Sandy herbs

Sandy herbs
	Mountain Sandwort ( Arenaria montana )
Systematics
	Eudicotyledons
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order :	Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family :	Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily :	Alsinoideae
Genre :	Sandy herbs
Scientific name
	Arenaria
	L.

The arenaria ( Arenaria ) are a genus within the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae). The 150 to 300 species occur mainly in the temperate and colder regions of the northern hemisphere ( Holarctic ).

description

Vegetative characteristics

These are mostly smaller, often cushion-forming, mostly annual or perennial, rarely biennial herbaceous plants , more rarely subshrubs . Often rhizomes are present. The opposite leaves are undivided and with entire margins, but otherwise of very different shapes: lanceolate to rounded. The leaf blade has one or three to five leaf veins.

Generative characteristics

Flower of the sandwort ( Arenaria serpyllifolia )

The flowers stand alone or in small numbers together in inflorescences, these usually have the shape of dichasias or coils . The mostly small, radial symmetry flowers are four or five-fold with a double flower envelope . The mostly five mostly completely free and mostly green sepals are 2 to 5 mm long. In contrast to many other representatives of the Alsinoideae subfamily , the five mostly white petals are pointed or rounded at the front, but not edged and not divided into two parts. Some species lack petals. There are two circles with each (rarely four in Arenaria livermorensis or less) usually five stamens . The most three, rarely five carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown with numerous ovules . There are as many styles as 0.5 to 2 mm as carpels.

The capsule fruits open with six (or less often ten) short teeth and rarely contain only one, usually five to 35 seeds. The brown to dark brown or black, mostly kidney to almost circular seeds are wingless or narrowly winged.

Occurrence

The sandy herbs are found with around 150 to 300 species mainly in the temperate and colder areas of the northern hemisphere ( Holarctic ). There are 102 species in China , 79 of them only there. In North America , only nine species are native. Some species are also found in the Andes as far as Patagonia .

Arenaria acerosa

Arenaria aggregata

Arenaria alfacarensis

Balearic sandwort ( Arenaria balearica )

Two-flowered sandwort ( Arenaria biflora )

Arenaria bryophylla in Nepal at 5200 meters above sea level

Ciliate Sandwort ( Arenaria ciliata )

Arenaria conimbricensis

Arenaria deflexa

Arenaria erinacea

Large-flowered sandwort ( Arenaria grandiflora )

Arenaria katoana

Arenaria lanuginosa

Arenaria merckioides

Arenaria pseudofrigida

Arenaria purpurascens

Arenaria rhodopaea

Common sandwort ( Arenaria serpyllifolia )

Arenaria tetraquetra

Systematics

The genus Arenaria was established by Carl von Linné . The botanical genus name Arenaria is derived from arena for sand and refers to the locations of some species. Synonyms for Arenaria L. are: Brewerina A.Gray , Cernohorskya Á.Löve & D.Löve , Gooringia F.N.Williams , Gouffeia Robill. & Castagne ex Lam. & DC. , Spergulastrum Michx. , Willwebera Á.Löve & D.Löve .

The genus Arenaria belongs to the tribe Alsineae in the subfamily Alsinoideae within the family Caryophyllaceae .

Closely related genera, which some authors have also included in the Arenaria s. l. are included are: Eremogone Fenzl (about 90 species), Mier ( Minuartia L. about 175 species) and umbilical chickweed ( Moehringia L. about 25 species); then Arenaria contains s. st. about 210 species. This is a controversial issue.

The species-rich genus Arenaria is divided into ten sub-genera and these are often divided into sections and series. The subgenus Odontostemma contains more than half of the species.

Here is a selection of around 150 to 300 Arenaria species:

