Ruvuma (region)

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Ruvuma
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Basic data
Country Tanzania
Capital Songea
surface 64,393 km²
Residents 1,376,891 (2012)
density 21 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2 TZ-21

Coordinates: 11 ° 0 ′  S , 36 ° 0 ′  E

Ruvuma is one of the 31 regions in Tanzania . The capital is Songea . The region borders the Njombe and Morogoro regions in the north, the Lindi region in the northeast , the Mtawara region in the east, Mozambique in the south and Malawi in the west .

Mbamba Bay on Lake Malawi

geography

Ruvuma is 64,393 square kilometers and has around 1.4 million inhabitants (as of 2012). The region lies in the southern highlands of Tanzania, 300 to 2000 meters above sea level. To the west lies Lake Malawi , which also forms the border with Malawi. The lake lies in the western arm of the East African Trench , from its banks the land rises to the Matengo plateau up to 2000 meters high. In the north are the Lukumburu Mountains, also 2000 meters high. To the south, the land sinks to the Rovuma River , which gave the district its name. It forms the border with Mozambique and flows east into the Indian Ocean . Important tributaries are Njuga, Likonde, Ngembambili and Lukimwa. The district is one of the coolest in Tanzania, the maximum temperature is usually 27 degrees Celsius. There is a distinct rainy season that starts in November and lasts until the end of April. Especially the months June to September are very dry. The climate is subtropical, Cwa according to the effective climate classification .

Ruvuma is divided into three agro-ecological zones:

  • Highlands: The mountainous northern and western parts of the region have annual rainfall of 1000 to 1500 millimeters, which falls mainly in the rainy season.
  • Mittelland: The very hilly zone at an altitude of 800 to 1500 meters above sea level connects to the highlands and has rainfall of 1100 to 1300 millimeters per year.
  • Lowlands: The flat land is only broken up by gentle hills, is 600 to 900 meters above sea level and it rains 900 to 1200 millimeters a year.
Climate table Songea
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 27 26.9 26.6 25.7 24.5 23.2 22.7 24.1 26.4 28.4 29.1 27.8 O 26th
Min. Temperature (° C) 18.2 18.1 17.9 17.3 14.7 12.4 12 13.1 14.8 16.7 18.2 17.8 O 15.9
Temperature (° C) 22.6 22.5 22.2 21.5 19.6 17.8 17.3 18.6 20.6 22.5 23.6 22.8 O 21st
Precipitation ( mm ) 266 262 270 136 15th 1 5 0 2 11 74 222 Σ 1,264
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
27
18.2
26.9
18.1
26.6
17.9
25.7
17.3
24.5
14.7
23.2
12.4
22.7
12
24.1
13.1
26.4
14.8
28.4
16.7
29.1
18.2
27.8
17.8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		266
262
270
136
15th
1
5
0
2
11
74
222
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: climate-data.org

history

Ruvuma has had its current form since 1966, when Tanzania was reorganized into twenty regions. The internal division into districts has changed since then. Namtumbo has been a separate district since the census in 2002, which was separated from Songea. The Nyasa district was split off from the neighboring Mbinga district in 2012. Average annual population growth has decreased from over three percent in the period before 1988 to just under two percent since 2002.

Administrative division

The region is divided into five districts and eight councils (Madaba DC, Mbinga (DC), Mbinga (TC), Nyasa (DC), Namtumbo (DC), Songea (DC), Songea (MC), Halmashauri ya Wilaya ya Tunduru) :

Districts of the Ruvuma region
District Residents

1988

Residents

2002

Residents

2012

Area 1)

km 2

Tunduru 170,320 247.055 298.279 18,778
Songea 339.163 287.790 377.130 12,454
Mbinga 270.392 292.241 353,683 7,736
Namtumbo - 175.051 201,639 21,765
Nyasa - 111,578 146.160 3,660

1) The area data differ in different sources.

population

Different ethnic groups live in Ruvuma, the most widespread are Matengo , which make up over sixty percent of the population in the Mbinga district. Wanyasa, Wamanda and Wapoto live mainly on Lake Malawi, Nguni are the largest ethnic group in the city of Songea and Wayao in the Tunduru district.

The gender ratio was 94, that is, for every hundred women there were 94 men. The literacy of the over-five-year-olds is 76 percent for men and 71 percent for women (as of 2012).

