Common sickle carrot

Common sickle carrot
	Common sickle carrot ( Falcaria vulgaris )
Systematics
Order :	Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family :	Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily :	Apioideae
Tribe :	Careae
Genre :	Sickle carrots ( Falcaria )
Type :	Common sickle carrot
Scientific name
	Falcaria vulgaris
	Bernh.

The common sickle carrot ( Falcaria vulgaris ), also called common sickle carrot or sickle umbel , is a species of sickle carrot ( Falcaria ) within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae).

description

Illustration from Jacob Sturm

Double-gold inflorescence

Vegetative characteristics

The common sickle carrot grows as a deciduous, annual to perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 60, rarely up to 80 centimeters. It is sparsely branched from the ground up, so that it appears almost hemispherical in outline. The aerial parts of the plant are bare and bluish-green in color.

The lower leaves are single or double pinnate and triple pinnate, the upper are triple. The middle leaflet is very deeply divided into three parts or three columns, the lateral two to three columns. The rigid blade sections are band-shaped, sharp and evenly sawn at the edge. With a length of up to 15 centimeters and a width of about 1.5 centimeters, the leaf lobes are narrowly linear-lanceolate, rigid and sharp with small bristles. Often they are curved slightly sickle-shaped. Their leaf structure is equifacial, which means that the top and bottom of the leaves are built in the same way.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period is between July and September. A 12 to 18-rayed double-ended inflorescence is formed. Usually there are four to eight awl bracts and bracts .

The hermaphrodite flowers are noticeably small. The white petals are quite small with a length of about 0.6 millimeters.

The split fruit is a double achane . The ribbed fruit is linear-oblong with a length of 3 to 4 millimeters.

There is diploidy and the number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

ecology

The common sickle carrot is usually a scleromorphic hemicryptophyte and a half-rosette plant. It is a xerophyte adapted to drought .

In terms of flower biology, it is “nectar-bearing disc flowers of the Heracleum type”. Flies and beetles act as pollinators . The umbel rays move from day to night ( nyctinastia ).

The diaspores are spread by the wind, with the whole plant moving like a steppe roller . Random spreading by ungulates also takes place. Vegetative propagation occurs through root shoots.

Foliage leaf infected by the rust fungus Puccinia sii-falcariae

The common sickle carrot is often attacked by the rust fungus Puccinia sii-falcariae , which stimulates the leaves to produce nectar. Insects attracted by this spread the spores of the fungus.

Occurrence

Falcaria vulgaris occurs from Central Europe through Southern and Eastern Europe to Western Siberia and Southwest Asia . It is a sub-Mediterranean-Eurasian floral element .

The common sickle carrot is found scattered in northeast, central and southern Germany and is absent in northwest Germany. In Austria, the common sickle carrot occurs frequently in the Pannonian region , otherwise it is scattered or rarely. The occurrences extend to the federal states of Vienna , Lower Austria , Burgenland , Upper Austria , Styria and, very rarely, Carinthia . It is very rare in Switzerland and threatened with extinction.

The common sickle carrot is found scattered in the fringes of sunny bushes, on paths and field margins, also in hackweed societies or fallow land . It thrives best on dry, lime-rich, deep raw soil .

According to Ellenberg , it is a half-light plant, a heat pointer, a dry pointer, a base and lime pointer. It has a subcontinental distribution. It is a type of character of the association of semi-ruderal pioneer and loose lawn societies (Convolvulo-Elymion (= Agropyrion) repentis). According to Oberdorfer , it is a character species of the Falcario agropyretum, but also occurs in societies of the associations Caucalidion, Fumario Euphorbion or in disturbed dry grasslands.

Common names

For the common sickle carrot the other German-language trivial names exist or existed : Bacilien, Faule Grete ( Württemberg , Silesia ), Faule Griete ( Mark Brandenburg ), Faule Gritte (Mark Brandenburg), Sichelkraut, Sichelmöre (Silesia to Alsace ) and Sperrkraut (Mark at Küstrin ).

photos

Foliage leaves
Foliage details
Habit, blooming
fruit
Steppe roller
Stems with predetermined breaking points

swell

literature

Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 369 .
Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 , p. 557 .
Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 , pp. 709 .
Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 , p. 1007 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., Ordinary sickle carrot. In: FloraWeb.de.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Konrad von Weihe (Ed.): Illustrated Flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 , p. 1007 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 201 .
↑ ^a ^b Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 369 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 709 .
↑ Falcaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 9, 2018.
^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 850 .
↑ Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (= UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .
^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 151. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Common Sickle Carrot ( Falcaria vulgaris ) - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
Common sickle carrot . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
Falcaria vulgaris Bernh. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swedish).
Falcaria vulgaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Günther Blaich: Photos of European plants. Data sheet with photos.

[FloraWeb-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Falcaria vulgaris Bernh., Ordinary sickle carrot. In: FloraWeb.de.

[Garcke-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Konrad von Weihe (Ed.): Illustrated Flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 , p. 1007 .

[Düll2005-3] Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 201 .

[Haeupler-Muer2000-4] Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 , pp. 369 .

[Oberdorfer2001-5] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 709 .

[GRIN-6] Falcaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 9, 2018.

[EfÖLS2008-7] Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 850 .

[Ellenberg-8] Heinz Ellenberg : Vegetation of Central Europe with the Alps in an ecological, dynamic and historical perspective (= UTB for science. Large series . Volume 8104 ). 5th, heavily changed and improved edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8252-8104-3 .

[Pritzel1882-9] Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 151. ( online ).