San Bernardino da Siena (Rome)
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : |
Saint Bernard of Siena |
| Consecration day : | April 16, 1625 |
| Address: |
Via Panisperna |
San Bernardino da Siena , also called San Bernardino ai Monti or San Bernardino in Panisperna in Rome , is a small church in Rome . It was built in the first quarter of the 17th century and has been the official parish church of Rome-based Chinese Roman Catholic since 2003 . It stands on the remains of ancient buildings and is known for its fresco decoration .
Location and name
The church is located in the 1st Rione , the Roman district of Monti , about 400 meters east of the Trajan's Forum in almost the immediate vicinity of Sant'Agata dei Goti . It has both nicknames from its location in Rione Monti, the other from Via Panisperna , on which it is located with its north-facing facade.
History and building history
The church was built on the initiative of the Roman nobleman Gregoria Principessa di Santacroce . It was completed and consecrated in 1625. Immediately next to it there was a monastery consecrated to St. Veneranda with an oratory . For this monastery, Pope Clement VIII ordered that Franciscan Terziarinnen from the monastery of Sant'Eufemia should settle here.
An antique round domed room was found during the work for the church. The diameter of the current dome corresponds exactly to that of the ancient hall. During further excavations in the first half of the 18th century, the remains of ancient buildings were found, including those with mosaics on the floors and wall paintings.
facade
The facade, which is very simple for Roman churches, has two storeys. On the upper and lower floors, the area is framed by pilasters according to the Tuscan order . The portal is covered by a segmented gable above the inscription , and small volutes are added as decorative elements on both sides of the door frame . The middle part is slightly protruding, in the lower part a framed rectangular window breaks through the wall, on the upper floor an unframed one. The cornices are cranked in accordance with the facade design, as is the simple triangular gable that closes the facade at the top.
Interior and outfit
The facade as well as the other visible areas of the buildings hide the conditions inside insofar as the church was built in the pattern of a central dome building over a circle as a basic structure. Pairs of pilasters placed twice, again in the Tuscan order, structure the space between the two diagonally opposite side chapels on each side. Only the pilasters of the choir chapel placed on both sides follow the Ionic order , the capitals are also decorated with festoons . The cornice is slightly cranked, the dome is not visible from the outside and has no lantern. The side chapels are covered by barrel vaults.
The parapet between the cornice and the dome, as well as the lower part of the actual dome shell, is painted to simulate a pseudo-architecture . The subject of the dome fresco is a glory of St. Bernardine , a work by the baroque painter Bernardino Gagliardi from 1638. The dome shell is broken by four windows.
The first chapel on the right, facing the high altar, contains a depiction of the stigmatization of St. Francis of Assisi on the altarpiece , the artist is unknown. The side walls of the chapel are frescoed, the left hand side shows the approbation of the Franciscan rule and right hand St. Francis gives his rule to Jesus Christ . A painting with four figures of saints - they are the saints Agatha , Antonius , Francis of Assisi and Clare - is above a side door. It comes from the Roman mannerist Giovanni Baglione .
In the second chapel on the right the altarpiece contains a representation of St. Veronica . This chapel is also frescoed, on the right with a Christ on the cross , in the upper zones of the side walls on both sides there are representations of the tools of suffering , each made using the grisaille technique .
The first chapel on the left contains a depiction of Saints Helena and Diego on the altar panel , a work by Giovanni de 'Vecchi . The two frescoes on the side walls depict the death of the saint and Mary appears to the saint .
The front left side chapel contains depictions of various saints on the inner surfaces of the pilasters, the fresco on the left side wall depicts the birth of Mary .
The vault over the apse of the choir chapel is the work of the Ferrarese painter Clemente Maiola , a pupil of Pietro da Cortona . It depicts God the Father and saints . The frescoes on the sides of the altarpiece are also by Maiola, on the left the sermon of St. Bernardine , on the right the death of St. Bernardine .
Cardinal Guglielmo Sirleto is buried in the church ; he was the librarian of the Vatican Library and died in 1585.
literature
- Walter Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. 1st volume. Hollinek Brothers Publishing House, Vienna 1967.
- Antonio Nibby: Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII. Parte prima Moderna, Rome 1839.
- Mariano Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma. Rome 1891.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 212.14.136.135 ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. P. 448.
- ↑ Buchowiecki gives a Cardinal Mellini, given the consecration date this does not seem possible.
- ^ Armellini: Le Chiese di Roma. P. 203.
- ↑ Nibby: Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII. P. 129.
- ↑ Nibby: Roma nell'anno MDCCCXXXVIII. P. 130; at Buchowiecki "G. Gagliardi ”, probably flawed.
- ↑ a b c Buchowiecki: Handbook of the Churches of Rome. P. 449.
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 45.4 " N , 12 ° 29 ′ 21.4" E