which led to numerous reports against him. Lohbauer's journalistic struggle came to a head in 1832 when he appeared as a keynote speaker at the Hambach Festival , which made him a demagogue and rebel for the government in Stuttgart . Lohbauer was involved in the preparation of the Franckh-Koseritz conspiracy of 1833. By publishing censored " Hochwächter " posts in the aftermath of the festival, Lohbauer threatened arrest, from which he escaped by escaping.

So he reached Strasbourg in September 1832 , but it did not seem safe enough for him, and in April '33 he continued to move to Switzerland . He was visited by his brother-in-law in Strasbourg in September, met the Prussian officer Bruno Übel and had contact with the fugitives from the Frankfurt Wachensturm such as von Rauschenplatt . An unsteady beginning followed in Switzerland. Lohbauer settled in Burgdorf in the canton of Bern in 1836 . The government appointed him to the Art Affairs Commission, which made him known in officer circles. Lohbauer founded the " Helvetic Military Magazine " with Bruno Übel , the forerunner of the " General Swiss Military Journal ". At the end of 1834 this activity led to a call to the chair of military science at the University of Bern , where he passed on his knowledge to Swiss staff officers. However Lohbauer not really felt at home and traveled in 1839 to Paris to look for a job; but this did not happen, because earlier he had Pauline Fleischhauer from (1812-1886) Reutlingen know that in May of 1839 Engagement promised. He married her on December 31, 1840; he had four children with her, all of whom died at a young age. In 1841 King Wilhelm I issued a political amnesty , which gave Lohbauer the opportunity to return home; he had always rejected a petition for clemency. His first visit to his homeland took place in the summer of 1843 after an absence of ten years.

Second attempt at reform and renewed Swiss exile

In the winter of 1845/1846 Lohbauer gave up teaching in Bern. He moved to Berlin and took over the editing of the " Deutsche Zeitung ". Since his goals did not materialize, he made contact with the Confederates at the beginning of 1848 for a job in an old job. He rejected the formation of a United State Parliament in 1847 and joined the popular uprising in Berlin in 1848 . He worked as the commander of a citizens' company and campaigned for the transformation of Prussia into a constitutional state. He ran for both the constituent national assembly in Prussia and the Frankfurt national assembly , but remained without office. The restorative efforts, which should ultimately lead to the failure of the revolution of 1848/1849 , induced him to return to Switzerland at the end of 1848, following on from the contacts he had once made. However, he was refused a new teaching position at the University of Bern. Instead he found a job as a senior instructor “ for strategy and tactics ” at the General Staff School in Thun . After releasing his duties at the military school, Lohbauer moved to Solothurn in 1869 , where he spent his twilight years studying art history and literary issues. Lohbauer died in Hermesbühl near Solothurn at the age of 70. On his tombstone it was testified that for many years he was an excellent teacher at the Swiss military schools.

Act

In 1829 Ludwig Mack published a portfolio with contour drawings (Mack 1829), which Rudolf Lohbauer lithographed for printing


In 1823 Lohbauer portrayed Friedrich Hölderlin. At the same time, Lohbauer campaigned for Maria Meyer (1802–1865), for whom Eduard Mörike was enthusiastic, to be taken in by his mother and sister in their parents' home in Ludwigsburg; However, Maria Meyer moved out again towards the end of the year. In the period between 1823 and 1825 he was accompanied by mental depression and suicidal thoughts as well as the urge to join the Greek freedom fighters . An ink drawing by Lohbauer from 1826, known as "The Friends in Lohbauer's Tübinger Gartenlaube", is associated in literary studies with Eduard Mörike's older ballad "Der Feuerreiter". In 1830 he published lithographed drawings for " Don Giovanni " at Cotta . The sketches for this were made during the student days in Tübingen.

The enlightening sharpness and controversial liberality in the magazine " Der Hochwächter " under Lohbauer's direction from 1830–1832 led to ingenious features, independent theater and music reviews and political articles. The radical republican stance and courageous attacks on the government and administration preoccupied the censors, the criminal police and the city administration. As a result, there were numerous reports. Neither censorship lines nor the withdrawal of privileges helped. Even from the ranks of the political opponents it was said: “The founding of the ' Hochwächters ' was decisive for the hope of the liberal party, the great participation of the whole of Württemberg in this paper was the signal of a new era that dawned for the country. Now the isolated complaints had found their central point. […]. ”In 1832, like others at the Hambach Festival, he called for the national unity of Germany as a confederation of states with a constitution guaranteeing basic rights and freedom of the press. Friedrich Rödinger honored his editorial services with exuberant praise when Lohbauer had to flee due to the publication of an uncensored edition of Hochwächter.

Between 1833 and 1836 Lohbauer tried to act literarily in the translation of Dante's Divine Comedy and forged artistic plans. Gradually you got to know and appreciate your talents.

With the " Deutsche Zeitung ", Lohbauer wanted to follow his ideals politically on the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. However , he did not succeed and was disappointing. The Prussians still saw in him the Swabian demagogue of yore. During the revolution, he campaigned for the transformation of Prussia into a constitutional state. He also wanted the unity and freedom of Germany as before. He felt isolated after his candidacies for government office failed.

During his retirement he wrote drafts for dramas . However, his works were never performed.

The Helvetic Military Magazine (later: Allgemeine Schweizerische Militärzeitschrift ) contributed to the expansion of the Swiss defense system . In his host country, he helped spread modern operational and tactical knowledge. War history studies supplemented his previous scientific work. Lohbauer's relationship to the military describes this statement: " When he gave lectures to staff officers and maneuvered cardboard scraps on the table, a theoretical war also had its poetic side - for which one understands ". In Berlin in 1846 he hoped to found a liberal newspaper. After returning to Switzerland, Lohbauer enthusiastically worked as a senior instructor in Thun and devoted himself to improving the quality of the Swiss armed forces. The federal militia system , which was supported by the ideas of early liberalism, was provided with a functioning general staff as a management tool through his efforts.

Characteristics of Lohbauer

According to Hans Königer, Lohbauer showed some similarities with the personnel structure of Wilhelm Waiblinger in his bold, multifaceted, dazzling personality, his unconventional, magnetically attractive nature, who took people by storm and which appeared instinctive, pathological or demonic to fearful contemporaries. W. Lang wrote that he had a flexible, imaginative nature that never allowed him to get a solid foundation. Lohbauer was a seeker who staggered unsatisfied from one goal to another. His cousin Rümelin described him after death as a man who stood by his ideals and seemed to be called to the highest; that in all situations of life he had always been a pure and noble person who had the highest goals in mind.

Works

  • The fight on the Grimsel on August 14, 1799 . A military study. Ed .: Helvetian military magazine 4. No. 10-12 , 1837.
  • The campaign in Russia, 1812 . after d. 100 pictures by Faber du Faur, historical and aesthetic explanations. 1845.
  • To the voters for Frankfurt and Berlin . 1848.
  • The battles for the Gotthard in spring and summer 1799 . 1861 (French edition 1861).

literature

  • Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume I: Politicians. Volume 3: I-L. Winter, Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0865-0 , pp. 306-307.
  • Viktor Hofer: The time of further expansion. Formation and development of an interdisciplinary institution (1848–1874) . (= The Swiss General Staff. 2). Helbing & Lichtenhahn, Basel 1983, ISBN 3-7190-0842-8 , pp. 55-66.
  • Hans Königer: Notes 228.13 In: Hans Königer (Ed.): Wilhelm Waiblinger: Works and Letters. Volume 39, JG Cotta, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7681-9950-9 , pp. 818f. (Google Books)
  • W. Lang: Rudolf Lohbauer. In: Württemberg quarterly for regional history. NF 5, 1896, pp. 149-188 ( Commons )
  • Walther Ludwig: News about the Stuttgart pastor Christian Adam Dann and the painter Rudolf Lohbauer. In: Leaves for Württemberg Church History. 98th year 1998, pp. 159-173.
  • Walther Ludwig: Rudolf Lohbauer's picture "Hyperion's drive to Kalaurea". In: Hölderlin yearbook. 30. Vol. 1996/97, pp. 359-380.
  • Bernhard Sicken:  Lohbauer, Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 121 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Karl Walter: Rudolf Lohbauer in his Swiss and Berlin years 1833 to 1873. In: Journal for Württemberg national history . 20th year 1961, pp. 290-343.
  • Karl Walter: Rudolf Lohbauer. In: Max Miller (Ed.): Life pictures from Swabia and Franconia . Volume IX, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1963, pp. 188-217.

