Rocket-leaf ragwort
Rocket-leaf ragwort | ||||||||||||
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![]() Rocket-leaf ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Jacobaea erucifolia | ||||||||||||
( L. ) G. Gaertn. & al. |
The rocket-leaf ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia , syn .: Senecio erucifolius L.), also called rocket-leaf ragwort , is a species of the genus Jacobaea within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It particularly thrives in calcareous semi- arid grasslands .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The rocket-leaf ragwort is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 120 centimeters. It forms runners . In the nominate form erucifolius , the central stem leaves are gray-green, pinnate, with lanceolate, usually narrow tips and without an accumulation of narrow leaf tips (ears) at the base. In the narrow-leaved subspecies Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. tenuifolia , the leaf sections are narrow-linear, rolled back at the edge and mostly fresh green on the underside.
Generative characteristics
There are numerous flower heads together in a single inflorescence. There are 13 bracts and 3 to 8 upright outer bracts that are about half as long as the bracts. The 13 ray-florets are light golden yellow.
All achenes have short hairs. The pappus is permanent.
The flowering period extends from July to September; where it occurs together with Jacob's ragwort , it blooms about six to eight weeks later than this.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
ecology
The rocket-leaf ragwort is a hemicryptophyte with a creeping rhizome . The pollination is carried out mainly by bees and flies. The diaspores , they are the achenes, are spread out by the wind (umbrella flyers).
Occurrence
This Eurasian species is partially absent in the north German lowlands . It often grows in limestone grasslands and pastures , in semi- arid grasslands or dry moorland meadows , on the edges of forests and bushes , on paths or cracks in the earth and in quarries . Rocket ragwort thrives best on base-rich , moderately nitrogen-rich loam soils . According to the Ellenberg pointer values , it is a light plant of sub-oceanic distribution and a dry pointer. The Raukenblättrige Ragwort is in Central Europe a weak association characteristic species of heat-vulnerable societies thistle (Onopordion acanthii). It occurs particularly often in semi-ruderal , disturbed societies of the associations Dauco-Melilotion, Convolvulo-Agropyrion or Mesobromion.
The rocket ragwort rises in the subspecies common rocket ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. Erucifolia ) in the Allgäu Alps in the Tyrolean part on the ascent to the Gaichtspitze up to an altitude of 1,300 meters.
Systematics
The first publication took place in 1753 under the name ( Basionym ) Senecio erucifolius by Carl von Linné . It was placed in the Jacobaea genus in 1801 by Gottfried Gaertner , Bernhard Meyer and Johannes Scherbius in the Oekonomische Flora der Wetterau , Volume 3, 1, page 208.
From Jacobaea erucifolia there are several subspecies (selection):
- Common rocket-leaf ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia (L.) G.Gaertn. & Al. Subsp. Erucifolia , Syn .: Senecio erucifolius L. subsp. Erucifolius )
- Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. arenaria (Soó) B. North. & Greuter : It occurs in Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Moldova, European Russia, Turkey and Transcaucasia.
- Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. praealta (Bertol.) Greuter & B.Nord. (Syn .: Senecio praealtus Bertol. ): It occurs in Portugal, Spain and Italy.
- Rosebay Hoary Ragwort ( Jacobaea erucifolia subsp. Tenuifolia (J.Presl & K.Presl) B.Nord & Greuter. , Syn .: Senecio erucifolius subsp. Tenuifolius (Jacq) JAV.. ): It is used in France, Corsica, Italy, in Switzerland, Germany, Croatia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 955 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 624.
- ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). In: Werner Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Jacobaea erucifolia In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
literature
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species. 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
- Michael Koltzenburg, Siegmund Seybold, Gabriele Zauner (eds.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. The comprehensive identification and information database . Verlag Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001, ISBN 3-494-01298-9 (1 CD-ROM).
Web links
- Senecio erucifolius L., rocket-leaf ragwort. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Senecio erucifolius subsp. tenuifolius (Jacq.) Jáv., Narrow-leaved rocket-leaf ragwort. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Senecio erucifolius subsp. arenarius Soó. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Senecio erucifolius subsp. erucifolius L., rocket-leaf ragwort (subspecies). In: FloraWeb.de.
- Rocket-leaf ragwort . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Senecio erucifolius L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved June 7, 2016.
- Map for worldwide distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Hultén.
- Thomas Meyer: Greiskraut data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).