Scharpenberg (noble family, Lauenburg)
Scharpenberg or Scarpenbergh, later also Scharffenberg, was a medieval knight dynasty that has been documented at various locations in Lauenburg . Known robber barons at Castle Linau , which also Seedorf and the castle in Niendorf ad St. belonged. In addition, the family owned extensive land around their other headquarters in Rieps (Grevesmühlen district) and Pritzier (Hagenow district).
The family can also be traced in the Elbmarschen as well as in Denmark , Mecklenburg and Emsland .
In Linau
At the end of the Middle Ages, many knights had built permanent castles in northern Germany . Such a permanent castle was in the possession of the robber barons of Scharpenberg from the end of the 13th century to 1349 in Linau near Trittau . This gender is often mentioned not only in the history of Lauenburg. Around the year 1400, the Scharpenbergs also owned the Grander Mill , one of Germany's oldest watermills .
Linau Castle was particularly well fortified. According to the still existing foundation walls of the tower, these were more than two meters thick, consisting of uncut boulders, connected with Segeberger lime. The superstructure was probably made of bricks, remains of which can still be found under the surface. The Burgplatz will have been around 500 × 100 meters, not including the farm buildings, which must have been a little further away. The actual castle was on a hill of about 3½ meters. The moat, a part of which can still be seen today, was connected to the Bille . The castle afforded a good view of the old Hamburg - Lübeck road , so that the Scharpenbergs could watch the passing travelers and merchants from the height of the castle.
The von Scharpenbergs were particularly notorious and feared as robber knights under the lower nobility at the time. In order to put an end to the robberies of the Scharpenbergs, the Wendish princes and cities on the one hand and the dukes of Lauenburg on the other united in an alliance in which it was decided to attack and destroy the Lauenburg robber castles, especially those of Linau, whatever happened, but probably not thoroughly enough. The peace was made in Deitzow . In this contract it was stipulated that the defeated robber barons should razor their castles themselves.
However, this did not prevent the Scharpenbergs from quickly resolving to rebuild their castle and continue their old craft to the horror of the tortured population. During the reconstruction of the castle in 2018, a layer of fire was discovered, which proves that the castle was rebuilt in the same place. For 1308, the Lübeck chronicler Detmar mentions that the castle was restored. Then in 1312 Count Gerhard II of Holstein-Plön moved against Linau Castle and shot it with Bliden , but had to leave without having achieved anything . The castle withstood all attacks and bombardments.
14 years later, in 1326, Count Johann der Milde built Trittau Castle near the Holstein border to defend against the Linau people and put a garrison there. There was a fight in Borstorf, from which Count Johann emerged as the victor with many prisoners and rich booty, but the raids of the Linau people continued. An attack by the people of Hamburg and Lübeck on Linau Castle in 1338 was also in vain.
In 1344 the dukes of Lauenburg , Erich I and his son Erich II , tried to amicably render the Scharpenbergs harmless by buying Castle Linau from the brothers Heino and Lüdeke. The Scharpenbergs then moved to Schloss Dartsingen (now Amt Neuhaus ) on the Elbe and continued their mischief from there. After all, they even had the boldness to regain their old headquarters in an alliance with Heinecke von Brocksdorf and to continue their robberies from here. They extended their raids into the Hamburg area. How much the inhabitants of the villages in the Hamburg area had to suffer from their robberies is shown in a document from around 1350, which says:
- "... dat se roveden ere dorpe, alse Bernebeke (Barmbek), Barlebesbuthle (Barsbüttel), Jelevelde (Jenfeld) and Henniscevelde (Hinschenfelde) raise the nomen scolen: 58 ossen unde Koyge, 85 Scap, theghen unde swyn unde vormer thu Hersloh Hasloh), Hummersbüthle (Hummelsbüttel), Wedele and Rellinghe (Rellingen), and wen ere borghere guenen unde volgheden thu der Linowe na erne gueke unde have de en afgeroved weren, dat en dar nen answers en wait mer guade wort unde grote sleghe. "
In 1349, however, the Scharpenbergs, after having held their own for about 70 years, were finally put down. Counts Gerhard and Johann von Holstein, Adolf von Schauenburg, Duke Erich von Lauenburg, as well as the people of Lübeck and Hamburg, formed a state peace alliance to take action against the lower nobility, who often acted as robber barons. They besieged Linau Castle for three weeks. The people of Hamburg and Lübeck reportedly raised 2,500 men alone. Although the Scharpenbergs had stocked themselves very well, they could not withstand this overwhelming force. After the Hamburg had sent reinforcements, the Scharpenbergs surrendered on September 23, 1349. 1500 Hamburgers and Lübeckers tore down the walls and the tower, so that the Linau fortress was razed to the ground. The foundation walls of the tower are still in place today. The Scharpenbergs remained in possession of the Linau lands after their defeat.
