Mara (region)

Mara
Basic data
Country	Tanzania
Capital	Musoma
surface	30,150 km²
Residents	1,743,830 (2012)
density	58 inhabitants per km²
ISO 3166-2	TZ-13
politics
Regional Commissioner	Adam Kighoma Malima

Coordinates: 2 ° 0 ′  S , 34 ° 0 ′  E

Mara is one of the 31 regions of Tanzania with the capital Musoma . Mara borders the Kagera region (across Lake Victoria ) to the west and Kenya to the north . To the east is the Arusha region and to the south are the Mwanza and Shinyanga regions .

The Mara River (aerial view)

Lake Victoria near Musoma

geography

The region covers 30,150 km² (7,500 km² of which is water) and has around 1.7 million inhabitants (as of 2012). It is located in the north of the country and its name is derived from the Mara river of the same name . This rises in Kenya, flows through the region from east to west and flows into Lake Victoria. Mara has short rainfall between September and January, a long rainy season from February to June and two dry seasons in between. The geographical height drops from east to west:

• Highlands: The Tarim highlands in the east are 1500 to 1800 above sea level. During the two rainy seasons, annual rainfall of around 1500 millimeters falls.
• Hill country: It connects to the highlands to the west and has wide meadows with an average rainfall of 1000 millimeters per year.
• Sea zone: It lies along Lake Victoria about 10 to 15 km inland at 1100 to 1200 meters above sea level and has precipitation of 700 millimeters per year.

According to the effective climate classification , Mara has mainly a tropical savannah climate (Aw).

Climate table Musoma Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 28 28.5 28.5 27.9 28 27.7 27.5 27.6 28.3 28.9 28.1 27.8 O 28.1 Min. Temperature (° C) 18.5 18.7 18.6 18.3 18th 17.2 16.8 17.3 18th 18.7 18.6 18.4 O 18.1 Temperature (° C) 23.2 23.6 23.5 23.1 23 22.4 22.1 22.4 23.1 23.8 23.3 23.1 O 23 Precipitation ( mm ) 63 77 125 185 117 27 18th 18th 34 59 115 82 Σ 920 Source: climate-data.org

history

The region as it is today was founded in 1963 from the former East Lake Province.

Districts of the Mara region

Administrative division

The Mara region is divided into six districts:

District	Residents 1988	Residents 2002	Residents 2012
Tarime	331,790	273,555	339,693
Serengeti	111,689	176.057	249,420
Musoma	240.005	244.269	312,683
Bunda	201.164	258.930	335.061
Rorya	n / A	217.176	265.241
Butiama	n / A	193.410	241.732

population

The population of Mara consists of many different ethnic groups, such as the Ikizu, Ikoma, Isenye, Jita, Kabwa, Kiroba, Kurya, Kwaya, Luo , Nata, Ngoreme, Ruri, Simbite, Sizaki, Sukuma , Taturo (Datoga) and Zanaki. In 2012 almost fifty percent of the population was under 15 years old and only five percent were older than 60. The literacy rate is 75 percent for men and 69 percent for women (as of 2012).

Facilities and services Education: In 2015 there were 792 primary schools (41 of which were private schools) and 195 secondary schools (of which 32 were private) in the Mara region. There are also four colleges for teacher training and a branch of Arusha University, which opened in 2009. Sixty percent of those over five spoke Swahili, and eleven percent spoke English and Swahili. Health: There is a hospital, 41 health centers and 241 pharmacies in the region. Water: In 2015, 52 percent of the population had access to clean water.

Economy and Infrastructure

Of those over ten, 62 percent were employed, ten percent in the household (cooking, hygiene, care), 21 percent in training, three percent unemployed and four percent unable to work. Of the employees, 83 percent worked in agriculture (as of 2012). Agriculture More than half of the households active in agriculture practiced arable farming and cattle breeding, just under half only arable farming. 0.3 percent lived from cattle breeding alone. Around three quarters of the 500,000 hectares of available agricultural land were used. Of this, 100,000 hectares were used for permanent crops, mainly for coffee and bananas. 300,000 hectares were planted with annual fruits and vegetables, 57 percent in the short and 43 percent in the long rainy season. The main varieties were corn, millet, tuberous fruits (cassava and sweet potato), oil seeds and vegetables. Most of the livestock were cattle, goats, sheep and chickens (status 2007/2008). Fishing Only 1.3 percent of households make a living from fishing. But more than eighty percent eat fish at least once a week.

