Liu made his first international appearance at the 2014 Junior World Championships in Erzurum . There he won the silver medal with the relay over 3000 m. He made his debut in the Short Track World Cup at the beginning of the 2014/15 season in Salt Lake City and finished 13th over 500 m and tenth place over 1000 m. At the World Cup in Montreal and Dresden , he came second with the relay over 5000 m. At the 2015 European Championships in Dordrecht and at the 2015 World Championships in Moscow , he won the silver medal with the relay. In the 2015/16 season he won his first World Cup victory with the relay in Shanghai and also achieved third place with the relay in Montreal. At the European Championships in Sochi in 2016 , he won the silver medal with the relay, as in the previous year, and came tenth in the all-around competition. At the end of January 2016, he won the silver medal over 500 m at the Junior World Championships in Sofia . At the 2016 World Championships in Seoul , he finished in the top ten in all competitions. He won the bronze medal over 500 m and the silver medal over 1500 m. At the beginning of the 2016/17 season he won the relay in Calgary and finished second in the 1000 m. In the further course of the season he finished eight times in the top ten in the World Cup singles, including second place over 500 m and first place over 1000 m in Shanghai and third place over 500 m in Dresden and thus won the World Cup over 1000 m. He finished sixth in the 500 m World Cup. He also triumphed in Gangneung with the relay. At the 2017 European Championships in Turin , he finished fourth in the relay. In the all-around competition he also achieved fourth place with four top ten placements in the individual races, including second place over 1000 m and 1500 m. At the end of January 2017, at the Junior World Championships in Innsbruck , he won the silver medal in the superfinal over 1500 m and the gold medal over 500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m and the all- around event . At the 2017 World Championships in Rotterdam , he won the bronze medal with the relay and the silver medal over 1000 m.
In the 2017/18 season, Liu ran in seventh place in the 1000 m World Cup and fifth in the 500 m and 1500 m World Cup. He was third in Shanghai over 1000 m and in Seoul over 500 m. At the European Championships in Dresden in January 2018 , he won the bronze medal with the relay. At the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang , Liu won the gold medal in the 5000 m relay. In March 2018, he finished 14th in the all- around competition and eighth in the relay at the World Championships in Montreal . At the beginning of the 2018/19 season, he won the 1000m and relay in Calgary and ran into second place in the 500m run. This was followed by victories in Salt Lake City with the relay and the mixed relay and in Almaty over 1000 m. In addition, he came in third place over 500 m in Salt Lake City and in Almaty on second place over 500 m and thus reached sixth place in the World Cup over 500 m and third place in the World Cup over 1000 m. At the 2019 European Championships in Dordrecht , he won over 1500 m and in the all-around event the silver medal and over 500 m and with the relay the gold medal. After finishing third in the 500 m in Salt Lake City at the beginning of the 2019/20 season, he won the relay in Montreal and the 500 m in Nagoya . He also took second place over 1000 m there. In Shanghai he ran to third place over 500 m and second place over 1000 m and with the relay and finished sixth in the World Cup over 500 m and 1000 m at the end of the season. At the European Championships 2020 in Debrecen he won the silver medal over 500 m and 1000 m and the gold medal over 1500 m and in the all-around competition