Facilities and services

  • Education: There are 783 primary schools, 764 state schools and 19 private schools in the Ruvuma region. 5306 of the 8831 required classes are available (as of 2016). Ninety percent of school-age children were in school in 2017. The number of secondary schools is 146.
  • Health: There were four hospitals, 22 health centers and 209 pharmacies (as of 2017) for the medical care of the population.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture in Ruvuma

Three quarters of the population over ten years old are employed in agriculture. This is followed by trade and commerce with around eight percent and mining with three percent.

Agriculture

Agriculture is mainly done by small farmers. The yield is relatively high as good seeds and fertilizers are used. Corn, sunflowers and soybeans are marketed, coffee in the Minga district and cashew nuts in the Tunduru and Namtumbo districts. The main crop for personal consumption is maize, which is grown on over sixty percent of the arable land, followed by cassava, rice and beans. Farm animals are kept by half of all households, especially poultry, cattle and goats.

forestry

The 1,283,870 hectares of forest take up twenty percent of the country's area. They not only serve the timber harvest, but are also the basis for 38,000 beehives. A quarter of farmers are also involved in forestry.

Malawi cichlids

fishing

The number of households living on fishing is low at two percent. In 2015, 4662 fishermen were registered, mainly on Lake Malawi, but also on the larger rivers Ruhuhu, Ruhuji, Lukimwa, Ruvuma, Mwambesi, Nampungu and Muhuwesi. 266,000 tons of fish were caught with 2,436 fishing boats. Lake Malawi is known to aquarists for its variety of colorful cichlids. In 1996 Tanzania exported 50,000 aquarium fish to Europe.

production

Most of the businesses in Ruvuma are small businesses with fewer than fifty employees. About half of the businesses were flour mills, more than a quarter were carpenters (as of 2015).

Infrastructure

Earth Road to Lake Malawi (2012)
  • Streets: Five streets start in a star shape from the capital, Songea. One to the west to Lake Malawi, one to the south to Mozambique. The road to the east leads across the region to Tunduru and on to the neighboring region to the Indian Ocean. To the northeast, a road leads to Ifakara in the Mororgoro region and to the northwest, the road leads to the capital Dodoma via Njombe and Iringa.
  • Electricity: Since the commissioning of the 220 kV line in 2018, which connects Ruvuma with the national network in the Njombe region, the region has had a stable electricity network.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ History | Ruvuma region. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  2. ^ Climate in Ruvuma, Tanzania. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Songea climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Songea weather averages - Climate-Data.org. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  4. ^ Ruvuma Region Investment Guide. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2019, pp. 16-18 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  5. ↑ 2002 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS- General Report. June 15, 2006, accessed November 12, 2019 .
  6. ^ Nyasa District, Poverty and Environment Initiative. (pdf) Economic and Social Research Foundation, 2015, p. 3 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  7. ^ Tanzania Regions. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  8. ^ A b Tanzania Regional Profiles, 10 Ruvuma Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 15 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  9. ^ Ruvuma Region Socio-Economic Profile. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 1997, p. 2 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  10. ^ Ruvuma Region Socio-economic Profile. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, December 1997, p. 6 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  11. Jump up ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 10 Ruvuma Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 19, 63 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Education Service | Ruvuma region. Retrieved November 12, 2019 .
  13. ↑ a b Statistics | Ruvuma region. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  14. ^ Ruvuma Region Investment Guide. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2019, pp. 18-19 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  15. ^ Ruvuma Region Investment Guide. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2019, pp. 21-23 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  16. Jump up ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 10 Ruvuma Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 128,130 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  17. ↑ a b c Ruvuma Region Investment Guide. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2019, pp. 26–28 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  18. ↑ National Sample Census of Agriculture, Ruvuma Region, 2002/2003. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, December 2007, p. 67 , accessed on November 13, 2019 .
  19. Jump up ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 10 Ruvuma Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 131 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  20. ↑ Andreas Spreinat: Lake Malawi cichlids from Tanzania . Ed .: Hollywood Import & Export Inc. 1995, ISBN 978-3-931328-00-9 .
  21. ^ Ruvuma Region Socio-Economic Profile. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 1997, p. 62 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .
  22. ^ Trunk Roads Network. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  23. ^ Ruvuma Region Investment Guide. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2019, p. 6 , accessed on November 12, 2019 .