Serengeti National Park

Local road over the Sand River to Kenya

tourism

The main attraction for tourists is the Serengeti National Park, which is visited by 350,000 tourists annually (as of 2013).

Infrastructure

• Road: There is a road network of 5037 kilometers in the region. Of these, 412 kilometers are main roads, about half of which are asphalted and half are gravel. Of the 862 kilometers of regional roads, 35 kilometers are paved, the rest is gravel or clay (as of 2013).
• Airport: The airport in the capital, Musoma, has a daily connection to Nairobi. It offers flights to local airports in the Serengeti and the Grumeti Game Reserve.

Nature reserves, sights

• Serengeti National Park : The Serengeti National Park was established in 1951 and declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 . It is 14,763 square kilometers and is known for the annual migration of 1,300,000 wildebeest, 150,000 gazelles and 60,000 zebras. With the adjacent Ikorongo and Grumeti game reserves, there are 9,452 square kilometers of reserves in Mara, which is almost half of its land area.
• Lake Victoria : At 69,484 square kilometers, the lake is the largest lake in Africa. It is 1134 meters above sea level and contains over 200 species of fish, the most famous being the tilapia .
• Mwalimu Nyerere Butiama Museum : Museum of the first President of Tanzania in his hometown of Butiama, fifty kilometers southeast of Musoma.

First President Julius Nyerere

Personalities

• Julius Nyerere : First President of Tanzania was born in Butiana in 1922
• Joseph Sinde Warioba : Politician
• Dickson Marwa : long distance runner

Web links

Mara region

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Mara Region, History. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed November 1, 2019 (Swahili). 
2. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. IX , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
3. ↑ National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008: Regional Report - Mara Region. University of Minnesota, July 2012, p. 1 , accessed November 1, 2019 . 
4. ^ Climate Data, Mara. Retrieved November 1, 2019 . 
5. ↑ Home | MARA REGION. Retrieved February 3, 2020 . 
6. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 16 , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
7. ↑ John Ndembwike: Tanzania: Profile of a Nation . 1st edition. New Africa Press, Dar es Salaam 2009, ISBN 978-9987-9308-1-4 , pp. 25 .
8. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 20 , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
9. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 64 , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
10. ^ Mara Region, Services, Education. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed November 1, 2019 (Swahili). 
11. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, p. 70 , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
12. ^ Mara Region, Services, Health. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed November 1, 2019 (Swahili). 
13. ^ Mara Region, Services, Water. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed November 1, 2019 (Swahili). 
14. ↑ Tanzania Regional Profiles, 20 Mara Regional Profiles. (pdf) The United Republic of Tanzania, 2016, pp. 87, 95 , accessed on November 1, 2019 . 
15. ↑ National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008: Regional Report - Mara Region. (pdf) University of Minnesota, pp. X – XVI , accessed November 2, 2019 . 
16. ↑ National Sample Census of Agriculture 2007/2008: Regional Report - Mara Region. University of Minnesota, July 2012, pp. IX, XVIII , accessed November 1, 2019 . 
17. ↑ The number of visitors to the Serengeti National Park increases every year. September 6, 2013, accessed November 2, 2019 . 
18. ^ Mara Region, Services, Infrastructure. The United Republic of Tanzania, accessed November 1, 2019 (Swahili). 
19. ↑ Flightradar24, Musoma. Retrieved November 2, 2019 . 
20. ^ Serengeti National Park. Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed November 2, 2019 . 
21. ↑ Lake Victoria. Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed November 2, 2019 . 
22. ^ Nyerere Home and Museum at Butiama. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .