Salomon Schweigger

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Salomon Schweigger portrait in the travelogue (print from 1608)

Salomon Schweigger (born March 30, 1551 in Haigerloch ; † June 21, 1622 in Nuremberg ) was a Protestant preacher and traveler to the Orient. He wrote a famous travelogue and the first German-language translation of the Koran .

Life

His father Heinrich Schweigger was a notarius (court and town clerk ) and praefectus pupillorum (superior to the orphans in Sulz). Salomon first attended the monastery schools in Herrenalb and Alpirsbach and from 1573 studied theology and classical philology at the University of Tübingen . In 1576 he broke off his studies and traveled with an Austrian embassy from Vienna to Constantinople , where he spent several years. In 1581 he traveled via Egypt to Jerusalem and Damascus and from there via Crete and Venice back to Sulz .

After returning from Jerusalem, Schweigger was pastor in the city of Grötzingen from 1581 to 1589 (today: a part of the city of Aichtal in the Esslingen district ). His first marriage was to Susanna Michaelis from Memmingen, who gave birth to his first son Immanuel (father of the Nuremberg sculptor Georg Schweigger ) in 1583 and died in Grötzingen in 1585. On September 13, 1585, Salomon Schweigger married Elisabetha Vischer in Grötzingen . His son Solomon was born there on September 16, 1588, and his descendants lived in Nuremberg .

In 1589 Salomon Schweigger was appointed to the patronage parish of Wilhermsdorf in Middle Franconia by the imperial baron Heinrich Hermann von Schutzbar, called Milchling , who himself had visited Jerusalem 20 years before him, and finally in 1605 to the service of the Frauenkirche by the Nuremberg magistrate . Here he worked for 17 years. He died in 1622 and was buried in the Rochus cemetery in Nuremberg .

Travel description

View of Constantinople in the travelogue (print from 1639)

Schweigger gained fame through his "Newe Reyßbeschreibung aus Teutschland nach Constantinopel", which appeared in 1608. Salomon Schweigger entered the service of the evangelical baron Johann Joachim von Sinzendorf in Graz and traveled with him as an embassy preacher to Constantinople, where the embassy arrived on New Year's Day 1578. This embassy from the Habsburg Emperor Rudolf II to Sultan Murad III. was one of many between the 2nd Austrian Turkish War (1566–1568) and the 3rd Austrian Turkish War (1593–1606).

In this travel diary, Schweigger vividly and vividly describes his personal experiences and also provides interesting insights into life in the Ottoman Empire at that time . He reports of an audience with the Sultan, of the “court servants”, of a political murder, a “worthless astronomo”, of jugglers, bath houses , fires, of the “stupid” music of the Turks , their food, customs, buildings, hospitals, “ Children's schools ”and“ The Turk's acquaintance with God and their Mahomet's arrival, life and death ”.

Koran translation

Salomon Schweigger is also the author of the first German version of the Koran . In 1616 the work "The Turk Alcoran, Religion and Superstition" appeared. In the Ottoman Empire, Schweigger had come across an Italian translation of the Koran, which apparently had a certain circulation among Christians living there. Schweigger translated it from Italian, but did not publish it until long after his return to Nuremberg (1616; 2nd edition 1623, further editions without naming in 1659; 1664). He translated the first Italian version from 1547 by Andrea Arrivabene, which in turn was based on a Latin translation by Robert von Ketton from the 12th century, although Schweigger surprisingly did not use the Latin text. Schweigger's German translation of the Italian translation of the Latin translation of the Arabic Koran was itself translated into Dutch in 1641 and printed in Hamburg.

literature

  • Bernhard Ebneth:  Schweigger, Solomon. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , p. 45 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Heyd :  Schweigger, Salomon . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 33, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, p. 339 f.
  • Heidi Stein: Salomon Schweigger: To the court of the Turkish sultan. Leipzig 1986.
  • Peter Burschel : Space, time and the confession of ritual: a Lutheran pastor in the Ottoman Empire. In: Marinos Sariyannis (Ed.): New trends in Ottoman Studies. Papers presented at the 20th CIÉPO symposium Rethymno, 27 June - 1 July 2012. University of Crete & Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Rethymno 2014, ISBN 978-960-93-6188-0 , pp. 455-468 ( online ) . (English)
  • Valentin Schweigger: Genealogy of the Schweigger family. Handwriting Nuremberg 1879.
  • Nejat Göyünç: Salomon Schweigger ve Seyahat-nâmesi (Salomon Schweigger and his travel report). In: Tarih Dergisi (İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakanschesi), Volume 13, No. 17/18, pp. 119–140 ( online ). (Turkish)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schweigger, Salomon: A new description of Reyß aus Teutschland to Constantinopel and Jerusalem ... Nuremberg 1608, digitized UB Heidelberg A new description of Reyß aus Teutschland to Constantinopel and Jerusalem. Salomon Schweigger, 1639 (complete with googlebooks)
  2. ↑ From enmity to friendship: Austrian and Turkish cultural relations (In the footsteps of the Ottomans in Austrian history) ( Memento of the original dated February 7, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Nejat Göyünç, Vienna Eastern European Studies, Volume 14. Frankfurt am Main 2002 (Peter-Lang Verlag) p. 87-98 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.otw.co.at
  3. ↑ Al-Koranum Mahumedanum: That is, the Turk's religion, law, and blasphemous teaching : With a written refutation of the Jewish fables, Mahumedian dreams; foolish and seductive human status: Dabey at the entrance of Mahumed's arrival, made doctrine, and spread of the same: then the laws and ceremonies of the Alcoran, including the fictional paradise, finally an appendix, of which Christians now live in Greece, religion and change, side by side necessary registers. by Salomon Schweigger, Endter, edition from 1659 (complete with googlebooks)
  4. ↑ a b From Luther to Rückert - The Koran in Germany: A long way from polemics to poetic translation (PDF; 991 kB) by Hartmut Bobzin, Akademie Aktuell 01/2010
  5. ↑ Translatio, disputatio, and the first Latin Qur'an (PDF; 27 kB) by Anthony Pym (Published as “The First Latin Qur'an, Disputation, and the Second Person of a Translation”, Tradurre le sacre verità. La traduzione dei testi religiosi / Translating Divine Truth. The Translation of Religious Texts, ed. Stefano Arduini, 1995-96, 173-183)
  6. ↑ De Arabische Alkoran: door de Zarazijnsche en de Turcksche prophete Mahometh, in three onderscheyden deelen begin: van der Turcken religie, ghelove, aelmoessen, vasten, ghebeden, bedevaert na Mecha, met t'samen sijn gods-diensten, end ceremonies, bet end right / uyt de Arabische Spraecke nu nieuwelijcks in Hooghduytsch ghetranslateert met t'samen een anhanghende voorreden, door Salomon Swigger ... end neitherom uyt het Hooghduytsch in Nederlantsche spraecke ghestelt. 1641, anonymous, Hamburg.

Web links

Wikiquote: Salomon Schweigger  - Quotes
personal data
SURNAME Schweigger, Salomon
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Salomon Schweiger from Sulz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Protestant preacher and traveler to the Orient
DATE OF BIRTH March 30, 1551
PLACE OF BIRTH Haigerloch
DATE OF DEATH June 21, 1622
Place of death Nuremberg , Middle Franconia