Fiacrius

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Figure of Fiacre in Saint-Germain d'Auxerre
Statue in the Saint-Taurin church, Evreux
Fiacre and Faro , stained glass windows in the Église Saint-Fiacre , Dison, Belgium.

Fiacrius ( Fiacrius von Meaux, Fiacrius von Brie, Fiacre, Fèfre, Fèvre, Fiachra, Fiachrach ; * around 590 in Connacht; †  30 August 670 in Meaux ) (after Gabriel Buzlin 620) was an Irish hermit who lived in the 7th century sailed from Ireland to France to seek “ green martyrdom ” there.

Surname

Feacar, Fiancorus, Fiacer, Ficker, Fithoc, Mofithog, Mofuttach, Mofutacus and Futtach are also known as variants of the name. Mabillon takes Fefrus as the saint's original name, which O'Hanlon denies.

swell

The name of the saint is already documented from Carolingian sources, since 1170 from the Irish lists of saints, the martyrology of Marianus O'Gorman and the martyrology of Donegal. A Vita Fiacrii dates from the 12th century and was added in the 13th century. The Vita of St. Faro, probably written by Hildegard , abbess of Meaux, in the 9th century, and Fulcoin know him under the name Fefrus.

hagiography

After Gabriel Bucelinus , Fiacrius was the eldest son of the Scottish King Eoin IV. As he wanted to become a hermit, he secretly withdrew from the court and sailed to France with his sister Sira (Sirad). After the death of his father, his younger brother Ferchar I became king, who, however, was deposed because of malregulation and Pelagian inclinations. The Scots offered Fiacrius the crown, but the latter refused. Even the support of Clovis II , the king of Neustria , could not change the hermit's mind. After the ambassadors pressed him further, Fiacrius prayed to God, whereupon he hit him with leprosy , which made him unsuitable for the office of king.

According to the Martyriology of Donegal , he was the son of Colman and grandson of Eogan, a descendant of Colla-da-crioch . According to Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh , Fiacrius was the son of Colman, son of Eoghan, son of Biodan, son of Oiloil, son of Suibhne, son of Maelduin, son of Fionn, son of Luchada, son of Muirdach Colla-da-crioch, king of Ulster and Alba, who was descended from Conn Cétchathach . He was educated by Conan , Bishop of Sudarn (Soder).

Fiacrius' ship landed in Normandy , from where he migrated to Meaux. In a forest near Brodilium (now Breuil-sur-Vesle ) in the province of Brie , he founded a hermitage , now in Saint-Fiacre ( Seine-et-Marne department ). He received the land from Bishop Faron von Meaux , who promised him as much land as he could plow in a day. However, the land turned into a garden when Fiacrius touched it with his staff, whereupon a woman named Becnaude accused him of witchcraft at the bishop's. However, she subsequently vomited a snake, which proved the falsity of her statements. This scene is depicted on the reliquary of St. Fiacre.

A stone on which the saint sat and which, according to Duplessis, turned into a comfortable armchair, was in Saint-Fiacre until 1793 and since then in the cathedral of Meaux . Fiacrius is said to have been friends with the Holy Convoyon .

Death and burial

St. Fiacre was buried in his hermitage. The reliquary that contained his remains was in the form of a Gothic church with fleurs-de-lys and dolphins on the ridge. Scenes from the life of the saint were depicted on the sides of the reliquary. Louis XI. had the shrine of the saint plated with silver in 1478. In 1568 the relics were brought to the cathedral of Meaux. In 1527 and 1695 the Medici Grand Dukes of Florence brought parts of his relics to Toppaia in Italy. In 1313 the bishop of Meaux granted the abbey extensive independence with the approval of the parish of Saint-Faron. In 1565 the monks of St-Fiacre had to flee because of Protestant activities, first into the woods, then to Chateau Villemorénel and finally, on the advice of Dalibert, to Meaux, where they arrived on September 13, 1568. The monks tried several times to return to St-Fiacre, but their request was refused, the last time in 1683 by Louis XIV on the advice of Bossuet , the "Eagle of Meaux". In 1766 the convent was abandoned by the municipality of Saint-Maur .

