Hagapark
Haga Park ( Swedish : Hagaparken ) is a park in the English style in the Swedish municipality of Solna . The park on the west bank of Lake Brunnsviken in the north of the Swedish capital was created on the initiative of King Gustav III. created and borders directly on Stockholm . There are several small castle buildings , a castle ruin, several temples , museums, pavilions and Stockholm's oldest country inn. In Hagapark there is also the Royal Haga Cemetery (Kungliga gravningsplatsen) with graves of numerous members of the ruling family of the Kingdom of Sweden , including King Gustav VI, who died in 1973 . Adolf .
history
Gustav III was on a trip to Italy from 1783–1784 and thus got the idea to design the area around Brunnsviken into an Italian landscape modeled on the Campagna Romana . But during Gustav's lifetime only the park at Gut Haga was built and the project was not continued. Nevertheless, the project is reflected in other Italian names around Brunnsviken, e.g. B. in the Frescatigelände . The actual park was created between 1780 and 1797 with the help of the architects Fredrik Magnus Piper , Louis Jean Desprez , Olof Tempelman and Carl Christoffer Gjörwell as well as Louis Masreliez , who was responsible for the establishment.
Fredrik Magnus Piper (1746-1824) was the king of Gustav III. chosen architect for the royal pleasure gardens and in 1781 he presented the general plan for an English garden in Haga. The area was redesigned and smooth transitions created. The park got two of its own tree nurseries and by 1800 about 26,000 trees were planted on Haga. The park was opened to the general public in the middle of the 19th century, and since then the Hagapark has been a popular destination for Stockholmers with many sights and recreational opportunities. On the large meadow, the pelouse (French for lawn), which slopes gently from the copper tents towards Brunnsviken, the lawn is expressly allowed to walk on. There is a barbecue in summer and tobogganing in winter.
In 1935, the Hagapark buildings were recognized as historical monuments and since 1994 the park has been part of Sweden's and the world's first national city park , the Ekoparken . In the 1960s, the demolition mass from the redesign of Stockholm city center was raised to the approx. 100 meter high Hagakullen hill , from which one has a good view of Stockholm.
The park is managed by the Swedish state building authority Statens fastighetsverk and maintained by the Royal Kungliga Djurgårdens Förvaltning . The park is in such excellent condition that the Garden Society in England has chosen Hagapark as the best example of an English park in the world .
Single building from the time of Gustav III.
Haga Castle
Haga slott was initially called Drottningens paviljong (Queen's pavilion), and was built 1802–1805 for Gustav IV Adolf . The architect was Christoffer Gjörwell. The building is in the Italian villa style.
The current King of Sweden, Carl XVI. Gustaf and his sisters (the "Hagaprinzessinnen") Margaretha , Birgitta , Désirée and Christina were all born in Haga Castle. From 1947 to 2009 no royal highnesses lived here. After the death of his father, the Hereditary Prince Gustav Adolf, in 1947, the family moved to the Stockholm Palace . Haga Castle was founded in 1966 by King Gustav VI. Left Adolf to the Swedish government to serve as a guest house for prominent guests, for example on state visits.
On April 23, 2009, the Swedish government decided to leave the castle to Crown Princess Victoria and her future husband Daniel Westling as a residence. Since their wedding in 2010, Crown Princess Victoria and Prince Daniel have lived in the Haga slott, which Victoria's sister Princess Madeleine set up for them.
The copper tents
The Koppartälten is a complex consisting of three buildings, the facades of which to the south are modeled on military tents of the Roman army and are made of painted copper sheet . They were originally the guard and supply buildings of the mounted bodyguard of the royal family. The architect responsible for the construction was Louis Jean Desprez.
The middle tent fell victim to a fire in 1953 and was rebuilt from 1962 to 1964 under the direction of Ragnar Hjorth . From 1977 to 1978 the rear buildings were also renovated, this time under the direction of the palace architect Torbjörn Olsson . At the same time, the so-called silver tent was built in the previously open stable yard.
Today there are cafes, restaurants and the park museum in the "tents".
The upper haga
Övre Haga was originally built as an inn and, like the copper tent, was designed by Louis Desprez. The inn had two kitchens, three dining rooms and several guest rooms. Later additions were made under Carl Christoffer Gjörwell's management. Gustav IV Adolf had the main building converted into an orangery . In the following years another greenhouse was built, which was demolished during the renovation of the main building around 1950. The eastern extension is now used by the butterfly house, the western one burned down in 1956. The main building has been used as an artist workshop since the 1960s.