Arenaria acerosa Boiss. : It only occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria acutisepala F.N.Williams : It occurs only in Turkey.
Aegean sand herb ( Arenaria aegaea Rech. F. ): It occurs in Greece, in the Aegean Sea and in Turkey.
Heaped sandwort or gregarious sandwort ( Arenaria aggregata (L.) Loisel. ): It occurs in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Algeria and Morocco.
Arenaria alfacarensis Pamp. : It only occurs in Spain.
Algarve sandwort ( Arenaria algarbiensis Welw. Ex Willk. ): It occurs only in Portugal and Spain.
Arenaria alpina Porter & JMCoult.
Arenaria angustifolia McNeill : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria angustifolioides Kit Tan & Sorger : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria angustisepala McNeill : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria antitaurica McNeill : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria arcuatociliata G. Lopez & Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria armeniaca Boiss. : It only occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria armerina Bory : It occurs only in Spain and Morocco.
Arenaria arundana Gallego : It occurs only in Spain.
Arenaria balansae Boiss. : It only occurs in Turkey.
Balearic sand herb ( Arenaria balearica L. ): It occurs only in the Balearic Islands, Italy, Sardinia and Corsica.
Arenaria benthamii Fenzl ex Torr. & A.Gray : It only occurs from the southern United States to northern Mexico.
Bertoloni's sandwort ( Arenaria bertolonii Fiori ): It occurs only in Italy, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica.
Two-flowered sandwort ( Arenaria biflora L. )
Arenaria blepharophylla Boiss. : It only occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria bryophylla Fern. : It occurs in the Himalayas; It rises on Mount Everest at altitudes of up to 6180 meters, making it one of the highest rising flowering plants .
Arenaria capillipes (Boiss.) Boiss. : It is an endangered endemic to southern Spain.
Arenaria cariensis Carlström : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria cassia Boiss. : It occurs only in the Middle East.
Arenaria cavanillesiana (Font Quer & Rivas Goday) Nieto Fel. : It only occurs in Spain.
Arenaria cephalotes M.Bieb.
Arenaria cerastioides Poir. : It occurs only in Spain, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
(Actual) ciliate sandwort ( Arenaria ciliata L. ): It is widespread in Europe.
Gray sandwort ( Arenaria cinerea DC. ): It occurs only in France.
Arenaria conferta Boiss. : It occurs only in Albania, Greece and the former Yugoslavia.
Arenaria conimbricensis bread. : It occurs only in Portugal and Spain.
Arenaria controversa Boiss. : It only occurs in France.
Arenaria cretica Spreng. : It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula, in Greece and Crete.
Arenaria cucubaloides Sm . : It occurs only in Turkey and Armenia.
Arenaria davisii McNeill : It only occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria deflexa Decne. : It occurs only in Greece, the Aegean and in the Middle East.
Arenaria delaguardiae G. Lopez & Nieto Fel. : It only occurs in Spain.
Arenaria dianthoides Sm .: It occurs in the Middle East.
Arenaria drypidea Boiss. : It only occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria dyris Humbert : It occurs only in Morocco.
Arenaria eliasiana Kit Tan & Sorger : It occurs only in Turkey.
Arenaria emarginata bread. : It occurs only in Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco.
Arenaria erinacea Boiss. : It only occurs in Spain.
Arenaria favargeri (Nieto Fel.) G.López & Nieto Fel. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria filicaulis Fenzl : It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula, in Bulgaria, in the Aegean Sea, in Crete and in Turkey.
Arenaria fontqueri Cardona & JMMonts.-Marti : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria fragillima Rech. F. : It occurs in Greece, Crete, Cyprus and in the area of Lebanon and Syria.
Arenaria gionae Gustavsson : It occurs in Greece.
Arenaria gothica Fr .: It occurs only in southern Sweden and western Switzerland.
Arenaria gracilis Waldst. & Kit. : It occurs in Croatia and Albania.
Arenaria graminea C.A.Mey.
Large-flowered sandwort ( Arenaria grandiflora L. ): It occurs in Switzerland, Austria, the Czech Republic, Italy, France and Spain.
Arenaria graveolens Schreb. : It occurs in Greece, in the Aegean and in Turkey.
Arenaria guicciardii Boiss. : It occurs in Greece, in the Aegean and in Crete.
Arenaria gypsophiloides L. (Syn .: Eremogone gypsophiloides (L.) Fenzl ): It occurs in Bulgaria, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Arenaria halacsyi Soon. : It occurs in the former Yugoslavia.
Arenaria hispanica Spreng. : It occurs in Morocco and Spain.
Arenaria hispida L .: It occurs in France.
Arenaria holostea M.Bieb.
Little sandwort ( Arenaria humifusa Wahlenb. ): It occurs in Sweden, Norway, Northern Russia, Svalbard , Greenland and Canada.
Huter Chickweed ( Arenaria huteri A.Kerner ): It occurs in Italy.
Arenaria imbricata lag.
Arenaria isaurica Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria kotschyana Fenzl : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. : It is found in the southern United States, southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Venezuela, Peru, and Argentina.
Arenaria ledebouriana Fenzl : It occurs in Turkey.
Thin-stemmed sandwort or tender sandweed ( Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss. )
Arenaria leucadia Phitos & Strid : It occurs in Greece.
Arenaria libanotica Boiss. : It occurs in the area of Lebanon and Syria.
Arenaria ligericina Lecoq & Lamotte : It occurs in Spain, Andorra and France.
Arenaria livermorensis Correll : This endemic is only known from the Davis Mountains in the Trans-Pecos region in western Texas and thrives at altitudes of 2100 to 2500 meters.
Arenaria longifolia M.Bieb.
Arenaria longipedunculata Hultén : It occurs in northern North America and Asia.
Arenaria ludens Shinners : It occurs only in Texas and the northern Mexican state of Coahuila.
Arenaria luschanii McNeill : It occurs in Turkey and in the Aegean Sea.
Arenaria lychnidea M.Bieb.
Arenaria macrosepala Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria mairei Emb .: It occurs in Morocco.
Alpine Sandwort or Salis Marschlins Sandkraut ( Arenaria marschlinsii (A.Kern.) WDJKoch ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Slovenia.
Arenaria modesta Dufour : It occurs in Morocco, Spain, France and Corsica.
Arenaria moehringioides Murr : It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Austria.
Arenaria mons-cragus Kit Tan & Sorger : It occurs in Turkey.
Mountain sandwort ( Arenaria montana L. ): It occurs in Morocco, Portugal, Spain and France.
Multi-stemmed ciliated sandwort or multi-stemmed sandweed ( Arenaria multicaulis L. )
Arenaria muralis (Link) Blast. : It occurs in Greece, on Crete and in the Aegean.
Arenaria nevadensis Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria norvegica Gunnerus : It occurs in Iceland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden and Finland.
Arenaria obtusiflora Kunze : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria olloixii Jahand. & al. : It occurs in Morocco.
Arenaria orbicularis Vis. : It occurs in Croatia.
Arenaria oscensis (Pau) P.Monts. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria paludicola B.L.Rob. : It occurs from California through central Mexico to Guatemala.
Arenaria pamphylica Boiss. & Hero. : It occurs in Turkey, in the area of Lebanon and Syria and in Cyprus.
Arenaria patula Martrin-Donos
Arenaria peloponnesiaca Rech. F. : It occurs in Greece.
Arenaria phitosiana Greuter & Burdet : It occurs in Greece.
Arenaria pocutica Pawlł.
Arenaria pomelii Munby : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria and Spain.
Arenaria procera blast. (Syn .: Arenaria biebersteinii Bad. ): With the subspecies:
- Grass-leaved sandwort ( Arenaria procera Spreng. Subsp. Procera , Syn .: Arenaria procera subsp. Glabra (FNWilliams) J.Holub , Arenaria graminifolia Schrad. , Arenaria micradenia P.A. Smirn . ): It occurs in Central Europe, in Eastern and Southeastern Europe and in Siberia before.
- Arenaria procera subsp. pubescens (Fenzl) Jalas (Syn .: Arenaria pineticola Klokov ): It occurs in European Russia and Ukraine.
Arenaria pseudacantholimon Bornm. : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria pseudofrigida (Ostenf. & OCDahl) Schischk. & Knorring
Arenaria pungens Lag . : It occurs in Morocco and Spain.
Purple Sandwort ( Arenaria purpurascens DC. ): It is found in Spain and France.
Arenaria querioides Willk. : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Arenaria racemosa Willk. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria retusa Boiss. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria rhodia Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey, Cyprus and the Aegean Sea.
Arenaria rhodopaea Delip. : It occurs in Bulgaria.
Arenaria rigida M.Bieb.
Arenaria rotundifolia M.Bieb. : It occurs in Romania, Bulgaria, the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan.
Arenaria runemarkii Phitos : It occurs in the Aegean Sea.
Arenaria sabulinea Fenzl : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria saponarioides Boiss. & Balansa : It occurs in Crete, Cyprus and Turkey.
Arenaria scariosa Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Common sandwort ( Arenaria serpyllifolia L. )
Arenaria sipylea Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria sivasica Kit Tan & Sorger : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria speluncarum McNeill : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria steveniana Boiss.
Arenaria szovitsii Boiss.
Arenaria tenella kit. : It occurs in Slovakia.
Arenaria tetraquetra L .: It occurs in the Pyrenees (Spain and France).
Arenaria tmolea Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria tomentosa Willk. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria tremula Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey, in the area of Syria and Lebanon and in the area of Israel and Jordan.
Arenaria uninervia McNeill : It occurs in Turkey.
Arenaria valentina Boiss. : It occurs in Spain.
Arenaria vitoriana Uribe-Ech. & Alejandre : It occurs in Spain.

