St-Fiacre (Guengat)

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Parish Church of Saint-Fiacre
Calvaire

The Catholic parish church of Saint-Fiacre in Guengat , a parish in the Finistère department of the French region of Brittany , was built in the first half of the 15th century and expanded around 1500. It is dedicated to St. Fiacrius , a hermit from Ireland who came to France in the 7th century and settled in the Brie , near Meaux . Leaded glass windows from the 16th century have been preserved in the church. In 1914, the church, including its Calvaire, was included in the list of architectural monuments ( Base Mérimée ) in France as Monument historique .

architecture

Exterior construction

Baptism of Jesus over the inner portal of the south porch

The oldest parts of the church were built before 1450. In the 16th century a chapel was added to the north. On the south side of the nave , in the west of the south porch, the ossuary , which bears an inscription with the year 1557, was added. A relief depicting the baptism of Jesus is placed above the inner portal of the south porch . The bell tower rises above the crossing , which was rebuilt in the 18th century after the old tower was destroyed by a lightning strike in 1706. The spire was added in 1892.

inner space

The originally single-nave nave is divided into two bays . Two arcades open in the north to the so-called Chapelle de Lanascol and in the south to the later added south aisle and the south porch. The choir , which has just closed, extends over three bays and opens up to its side aisles through wide arcades. The sacristy adjoins the north aisle .

The wooden ceiling rests on carved beams that are decorated with heads and figures. One figure shows a priest with a chalice and book, another figure with a book and a spade shows Saint Fiacrus. The end pieces of the beams are designed as the mouths of monsters.

  • Wooden ceiling with carved beams

  • Wooden ceiling with carved beams

  • Wooden ceiling with carved beams

Leaded glass window

Passion window
  • Passion window (window 0)

The Passion Window is dated around 1550 and consists of six lancets. In the center of the window the crucifixion of Christ is depicted in the midst of the two thieves , on the left outer pane the Carrying of the Cross and on the two right panes the Descent from the Cross and the Resurrection of Christ . On the lower panes the flagellation of Christ can be seen, next to Mary and mourning women. Soldiers can be seen under the cross of Christ and under the cross of the evil thief, next to it another scene with Mary and mourning women. The lower outer disc is dedicated to St. Fiacrius, who holds an open book in his left hand and a spade in his right hand. The disk was originally marked with the year 1571. The panes of the tympanum show angels with the tools of passion , in the middle the Lamb of God can be seen.

  • Carrying the cross, flagellation below (detail)

  • Maria

  • Saint Fiacrius

Scenes from the life of Jesus (above), founder and patron saints (center), scenes from the Last Judgment (below)
  • Window with scenes from the life of Jesus (window 1)

The three-lane window is composed of different panes. The three upper discs, which contain scenes from the life of Jesus (birth, circumcision and baptism of Jesus), and the three discs with the representations of the donors and their patron saints (Archangel Michael , John the Baptist and Apostle Peter ) in the middle come from the Time around 1500. The three lower panes on which the apostle Peter with his key, Mary Magdalene with her ointment vessel and angels are depicted, belonged to a window with scenes of the Last Judgment , which was made around 1525.

  • Birth, circumcision, baptism of Jesus

  • Apostle Peter

  • Mary Magdalene

Archangel Michael, Madonna and Child and John the Baptist
  • Window with Archangel Michael, Madonna and Child and John the Baptist (Window 2)

The three lancet window was created around 1500. Standing under arcades, the Archangel Michael with the defeated Lucifer at his feet is depicted on the left , a Madonna and Child in the middle and John the Baptist with the Lamb of God on the right.

Passion window with donors and scenes of the Last Judgment
  • Passion window with donors and scenes of the Last Judgment (window 4)

The window was reassembled several times from the panes of different windows. The panes of the upper and middle level with scenes of the Passion and the representation of the donors were made around 1500. On the left pane of the middle level you can see the Judas kiss , the three other disks depict donors with their patron saints. Further passion scenes follow on the upper level , the condemnation of Jesus, the scourging, the crucifixion of Christ between the two thieves and the resurrection. The lower panes come from a window created in 1525 depicting the Last Judgment. Panes of this window were also inserted into window 1. Angels, the apostles Paul and Bartholomew and John the Baptist are depicted on the panes . On the outer left pane you can see a donor couple under the protection of the Archangel Michael.

  • Passion scenes

  • Donor couple with Saint Catherine

  • John the Baptist

  • Other windows contain fragments from the 15th and 16th centuries. St. Fiacrius and the handkerchief of Veronica can be seen on the panes .

Furnishing

  • The church has numerous carved figures from the 16th century such as a Madonna and Child, a Pietà , St. Catherine and St. Fiacrius.
  • In the two niches on the side of the main altar there is another figure of St. Fiacrius from the 17th century on the left and John the Baptist on the right.

  • Madonna and Child, 16th century

  • Pietà, 16th century

  • Saint Fiacrius, 16th century

  • Catherine of Alexandria, 16th century

Tomb of Jean de Saint-Alouarn and Marie de Tregain

Tomb of Jean de Saint-Alouarn and Marie de Tregain

In the church is the tomb of Jean de Saint-Alouarn and his wife Marie de Tregain from the 16th century. It consists of a granite slab in which the reclining figures of the deceased are carved.

literature

  • Le Patrimoine des Communes du Finistère . Flohic Éditions, Volume 1, Paris 1998, ISBN 2-84234-039-6 , pp. 416-420.
  • Louise-Marie Tillet: Itineraries through Brittany. Calvaires and Romanesque churches . Echter Verlag , Würzburg 1989, ISBN 3-429-01186-8 , p. 173.
  • Françoise Gatouillat, Michel Hérold: Les vitraux de Bretagne . (= Corpus Vitrearum ). Volume VII, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes 2005, ISBN 2-87535-0151-3 , pp. 133-135.

Web links

Commons : Saint-Fiacre (Guengat)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leaded glass window from the 16th century in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  2. ↑ Église Saint-Fiacre in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  3. ↑ Église Saint-Fiacre in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  4. ↑ Madonna and Child in Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  5. ^ Pietà in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  6. ↑ Catherine of Alexandria in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  7. ↑ Saint Fiacrius, 16th century in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  8. ↑ Saint Fiacrius, 17th century in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  9. ↑ John the Baptist in Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  10. ↑ Reclining figures of Jean de Saint-Alouarn and Marie de Tregain in the Base Palissy of the French Ministry of Culture (French)

Coordinates: 48 ° 2 ′ 31.5 "  N , 4 ° 12 ′ 18.2"  W.