The butterfly house
Fjärilshuset opened in 1983 and is mainly known as a hall with tropical butterflies . There is also a bird house, Stockholm's oldest winter garden, Asian gardens and other facilities in the complex .
The butterfly house has had a new owner since the beginning of 2007, who wants to build systems on the 3000 square meter property that resemble sea, river and lake landscapes.
Gustav III Pavilion
Gustav III: s paviljong was built from 1787 to designs by Olof Tempelman. There was already an older building on the site, which today forms the central section of the new pavilion. As with the Great Castle of Haga, Gustav III participated. personally in the planning and construction process. He drew his own sketches and, among other things, extended both wings of the building with two window axes. The interior decoration was done by Louis Masreliez.
In the 1840s, Oskar I had the building restored by the architect Georg Theodor von Chiewitz . The Ionic columns on the gables were replaced with new ones made of Italian marble , and the dining room was designed in the style of Pompeii . Another restoration took place from 1937 to 1946 under the direction of the palace architect Ragnar Hjorth, whereby the facility was restored to its original appearance. This was possible because Masreliez's original drawings were found in the attic of the old art school. In the building is a large part of Gustav III. Library housed. Although the building is not called the castle, it is counted among the ten royal castles (castles owned by the royal family) in Sweden. Today the Pavilion of Gustav III. among the most interesting examples of the Gustavian style in Sweden.
The echo temple
Ekotemplet was built in 1790 as a summer dining room for Gustav III, who loved to dine outdoors. Under the direction of the architect Carl Christoffer Gjörwell, a specially made oval table was also created, which was placed in the middle of the building. During a renovation in 1846, a ceiling painting with erots and birds was added. At first the temple was called the green salon ; later it was named Echo Temple , as an echo arises under the arched roof of the building.
During the next renovation in 1924 under Ragnar Hjorth, the painting disappeared again under gray paint. In 1992/93 the building was upgraded again. The roof structure was renewed and the remains of the ceiling painting were transferred to the park museum.
Ruins of the Great Castle
Stora Haga slottsruin are the remains of a great pleasure palace planned by Gustav III. It should form the end of a free line of sight, a chaussée , to the southeast, over the Brunnsviken, through the northern parts of Stockholm's Norrmalm , following the Sveavägen , to the Stockholm Castle in the old town of Gamla Stan , a distance of just under five kilometers. Even today the main streets on Norrmalm run in this direction and until 1942 this line of sight was found in the plans for the renovation of Norrmalm by the Stockholm Office for Urban Planning. On August 19, 1786, the foundation stone was laid with music and singing by Carl Michael Bellman and a foundation stone walled in by the king himself. Construction work according to the plans of the architect Olof Tempelman began immediately. Initially, only a small round temple was planned.
After the laying of the foundation stone, Gustav III, who was very interested in architecture, intervened in the planning himself and enlarged the building with side wings with long rows of Corinthian columns . Now Gustav III. arrived at the very large format. The palace building was to contain theaters, ballrooms and apartments for the entire court, as well as an art museum in which the king wanted to exhibit his quite considerable collection of paintings and Roman sculptures. He had the idea on his trip to Italy from 1783–1784, inspired by the Vatican Museum. In 1787 Louis Jean Desprez took over the further planning. In 1790 construction was in full swing, despite a costly war against Russia . At times, up to 800 people worked on the large castle project. Russian prisoners of war were hired for the massive natural stone masonry base .
However, all work on the castle was in March 1792 after the murder of Gustav III. set. The unfinished foundation was covered with wooden planks, the bricks that had already been delivered were used in the same year for the wing structures at Karlberg Castle (Karlbergs slott) . Large amounts of finely chiseled granite for the skirting boards of the building were later used in the construction of the Drottningens paviljong (Haga Castle). The only things that have been completed are a gigantic cellar with no ceiling and a detailed model of the palace complex, which can be viewed in the Haga Park Museum.
The basement was thoroughly renovated in 1968 and between 1998 and 1999, large amounts of vegetation were removed and the masonry repaired. In 2007, students from the Kungliga Konsthögskolan art school surveyed the facility.
The castle ruins are now a popular setting for theater performances. The duel between Mattis and Borka in the film Ronja the robber's daughter based on Astrid Lindgren 's book of the same name was recorded here.
The Chinese pavilion
Kinesiska paviljongen was founded in 1787 by Gustav III. Completed according to plans by Louis Jean Desprez. The dragon heads decorating the roof originally wore small bells that rang in the wind, there was an octagonal table in the middle of the pavilion and four Chinese figures stood around it on stone plinths. There are only three empty bases left. In the facelift, 1974, the painted wooden kite were dummies replaced from glass fiber reinforced plastic. Some of the original kites can be seen in the park museum.