In 1354 the brothers Lüdeke and Hermann von Scharpenberg made claims for damages to the city of Hamburg, "for all kinds of disputes that the Linau was broken." Their claims were rejected. Remains of the former Linau Castle can be seen. According to a local legend, a golden cradle and a golden chain that extends three times around the “Wischhof” are buried on Burgplatz.
100 years after the castle was destroyed, Volrad von Scharpenberg pledged the "Hof tho Linow, dat dorp darsulvest and dorp tho Wentorpe along with the Feldmark tho Ekenhorst" for 2400 thalers to Duke Bernhard of Saxony-Lauenburg for a period of 20 years. In 1471 the Scharpenbergs sold everything to Duke Johann IV . They also stayed in Lauenburg and devoted themselves to agriculture. In Niendorf an der Stecknitz, there is a family epitaph from 1614/1741 in St. Anna's Church, built in 1581 by Volrad von Scharpenberg († 1598).
In the Emsland
Erich II. Von Sachsen-Lauenburg (* 1472; † October 20, 1522) was bishop of Hildesheim from 1502/1503 and bishop of Münster from 1508 to 1522. On February 24, 1508, the Münster cathedral chapter elected Erich II as Bishop of Münster. When Erich went to Münster, he was followed by the brothers Hans and Ludger von Scharpenberg from Niendorf ad St. Ludger became Drost in Cloppenburg in 1510 , Hans became Drost of the Emsland. (The function of a drosten is roughly comparable to that of the bailiff, governor, district president or district administrator.)
Hans had been married to Heilke von Brae zu Campe for the first time, as a result of which he was given a fiefdom from the Stiftsburg Nienhaus , with which he was enfeoffed in 1524 and which was passed on to his descendants. In 1529 he was referred to as Drost zu Delmenhorst, when the abbot of the Wildeshausen Abbey enfeoffed him with a Burgmannshof in Haselünne and the Tyverding inheritance belonging to it. His Gut Heede received the name Scharpenburg after the family who owned it , although it is always only listed under the old name Rittersitz Heede in the loan letters.
Hans von Scharpenberg was no longer alive in 1537. He was followed by his son Joachim, who was enfeoffed with the Scharpenburg and the Nienhauser Burglehn that year. In a division of the estate on May 3, 1546, he ceded his property to his brother Hans, who was married to Anna von Voss zu Quakenbrück and was referred to as captain in 1557. Hans died in 1561 during the Osnabrück Lehntag and was inherited by his son Vollhardt. After Vollhardt's death, he was first followed by his eldest son, Hans Vollhardt, who was enfeoffed with the estate in 1602. However, soon afterwards he ceded the Scharpenburg with the two Burgmannslehen to his brother Engelbert, who was enfeoffed with them in 1613. He kept the estates in the Münsterland for himself and moved to his family's old ancestral estate in Niendorf ad St. In 1581, he had endowed the local chapel so generously that it could be elevated to a parish church. On April 23, 1614, his son, who was also called Hans Vollhardt, had an epitaph painted on wood, which is still preserved today, attached to it for himself and his wife Katharina von Ascheberg.
