Sant'Eustachio (Rome)
| Basic data | |
|---|---|
| Patronage : | Saint Eustachius |
| Architect : | various |
| Title Church: | About 600 |
| Cardinal Deacon : | Sergio Sebastiani |
| Built | 8th century |
| Rite: | Roman rite |
| Address: | Piazza di S. Eustachio, 82, 00186 Roma, Italy |
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 55.2 ″ N , 12 ° 28 ′ 32.6 ″ O Sant'Eustachio is a Roman Catholic titular diaconia and a minor basilica in Rome , which is dedicated to Saint Eustachius . It's located on Via di Sant'Eustachio, one block west of the Pantheon , and Via della Rotonda, one block east of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza and Via della Dogana Vecchia. The VIII. Rione (district) Sant'Eustachio is named after her.
history
The church was probably built in the 8th century, possibly a little earlier. The church was named as a diakonia at the end of Pope Gregory II's pontificate . It is also mentioned in some documents from the 10th and 11th centuries, where it is mentioned as “in platana” (between the plane trees ), which refers to the trees in the garden of the holy martyr Eustance. The Emperor Constantine I had built an oratory on the same site . This church was called " ad Pantheon in regione nona e iuxta templum Agrippae " (at the Pantheon in the IXth quarter and near the temple of Agrippa).
The church was restored and a campanile was built next to it. At the end of the 12th century during the pontificate of Pope Celestine III. (1191–1198) the relics of the saint were deposited there. In the 16th century the church was Philipp Neri's preferred place to pray. It was completely rebuilt in the 17th and 18th centuries. Only the campanile remained from the old church. The church was built in the Roman Baroque style. The architects Cesare Corvara and Giovanni Battista Contini (1641–1723), who added chapels and the portico , Antonio Canevari (1681–1750), Nicola Salvi (1697–1751) and finally from 1728 Giovanni Domenico Navone carried out the work. The new altar was designed in 1739 by Nicola Salvi from bronze and multicolored marble and Ferdinando Fuga built a canopy over it in 1749 . The choir and sacristy were designed by Canevari and built by Giovani Moscati.
In 1918 the church was elevated to a minor basilica.
facade
The facade, built under the direction of Cesare Corvara († 1703) and with the help of other architects, consists of two sections, with the upper part set back a little. The lower part has four pilasters and two columns , all with an Ionic capital and a small deer head in the middle. The spirals of the volutes are connected with small laurel wreaths. On the right side a plaque was placed in memory of the Tiber flood, which reached as far as the basilica, in 1495.
The upper section is divided by four pilasters with a large spiral on each side. Above is a triangular pediment with circular windows in the middle, surrounded by palm branches and overlooked by a crown. A deer's head on the gable carries a cross between the antlers.
The square Romanesque campanile is on the left at the rear of the church. It was built in 1196. The lower part is older and is dated to around 1090.
inner space
The nave has a cruciform floor plan . It was executed by Cesare Corvara and Antonio Canevari in the high baroque style. The nave is framed on each side by three pilasters adorned with fluted white marble and finished with composite capitals .
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The rib vault is decorated with flowers and leaves. The Holy Spirit is depicted at the intersection of the dome.
The high altar was commissioned by Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini from the architect Nicola Salvi. The altar is made of an elegant and refined synthesis of marble and gilded metal. The altar plate rests on a porphyry vessel with the relics of St. Eustachius. Francesco Ferdinandi (1679–1740) painted the altarpiece in 1727, which is called l'Imperiali . It depicts the martyrdom of Saint Eustachius and his family who were boiled to death in a bronze bull sculpture in 118 with boiling water. The gilded wooden canopy was made around 1747 by Ferdinando Fuga (1699–1781).
The rear of the church is completely occupied by the organ, which was built by Johann Conrad Werle in 1767. The gilded balustrade and the wooden front of the organ were made in the Rococo style by Bernardiono Mammucar, Francesco Michetti and Calo Pacilli. The repentant Magdalena by Gabriel and Lois gesta di Tolosa from the last decade of the 19th century is shown in a glass window above the organ .
