Skowarnki
| Skowarnki | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Pomerania | ||
| Powiat : | Człuchów | ||
| Gmina : | Debrzno | ||
| Geographic location : | 53 ° 36 ' N , 17 ° 5' E | ||
| Residents : | 186 (March 31, 2011) | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 59 | ||
| License plate : | GCZ | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | DK 22 : → Człuchów | ||
| Rail route : | no rail connection | ||
| Next international airport : | Danzig | ||
Skowarnki (German Schönwerder , also Sonowardar or Szonwardt ) is a village in the Polish Pomeranian Voivodeship and part of the rural community Debrzno ( Prussian Friedland ) in the powiat Człuchowski ( Schlochau district ).
Geographical location
Skowarnki is located in Western Pomerania , in the west of the former Heinrichswalder ( Uniechów ) Feldmark on the southwest bank of the Skowarnki Jezioro . The town of Debrzno is located about thirteen kilometers southeast . The district town of Człuchów ( Schlochau ) is located about twenty kilometers northeast of the village.
history
Skowarnki was first mentioned in 1356 as the foundation of the German Order . The Grand Master Winrich von Kniprode belehnte in the same year, on September 24, Nicholas Soldans 34 hooves . In return, the latter should grant him military service. The large lake in Schönwerder ( Skowarnki Jezioro ) also belonged to the property .
Since the 15th century, the time of the Polish feudal sovereignty, there was a mill in the village next to the estate, which was set on fire several times due to frequent armed conflicts, including the Hussite campaign , and was rebuilt over and over again, most recently in 1885. Grand Master Konrad von Erlichshausen gave the mill to a "dear and loyal Lorenz", the owner of the village at the time. In 1511 a visit report of the Archbishop of Gniezno appears , in which 4 tithe duties are listed. About 60 years later, large parts of the village were desolate; 16 out of 24 hooves were occupied. At the same time, areas that had become desolate should be repopulated and re-cultivated. The Reformation was introduced at the same time, driven by the Polish Staroste and the predominantly German-speaking population in the district . During this time, the noble evangelical family von Manteuffel is listed as the owner of the Schönwerder estate and village. The interim autonomy of Royal Prussia with its voivodships , which was linked as a personal union with the Polish crown and Lithuania , ended in 1569 in favor of the Polish Reichstag, the Sejm . Schönwerder was now part of the Polish province of West Prussia. In 1569 the Polish language became the official language. In the middle of the 17th century, members of the von Plettenberg family became hereditary lords of Schönwerder by marrying into the Manteuffel family. In 1648 a new Vorwerk was built on the foundations of a courtyard that was probably built before 1582 on the wasteland. In 1682 Schönwerder is owned by the Polish Ciechołewski family . Szonwardt, as it was called at the time, was owned by the von Kleist family nearly 30 years later . After the Kleist family, members of the Gockowski family (including Becker von Gockowski and Gozkowski ) sit as gentlemen on Schönwerder for a short time , before a captain or captain Franz von Kleist once again called the property in Schönwerder his own. At the time of the first Polish division , the estate consisted of 9 hooves, which were tilled by 10 dependent share farmers. In 1772 Schönwerder came back to Prussia . Between 1774 and 1800 the owners were called von Versen , when the community had about 14 houses.
At the time the farmers were liberated , the estate and village of Schönwerder were divided up. The estate - then Adlig Schönwerder - was then divided up several times and, after 1816, parts of it were sold and bought again: the landlord only had one of the ten farmers who were previously fit . In contrast, the now free peasants sold their non-viable agriculture back to the landlord. In 1929 the estate comprised approx. 400 hectares, because it was sold to Ewald Steinhardt before the Second World War . The Gutsdorf Schönwerder belonged with the former manor from 1928 to 1945 to the rural community Heinrichswalde (Uniechów). After the end of the Second World War, the last German residents fled from the approaching Russian troops in the snowy February 1945 . Only a few farmers were found on the streets and paths around the community. Their transporters were used to transport away wounded German soldiers or the local population who joined the treks heading west. The Poles called the place Skowarnki and incorporated it into the rural community Debrzno (Prussian Friedland).
church
A church probably existed since the foundation of the order. In 1895 the Catholic church building was built in the village. The branch churches in Rosenfelse , Prützenwalde , Peterswalde and Landeck belonged to the parish .
literature
- August Blanke : From the past days of the Schlochau district. Schlochau, 1936.
- History of the Kleist family - III. Part third department (Muttrin-Damensche line III). Family association of von Kleist, Berlin 1885.
- Yearbook for genealogy, heraldry and sphragistics . Kurland Society for Literature and Art , 1907.
- Józef Krzepela: Rody ziem pruskich Cz.1 - Prussian Lands. Gebethner i Wolff (Ed.), Kraków 1927 online .
- Manfred Vollack , Heinrich Lemke: The Schlochau district - a book from Prussian-Pomeranian homeland . Kiel 1974, ISBN 3-9800051-1-9 .
- Emilian von Źernicki-Szeliga : History of the Polish Nobility. Hamburg, 1905.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ CIS 2011: Ludność w miejscowościach statystycznych według ekonomicznych grup wieku (Polish), March 31, 2011, accessed on June 27, 2017