Engelbert married Tetta von Plettenberg zu Osterwedde. He suffered a lot from the tribulations of the Thirty Years' War, since the village of Heede is located on the old left-hand Semsian road from East Friesland to Westphalia, which was followed by all warring parties. When Engelbert died in 1653, this burdened Scharpenburg with a burden of debt that still worried his successors.
Engelbert left 2 daughters, of whom the elder Anna Almoed became the heir to the estate. On December 2, 1642, she married Colonel Sergeant Hermann Friedrich von Pinninck, who came from a noble Dutch family. Their descendants took the name v. Pinninck v. Scharpenburg.
In the following centuries, connected by various marriages, e.g. Sometimes they were also marked with name extensions, the property was split up into many ownership shares. The property's Fideikommiß status was canceled on August 18, 1938. The size of the property, which has been leased out in small leases for over 150 years, was last 121 hectares. On June 13, 1956, the community of heirs sold 115 hectares of the Scharpenburg property to the Hannoversche Landgesellschaft and only kept an area of 5.19 hectares including the former Burgplatz with the ancient linden tree, which, with its trunk circumference of 13.5 m and its trunk, which divides into 16 tree-thick branches at a height of 4 m, tells of the old days.
In 1973, the grave slab of Wollrath Nagell von Scharpenborg (1616–1645) was rediscovered in the old church in Heede . It bears the inscription:
- "Anno 1616 is the noble born Gestreng undt [...] ft Wollrath Nagell von Scharffenberg, heir to Scharpenborgh and Borchmann zu Haselünne, drilled in this world and Ano 1645 ahm 3. [...] fell asleep in de Heren, Deszen soul God bless you "
Left and right we find the ancestral coats of arms of the families. Left (father's side) Scharpenborg, Langen, Vosz, Klae, Kluber, Stafhors (t), Ritzerow, Vrese and right (mother's side) Plettenberg, Manninga, Nagel, Oldersum, Torck, Vrese, von Brae, Ewshum.
Fictional members of the Scharpenberg family
In the novel Die Hakima by Kari Köster-Lösche (1994 Munich), a knight Everard Scharpenberg appears as a villain. The story takes place at the beginning of the 13th century in Lübeck and the surrounding area.
The novel Die Herren von Scharpenberg by Erika Petersen (1985 Hamburg) bears the name of the noble family in the title. This story takes place in Holstein at the beginning of the 16th century , long after Linau Castle was finally destroyed in 1349. A (fictional) member of the family and main character in the novel, Sievert von Scharpenberg, plays a role in the creation of the Bordesholm Altarpiece by the sculptor Hans Brüggemann . The book also tells about the past robber baron days. Some of the members of the Scharpenberg knight family mentioned are apparently historical.
literature
- Hellmuth von Ulmann , Walter Hahn: Hikes to the mansions and estates in the Duchy of Lauenburg . Viebranz, Schwarzenbek 1981, p. 45 ff.
- Rudolf vom Bruch: The knight seats of the Emsland . 3. Edition. Aschendorff, Münster Westphalia 1962, ISBN 3-402-05131-1
- Hermann Abels: Contributions to the local history of Heeder. Edited by Alfons Dietrichsdorf from the author's estate. Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Heede, Heede 1978.
Web links
- Scharpenburg
- Grave slab of Wollrath Nagell von Scharpenborg with a detailed genealogical investigation of the von Scharpenberg family in the 16th century
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jens Ulbricht: Niendorf an der Stecknitz A village book . Ed .: Municipality of Niendorf an der Stecknitz. 1994, p. 31 .
- ↑ Scharpenberg (noble family, Elbmarschen)
- ^ Rudolf vom Bruch: The knight seats of the Emsland . 3. Edition. Aschendorff, Münster Westphalia 1962, ISBN 3-402-05131-1 , p. 32 ff .
- ↑ castle Linau on kuladig.de
- ^ Lübeck document book 2.2 (1337-1347), p. 912
- ^ Hartwig Beseler : Kunsttopographie Schleswig-Holstein , Neumünster 1974, p. 368