Sânmartin (Arad)

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Sânmartin
Sanktmartin
Szentmárton
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Sânmartin (Arad) (Romania)
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Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Screeching area
Circle : Arad
Municipality : Macea
Coordinates : 46 ° 25 '  N , 21 ° 21'  E Coordinates: 46 ° 24 '59 "  N , 21 ° 20' 53"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Residents : 2,200 (2002)
Postal code : 317211
Telephone code : (+40) 02 57
License plate : AR
Structure and administration (as of 2008)
Community type : Village
Structure : Macea , Sânmartin
Mayor : Ioan Mercea

Sânmartin (Arad) ( German  Sanktmartin , also Aradsanktmartin , Hungarian Szentmárton ) is a village in Arad County , Romania . It belongs to the municipality of Macea .

Geographical location

Location of Sanktmartin in the Arad district

Sanktmartin is located in the west of the Arad district, 27 kilometers north of the district capital Arad , not far from the Curtici border crossing , on the border with Hungary .

Neighboring places

Elec Pilu Chișineu-Criș
Kevermes Neighboring communities Șimand
Macea Curtici Sântana

history

In a document from 1374, the name Zenthmarthun was first mentioned in writing as a settlement in Zarand County . At the beginning of the 18th century the village was completely destroyed as a result of the Turkish wars. In 1720 Johann Georg Haruckern became the new landlord of extensive lands, including the area around Szent Marton . Harruckern settled his lands in 1724 with settlers from Franconia , the Upper Palatinate , the Rhine Palatinate and the Black Forest . After the death of his father, Baron Franz von Harruckern took over the property and the office of the senior team. The second settlement of Sanktmartin was carried out in 1744 by Baron Franz von Harruckern.

After the border shift in 1920 as a result of the Trianon Peace Treaty , Sanktmartin found itself in an unfavorable border situation. Many farmers now had part of their fields in Hungary, mostly in Elek, and had to cross the border almost every day, which was associated with difficulties. In September 1944, 350 people fled westwards from the approaching Russian army. Most of them settled in Germany and Austria . Those who did not flee were expropriated in 1948 after all able-bodied men between the ages of 17 and 45 and women between the ages of 18 and 32 had been deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor in January 1945 . In the 1960s, the wave of resettlements to Germany began, which continued after the 1989 revolution .

Culture and economy

The new settlers of Sankt Martin were Roman Catholic. In 1755 Baron Franz von Harruckern had a church built, which was inaugurated by the Tschanader Bishop Franz Anton Engl Graf von Wagrain in 1756 in honor of Saint Martin . In 1910 the church was given its present form as a result of an extension.

The first school building with two classrooms was located in the immediate vicinity of the church. In 1930 a new school building with four classrooms was built opposite the church. In the mid-1960s, a new building with four classrooms was added. Initially, the lessons were held in German . After the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867, the language of instruction was gradually changed to Hungarian . From 1907 until the First World War, only Hungarian was taught. After 1920, when Saint Martin fell to Romania, the language of instruction was Romanian . From 1940 to 1944 the school was administered by the German ethnic group in Romania and German was reintroduced as the language of instruction. From the school year 1948/49 onwards, all denominational schools were nationalized. In the state schools, instruction was given in the mother tongue of the national minorities. In the 1980s, the Sanktmartin general school was one of the largest German schools in the Arad district. Today there are no more German classes in Sanktmartin due to a lack of students.

The vast majority of the residents of Sanktmartin were employed in agriculture . In addition, the commercial stock developed . Craftsmen , merchants , two mills and a timber shop covered the needs of the community members. In 1901 the consumer cooperative was founded and in 1930 the producer and sales cooperative , which primarily stimulated the dairy industry and pig breeding . From 1938 there was the credit union , which also promoted the economy with cheap loans.

Demographics

count nationality
year population Romanians Hungary German other
1880 2334 60 68 2178 28
1910 2757 30th 56 2602 69
1966 2612 330 11 2236 35
1977 2469 189 15th 2079 186
1992 1767 1197 57 198 315
2002 2200 1734 61 74 331

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Varga E. Census data for Arad county 1880 - 1992 (PDF; 784 kB)