The pulpit was made from multi-colored marble in 1937.
right side
- The chapel of the Holy Family dates from 1854. The altarpiece by Pietro Gagliardi (1809–1890) shows the Holy Family in Jerusalem. On the right wall is the marble tomb with a bust of Luigi Greppi († 1673), who was an exemplary member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Sacrament. On the left side of the altar is a statue of Saint Raymond Nonnatus , who, according to the hagiography, was appointed cardinal deacon of this church, but died on the way to Rome.
- The decoration of the Annunciation Chapel was completed in 1874. The altar dates from the 17th century and is equipped with two columns made of coral breccias and an altarpiece by Ottavio Leoni (or Lioni) (1578-1630) that depicts the Annunciation .
- The Chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus was restored between 1934 and 1937 by Corrado Mezzana (1890–1952), who created the altarpiece with the Sacred Heart of Jesus , the painting The Last Supper on the left wall and Christ on the Cross and the Saint on the right wall Longinus , piercing his heart , added.
- The right transept contains a painting of Saint Jerome on the left and the meeting between the Blessed Virgin and Elizabeth , painted by Jacopo Zoboli, on the right . The large wooden confessionals are from Corado Bezzana.
Left side
- The baptistery is next to the entrance. The baptism of Jesus is depicted on the glass window . The inscription comes from the 16th century.
- The Chapel of St. Julianus Hospitaller was renovated in 1706. On the altarpiece by Biagio Puccini (1675–1721) the saint is shown healing a leper and greeting an old pilgrim. The fresco on the ceiling is called The Eternal Father .
- The Chapel of Archangel Michael, completed between 1716 and 1719, is the largest chapel in the church. The altarpiece by Govanni Bigatti (1774–1817) depicts the Archangel Michael triumphing over Satan. On the paintings next to the altar, Saint Raimund Nonnatus and Saint Francis of Rome are depicted. On the left wall is the tomb of Teresa Tognoli Canale (1807) and on the right wall there is a tomb of Silvio Cavalleri († 1717), the private secretary of Popes Innocent XII , created by Lorenzo Ottoni . and Clemens XI. .
- The Chapel of the Immaculate Heart of Mary was renovated from 1771 by the architect Melchiorre Passalacqua and around 1800 by the sculptor Agostion Penna. Next to the altar are two marble columns in verde antico . The oval painting of the Immaculate Heart of Mary is a copy of a painting by Giovanni Battista Casanova from 1848. On the left wall hangs a copy of the painting The Flight into Egypt by Étienne de la Vallée Poussin (1774). The Holy Family (1774) by Tommaso Conca (1734–1822) is shown on the right . The fresco on the ceiling is called The Annunciation .
- The left transept contains a statue of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (second half of the 20th century)
- The Kreuzkapelle contains the grave of Don Pirro Scavizzi (1884-1964), the pastor of this church from 1919 to 1932, whose beatification is being prepared.
Cardinal deacons
Sant'Eustachio has been titular deaconry since around the year 600. The current title holder has been Sergio Sebastiani since February 21, 2001 . On February 21, 2011 he was appointed Cardinal Priest of Sant'Eustachio.
For the other titleholders see: List of Cardinal Deacons of Sant'Eustachio
Web links
swell
- Richard Krautheimer: Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae: The Early Christian Basilicas of Rome (IV-IX Cent.) (Roma: Pontificio istituto di archeologia cristiana, 1937), pp. 213-218
- Antonio Menegaldo & Vincenzo Francia: Basilica di Sant 'Eustachio in Campo Marzio
- Carla Appetiti: S. Eustachio (Roma: Edizioni Roma, 1964)
- Pasquale Adinolfi: Rione Campo Marzo, Rione S. Eustachio (Firenze: Le Lettere, 1983) [Roma nell'età di mezzo / Pasquale Adinolfi, 4]
Individual evidence
- ^ GCatholic.org: Basilicas in Italy . Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ^ David M. Cheney: Sant'Eustachio (Cardinal Titular Church) (Catholic-Hierarchy). Retrieved May 6, 2017 .