Semjon Issaakowitsch Wolfkowitsch

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Semyon Issaakowitsch Wolfkowitsch ( Russian Семён Исаакович Вольфкович ; born October 11 . Jul / 23. October  1896 . Greg in Ananiev ; † 12. November 1980 in Moscow ) was a Ukrainian - Soviet chemist and university lecturer .

Life

Wolfkowitsch's father was a pharmacist and died in 1919. Wolfkowitsch attended the Mikhail Realschule in Moscow with graduation in 1913. Despite the graduation with honors, he was unable to start studying at a state university immediately because of his Jewish descent, so he initially studied at the Moscow City Shanjawski - People's University studied. In 1915 he became a student at the technical faculty of the Moscow Institute of National Economy (MINCh). In addition to his studies, he worked on minerals in the chemical department of the Moscow University of Technology (MWTU) as a military service provider . To secure his livelihood, he worked 1915–1916 as a technical draftsman and intern . After the October Revolution he graduated in 1920 with his thesis on the production of enriched superphosphate , after which he taught at the institute.

In 1921 Wolfkowitsch began to work at the Institute for Fertilizers of the Supreme Council for Economics , where he became laboratory manager, department head and finally vice director for scientific work. From 1926 he gave an independent lecture on minerals and fertilizer production at MINCh. 1929 appointed him the People's Commissariat of Education of the RSFSR for lecturers at the Department of Technology of the minerals. In 1930 he became a lecturer at the MWTU and after two years became head of the chair for general technology. He also lectured at the Voroshilov Academy of Chemical Defense . He was a lecturer on the first Red Directors courses . In 1934 he received his doctorate in chemical sciences without defending a dissertation .

At the Research Institute for Fertilizers (NIU) he founded numerous laboratories, set up pre-production facilities and organized training. In 1939 he was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR). In 1940 the Council of People's Commissars appointed him a member of the Scientific Council of the Gosplan and in 1941 a member of the Scientific Council of the Plenipotentiary State Committee for Defense, in which he headed one of the sections during the German-Soviet War . In 1945 he became chairman of the chemical section and a member of the Technical Council of the People's Commissariat for the Chemical Industry of the USSR . After the war he became a real member of the AN-SSSR in 1946. 1947-1980 headed Wolfkowitsch at the Lomonossow University Moscow (MGU) the chair for chemical technology with appointment as professor 1950.

The focus of Wolfkowitsch's scientific work was the chemical technology of mineral fertilizers . In 1921, together with JI Schukowski, he carried out experiments on the sublimation of phosphorus in electric furnaces, on the basis of which appropriate industrial furnaces were then designed . For several years he led the research into ammonium dihydrogen phosphate technology. Together with Ansel Petrowitsch Belopolski , he developed the technology for extracting soda and ammonium sulfate from mirabilite . 1932-1933 he investigated together with AF Vinokurowa the extraction of boric acid , which was then used in the NIU. He developed the extraction of potash salts from sylvinite . He was instrumental in the construction of the Khibiny Mountains - apatite -Abbauanlage and Kali Combine in Solikamsk with. At the NIU he directed all research work on the application of apatite in foreign industry. He wrote the first monograph on potash salt technology in the USSR . The workers of the potash combine elected him an honorary activist for his work.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d MGU: Вольфкович Семён Исаакович (accessed October 1, 2018).
  2. ↑ a b Russian Academy of Sciences: Вольфкович Семен Исаакович (accessed October 1, 2018).
  3. ↑ Соловьев Ю.И .: Химики о себе . ВЛАДМО, УМИЦ «ГРАФ-ПРЕСС», Moscow 2001, p. 352 .
  4. ↑ Вольфкович С.И., Шерешевский Л.И .: Концентрированные фосфорные удобрения и аммофос . In: Химическая промышленность в борьбе за урожай . 1934.
  5. ↑ Вольфкович С.И., Белопольский А.П .: Исследования в области производства соды и сулитаимма аммозледования аммонит . In: Карабогагская проблема . 1931.
  6. ↑ Вольфкович С.И .: Новые источники и пути производства борных соединений . In: Журнал Хим. Пром. 1933.
  7. ↑ Вольфкович С.И., Берлин Л., Фивег М .: Хибинский апатит, его использование в СССР юст и внедрение и внудрение в и внедрение в иорнуние в . In: Химическая промышленность в борьбе за урожай . 1934.
personal data
SURNAME Wolfkowitsch, Semjon Issaakowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Вольфкович, Семён Исаакович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian chemist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 23, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Ananyev
DATE OF DEATH November 12, 1980
Place of death Moscow