Beach carnation

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Beach carnation
Beach carnation (Armeria maritima subsp.maritima)

Beach Thrift ( Armeria maritima subsp. Maritima )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Leadwort family (Plumbaginaceae)
Genre : Carnation ( armeria )
Type : Beach carnation
Scientific name
Armeria maritima
( Mill. ) Willd.
Sand carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Elongata ), habitus
Sand carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Elongata ), flower head
Calamine Thrift ( Armeria maritima subsp. Halleri )

The beach Thrift ( Armeria maritima ), very often Ordinary Thrift called, is a plant that belongs to the family of plumbaginaceae belongs (Plumbaginaceae). Contrary to what its name suggests, it is not a carnation . It is a typical floral element of the salt marshes on the seashore. They excrete the salt through special glands on the leaf surface. The plant was previously used as a remedy for epilepsy because of its plumbagin content , which is very irritating. It is often planted as an ornamental plant in gardens.

description

The beach carnation is a perennial and often grows cushion-like as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and can reach heights of up to 50 cm. It forms a beet root. With a width of only 1 to 3 mm, their very narrow, linear foliage leaves are reminiscent of leaves of grass and are one or rarely three-veined. The leaves are somewhat hairy, which should serve as protection against evaporation. The outer, blunt, sometimes more, sometimes less pointed bracts of the flower head usually do not protrude above them. The petals are pink to purple in color. It blooms between May and October. The heterostyle flowers are pollinated by numerous species of insects. The fruits are spread out by the wind or by Velcro.

Occurrence

The beach carnation grows mainly on dunes of the sea coasts (primarily the elongata subspecies ), on salt marshes, sandy and silicate dry grasslands , dry forests and on soils contaminated with heavy metals (especially the halleri subspecies ). There the plant can reach toxic concentrations of up to 0.7% zinc and 0.15% lead. While it occurs scattered in northern Germany on both the North Sea and the Baltic Sea coast, it is very rare in the interior. That is why it and its subspecies are classified in hazard class 3 on the Red List of Germany's vascular plants. The plant is under nature protection and is specially protected according to BArtSchV . The beach carnation is also widespread across the northern and southern hemisphere, and even occurs in parts of Antarctica and Greenland.

Systematics

The species Armeria maritima is very rich in shape and the beach carnation is now divided into several subspecies, some of which were previously considered to be independent species:

  • True beach carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Maritima ): has relatively short outer bracts, which are only about 10 mm long, are pointed or blunt and shorter than the inner ones and are green on the back. Their leaves are only 1 to 1.5 mm wide, indistinctly single-nerved, fleshy and often ciliate. The inflorescence stem is often somewhat hairy. The flower heads reach a diameter of 15 to 20 mm. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18. It is a species of the Armerion maritimae association.
  • Sand carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Elongata (Hoffm.) Bonnier ): has larger outer bracts than subsp. maritima , these are 10 to 25 mm long, lanceolate and pointed long. The flower heads reach a diameter of 18 to 25 mm. The pointed leaves are 5 to 12 cm long and 2 to 3 mm wide and have one nerve. The inflorescence stem is always bare. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18. It is a type of character of the Armerio-Festucetum trachyphyllae.

Further subspecies are the following:

  • Calamine carnation ( Armeria maritima subsp. Halleri (Wallr.) Rothm. ): The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18. It is a character species of the Armerion halleri association.
  • Purple Grasnelke ( Armeria maritima subsp. Purpurea (WDJ Koch) Á Löve & D. Löve. ): The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
  • Armeria maritima subsp. serpentini (Gauckler) Rothm. : The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
  • Armeria maritima subsp. bottendorfensis (A. Schulz) Rothm. : The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18. It is a character species of the Armerietum bottendorfensis.
  • Armeria maritima subsp. hornburgensis (A. Schulz) Rothm. : It is a character species of the Armerietum hornburgensis.

Common names

The following other common names are or have been used for the Armeria maritima plant species , sometimes only regionally : mountain grass flower, mountain carnation, goldröseln ( Tyrol ), grass flower ( Silesia ), grass fillet ( East Frisia ), grass fillet ( butjaden ), grass carnation ( Pomerania ), hare's pod (Pomerania), Hamblaum ( Wangerooge ), Kittelknopf ( Fehrbellin ), Kubb-Blömmk ( Helgoland ), sea grass flowers ( East Prussia ), large sea grass, sea nails, seagull flower (Helgoland), Pingsterblöm (East Friesland), pink witch ( Waldbrühl ), sand carnation Tyrol), seagrass (East Prussia), seagrass flowers (East Prussia), sedge nails, seaweed, sea carnation, straw flower ( Bremen ) and Winsfeld roses ( Fusch im Pinzgau).

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  2. ^ Beach carnation. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  745-746 .
  4. ↑ Armeria maritima subsp. bottendorfensis at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 39, online.

Web links

Commons : Beach carnation ( Armeria maritima )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files