literature

Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler, Frederick H. Utech: Arenaria - the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae , part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-522211-3
Wu Zhengyi & Warren L. Wagner: Arenaria , p. 40 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 6 - Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2001. ISBN 1-930723-05-9 (Description and Systematics Sections)
Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
Arthur Oliver Chater, Geoffrey Halliday: Arenaria L. In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 140–148 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Arenaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler, Frederick H. Utech: Arenaria - text same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu K. Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. Arenaria. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
^ David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 , p. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 6 Caryophyllaceae (Alsinoideae and Paronychioideae). Helsinki 1986, ISBN 951-9108-05-X .

Web links

Commons : Sand Herbs ( Arenaria ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

The species occurring in Austria with links to profiles.

[GRIN-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Arenaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 25, 2017.

[FoNA-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler, Frederick H. Utech: Arenaria - text same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 5 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 2 , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2005, ISBN 0-19-522211-3

[Euro+Med-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu K. Marhold, 2011: Caryophyllaceae. Arenaria. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .

[Mabberley2008-4] David John Mabberley: Mabberley's Plant-Book. A portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses. 3. Edition. Cambridge University Press 2008, ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4 , p. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Jalas1986-5] Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae. Volume 6 Caryophyllaceae (Alsinoideae and Paronychioideae). Helsinki 1986, ISBN 951-9108-05-X .