Web links

Commons : Rudolf Lohbauer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

Remarks
  1. ↑ Life data according to the article in the NDB. In contrast, Hans Koeniger mentions 1855 as the year of his mother's death.
  2. ↑ only grandfather mentioned in Conversations-Lexikon 1833.
  3. ↑ On the history of the Corps des Guides.
  4. ↑ See Hans H. Krummacher (Ed.): Eduard Mörike - Works and Letters (1833–1838). Volume 7, Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-608-33070-4 , note on p. 599 on books.google.de
  5. ↑ Referred to as the editor in Wilhelm Waiblinger, Hans Königer (Ed.): Works and Letters. 39, JG Cotta, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7681-9950-9 , p. 819
    As leader in Bernhard Sicken: Lohbauer, Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, p. 121 f.
  6. ↑ See German Press and Fatherland Association
Individual evidence
  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Bernhard Sicken:  Lohbauer, Rudolf. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-428-00196-6 , p. 121 f. ( Digitized version ).
  2. ^ W. Lang: Rudolf Lohbauer . In: Württemberg quarterly for regional history . NF 5, 1896, p. 149–188 ( as PDF on Commons ).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Hans Königer: Note 228,13 in: Wilhelm Waiblinger: Works and Letters , Volume 39, JG Cotta, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7681-9950- 9 , pp. 818f. Google Books
  4. ↑ W. Lang, 1896, pp. 151, 162.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f F. A. Brockhaus (Ed.): Conversations-Lexikon . the latest time and literature. 2 of 4. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1833, p. 918–920 ( on books.google.de ).
  6. ^ W. Lang, 1896, p. 150.
  7. ↑ a b W. Lang 1896, p. 152.
  8. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 151.
  9. ↑ a b W. Lang 1896, pp. 152–154.
  10. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 157.
  11. ↑ a b W. Lang 1896, p. 160.
  12. ↑ a b W. Lang 1896, p. 162.
  13. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 164.
  14. ↑ W. Lang 1896, pp. 164-168.
  15. ↑ a b c d e W. Lang 1896, p. 170f.
  16. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 179.
  17. ↑ a b W. Lang 1896, p. 184.
  18. ↑ a b c d W. Lang 1896, pp. 187f.
  19. ↑ Eduard Mörike: Note 48.20 about Maria Mayer in Eduard Mörike . Works and letters (1811–1828). Ed .: Hans H. Krummacher, Herbert Meyer, Bernhard Zeller. tape 10 . Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-12-909320-6 , p. 380 f . ( on books.google.de ).
  20. ↑ Robert Seidel: Facts and Fictions: Strategies of Fictional Biographical Poet Representation in Novels, Drama and Films since 1970 . Mannheim contributions to linguistics and literary studies. Ed .: Christian von Zimmermann. tape 48 . Gunter Narr Verlag, Tübingen 2000, ISBN 3-8233-5648-8 , p. 81 ( on books.google.de ).
  21. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 181.
  22. ↑ W. Lang 1896, p. 177.
  23. ^ Wilhelm Waiblinger: Works and Letters . Ed .: Hans Königer. tape 39 . JG Cotta, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-7681-9950-9 , pp. 819 ( on books.google.de ).
personal data
SURNAME Lohbauer, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lohbauer, Rudolph
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German publicist, military theorist and painter
DATE OF BIRTH April 14, 1802
PLACE OF BIRTH Stuttgart
DATE OF DEATH May 15, 1873
Place of death Solothurn