The Turkish kiosk
Turkiska kiosken was also commissioned by Gustav III. built between 1786 and 1788 and was the first new building in Hagapark. The architect was Fredrik Magnus Piper, the interior decorations were made by Louis Masreliez. Gustav III occasionally held consultations with his closest followers here. In order not to freeze, Gustav III. Create a temporary corridor between the kiosk and the royal apartment (today's Gamla Haga ), protected by fir branches and heated with tiled stoves . The kiosk was restored in 1924 and there are plans to restore the original furniture. The original furniture has been found in the inventory of the royal castles. Kiosk is Turkish and means lookout house or pleasure house.
The Finnish huts
Finnstugorna are a group of buildings in the southwest part of the park, not far from the Turkish kiosk.
Stora Finnstugan (the big Finnish hut) is a house that was already on Haga when Gustav III. 1771 bought the property. The mystical "Haga Wirtshaus", in which Gustav III. Is said to have amused himself as a crown prince, has been tracked down here through church records. The wood decorations were added during the 19th century.
Lilla Finnstugan (the small Finnish hut) originally consisted of two simple wing structures, of which the western part is still present. A renovation in 1810 gave the wings their current appearance. During the 1920s and 1930s there was a well-frequented café here.
The stable master's yard
Stallmästaregården is located in the southernmost part of Hagapark at Brunnsviken, right on the city limits of Stockholm. It is the oldest country inn in the Stockholm area that has been in operation since the middle of the 17th century. Ebbe Håkansson, stable master of Imperial Admiral Karl Karlsson Gyllenheim (illegitimate son of King Karl IX ) built his farm here. Queen Christina of Sweden loved to hunt in the Brunnsviken area. In 1645 she and her entourage passed the stable master's yard and spontaneously decided to celebrate midsummer there. This quickly made the rounds and Ebbe Håkansson opened an inn here that same year.
The current buildings were built around 1740 by Lucas Booger . At that time he also had four linden trees planted, two of which are still preserved today. Despite countless changes, Stallmästaregården has retained much of its 18th century character. The original wall and ceiling paintings, for example, have been preserved.
Today Stallmästaregården, also known as Stallis for short by the Stockholmers , with its beautiful location on Brunnsviken is a popular upscale restaurant with a hotel and conference rooms.
The park museum
Parkmuseet is located in the middle of the three copper tents. The museum consists of two smaller exhibition rooms and a larger room in which the history of Hagapark is shown in old and new pictures and plans. In the middle of the room is the large and very detailed wooden model of Gustav III. Planned but never completed summer palace Great Haga Castle (Stora Haga slott) .
The museum was opened in 1983 and renovated in 2003. Admission is free.
Haga court house
Haga tingshus (the Haga courthouse) is located in the southern part of the park, not far from Stallmästaregården . The courthouse was built between 1905 and 1907 for Södra Roslag's Domsaga , designed by architects Fritz Ullrich and Erik Hallquisth . The architectural style is in the German youth baroque. The courthouse had its original function until the end of 1970 and is now rented to a private company. In the basement of the building there is a geologically interesting formation, a 2.7 meter deep glacier mill from the Ice Age , which was discovered when the house was built and which can be seen through a cellar window. The house is a listed building.
Literature and Sources
- Tommy Hammarström, Lennart Utgren: Ekoparken: The Royal Parks of Djurgården, Haga and Ulriksdal . Bokförlaget Libris, 2004, ISBN 91-88238-49-0 u. ISBN 978-91-88238-49-8 (English).
- Hagapromenader . Free brochure, publisher: Statens fastighetsverk (Swedish).
- Elow Söderberg: Haga Lustpark . Bokförlaget Plus, 1980 (Swedish).
- Hagapromenader (Swedish brochure; PDF; 790 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ekoparken - kunglig mark, p. 87.
- ↑ According to www.citybackpackers.org ( Memento from June 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Haga slott blir prinsessbostad. SwD.se, accessed April 24, 2009 (Swedish).
Web links
- SFV Statens Fastighetsverk - Hagaparken (Swedish)
- The buildings in Hagapark on the home page of the municipality of Solna (Swedish)
- The butterfly house (Swedish)
- Stallmeisterhof restaurant
Coordinates: 59 ° 21 ′ 40 ″ N , 18 ° 2 ′ 0 ″ E
