Big meadow button

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Big meadow button
Great meadow button (Sanguisorba officinalis)

Great meadow button ( Sanguisorba officinalis )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba )
Type : Big meadow button
Scientific name
Sanguisorba officinalis
L.

The Great Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba officinalis ), also known as the Great Wiesenknopf , is a species of plant from the genus Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba ) within the rose family (Rosaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

Illustration from:
Carl Axel Magnus Lindman (1856–1928): Pictures for the north flora
Imparipinnate foliage leaf

Appearance and leaf

The Great Wiesenknopf grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 120 centimeters. The upright stem is round, grooved and glabrous, sometimes the base is hairy. The basal and alternate leaves on the stem are stalked and unpinnate, with three to six pairs of leaflets . The upper side of the leaf is dark green, the underside blue-green. The basal stipules are brown and membranous. The stipules on the stem are large, herbaceous and serrated to a point.

Flowers and fruit

Floral diagram
inflorescence

The upright cephalic inflorescences have a length of 1 to 6 centimeters and a diameter of 0.5 to 1 centimeter. They contain about 20 to 40 flowers that bloom from the tip towards the base. The bracts are lanceolate and shorter to almost as long as the sepals. There are cover sheets . The hermaphrodite flowers are reduced. The four sepals are dark red-brown, purple to pink, red or white. Petals are missing in this species. The four stamens have thin stamens that are half to the same length as the sepals.

Seeds

The fruit is wrapped in the four-ribbed flower cup.

The flowering time and fruit ripening is between July and November.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 14, 28 or 42.

Synecology

Biologically homogeneous "nectar-bearing disc flowers" are present. The insect visit is lively; but spontaneous self-pollination is also possible.

The females of the dark blue ants ( Phengaris nausithous ) as well as the light blue ants ( Phengaris teleius ) lay their eggs on the still unopened flower heads of the big meadow. The moths use a laying tube for this. When the caterpillar hatches, it eats a passage along the flower spindle, which it spins out with silk to hold the flower head together. The caterpillar feeds only the beginning of the Great Burnet and then can be of ants of the genus Myrmica adopt .

Occurrence

The Great Wiesenknopf has a Eurasian distribution. It occurs from the Atlantic coast in France to East Asia (southern China). In Northern Europe this species is almost completely absent or at least very rare.

The Großer Wiesenknopf can be found in the colline to subalpine altitude range (in the Central Alps up to 2300 meters). In the Allgäu, however, it rises much less, only at Riezlern in the Kleiner Walsertal up to 1170 m. The Großer Wiesenknopf is a typical type of wet meadows with varying degrees of moisture and moorland meadows. In terms of plant sociology, it is assigned to the pipe grass meadows (Molinion ) and the marsh marigold meadows (Calthion) .

ingredients

The above-ground parts of the plant are rich in flavonoids , sterols and triterpenes . There are also tannins with the characteristic main components casuarine and sanguinine . The seeds are oily and contain linoleic and linolenic acids . The roots contain sanguisorbins (triterpenes).

Use in herbal medicine

The herb contains flavonoids , sterols , triterpenes and tannins (casuarine and sanguinine). The seeds are oily and contain linoleic and linolenic acids. Sanguisorbine (triterpenes) are contained in the roots. In folk medicine , herbs and roots were used to treat wounds and against diarrhea because of their tannin content. The botanical genus name Sanguisorba ( sanguis for blood and sorbere for sucking in) indicates a hemostatic effect. According to the doctrine of signatures, the blood-red color of the flower heads was also a sign of the hemostatic properties of the plant, also known as blood droplets . In many areas the Great Wiesenknopf is part of the herb consecration .

Homeopathic preparations are still used today for varicose veins, bleeding during menopause and diarrhea. The fresh young leaves and shoots are still occasionally used as a salad addition or as a vegetable . As a rule, however, preference is given to the spicy, nutty-tasting leaves of the Little Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba minor ).

toxicology

In experiments, mice showed acute toxic effects on contact with increased concentrations of the tannin fraction of Sanguisorba officinalis . Influences on the female hormonal system were also found. In the context of the usual concentrations in herbal medicine, there have been no reports of side effects or interactions.

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literature

  • Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Sanguisorba. Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 , Sanguisorba officinalis , pp. 385 (English, online ). (Section description)
  • Stefan Eggenberg, Adrian Möhl: Flora Vegetativa. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2007, ISBN 978-3-258-07179-4 .
  • Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner: Flora Helvetica. 3rd revised edition. Paul Haupt, Bern / Stuttgart / Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-258-06313-3 .
  • Swiss Confederation for Nature Conservation (Ed.): Butterflies and their habitats.
  • Hildemar Scholz (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd completely revised and expanded edition. Volume IV Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3) (Rosaceae, 2nd part) . Blackwell, Berlin / Vienna a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-8263-2533-8 .
  • Mannfried Pahlow: The great book of medicinal plants. Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-7742-4231-3 .
  • Rudolf Schubert a. a. (Ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 7th heavily revised and supplemented edition. Volume 2: Vascular Plants , People and Knowledge, Berlin 1972.
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Pages 546-547. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  2. ↑ Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 700 .
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 61.
  4. ^ A b Association for Medicinal and Spice Plants SALUPLANTA eV Bernburg (ed.): Handbook of Medicinal and Spice Plant Cultivation. Volume 1, self-published, 2009, ISBN 3-935971-54-0 .
  5. ^ A b Arnold Werner: Large Wiesenknopf - Sanguisorba officinalis.
  6. ↑ Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants. Special edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-440-12932-6 .

Web links

Commons : Großer Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba officinalis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files