wonder

The chapel soon became a pilgrimage destination because of numerous miracles. Women were banned from entering the hermitage after Fiacrius' death. Even Anna of Austria only prayed at the entrance to the burial chapel. At her intercession, St. Fiacrius healed Louis XIII. of the flow of blood with which he fell ill at Lyons . The birth of her first son, later Louis XIV, after twenty-two years of childless marriage, led Anna back to the work of the saint, which is why she went on a pilgrimage to Saint-Fiacre in 1641. The dying Louis XIII's pledge to better equip the shrine of the saint was fulfilled by his widow and donated 1200 Écus for the gilding of the shrine . A statue shows the king in prayer in front of the saint's altar, while an angel holds the French coat of arms. St. Fiacrius is shown as a gardener with a spade.

Attributes and Remembrance Days

Fiacrius is the patron saint of gardeners, coachmen and taxi drivers. His attributes are shovel and spade (grave stone). A picture by the French painter Laurent de La Hyre , now in the Louvre, shows St. Fiacre in prayer with a spade, scepter and crown. He is also called against suffering from hemorrhoids . His public holiday is August 30th, and August 29th is more rarely given.

Afterlife

Saint-Fiacre ( Loire-Atlantique ), Saint-Fiacre in Côtes-d'Armor in Brittany and Saint-Fiacre in Maine are named after Fiacrius . He was also venerated in Mörchingen in Lorraine, in the Diocese of Constance and in Scotland. Numerous processions are held in his honor in Brittany. The feast day of the saint is also celebrated in the church of St. Ferdinand, Vaugirard, in Paris. In Faouët Saint-Fiacre , bouquets of flowers were dedicated to the saint on his feast day (pardon). A Breton folk song (" gwerz ") tells of a young man who was slain by his comrades on the pardon of Fiacrius, but was resuscitated by the relics of Saint Barbara . In Saint-Friacre im Brie, pilgrim signs made of lead were produced in the 15th century, showing the saint with Becnaude in front of Bishop Faron.

The name Fiaker goes back to Fiacrius, as the main stand of the Paris rental carriages, which were introduced in 1662 by the horse dealer Nicolas Souvage , was in the Rue Saint-Fiacre. According to another thesis, the inn in front of which they were standing was up to the saints, or the first fiakers used an image of St. Fiacrius as a figurehead.

Churches and chapels

Belgium

  • Church in Dison near Verviers, Belgium

France

Ireland

Trivia

A novel by the Belgian detective writer Georges Simenon , published in 1932, is entitled L'affaire Saint-Fiacre and deals with the announced murder of a countess in her castle. It was filmed in 1959 by Jean Dellannoy with Jean Gabin in the lead role as Commissioner Maigret .

literature

  • Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Saint Fiacre de la Brie. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 2, 1891/1893, pp. 173-176.
  • Father Jacques Dubois, Un Sanctuaire monastique au moyen-age: Saint-Fiacre-en-Brie. Center de Recherches d'Histoire et de Philologie 5, Hautes Etudes Medievales et Modernes, 27 (Geneva, Droz 1976).
  • Jean-Baptiste Molin, Le Culte liturgique de saint Fiacre. XIll e Centenaire de saint Fiacre, Actes du Congres, Meaux 1970 (Meaux, 1972), pp. 29-84.
  • J. Stany-Gauthier, Les saints bretons protecteurs des récoltes et des jardins. Arts et traditions populaires 1/4, 1953, pp. 307-321.
  • Ekkart Sauser :  Fiacrius. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 14, Bautz, Herzberg 1998, ISBN 3-88309-073-5 , Sp. 976-977.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive  on 2007-06-25)

Web links

Commons : Fiacrius  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mervin Archdall, Monasticon hibernicum: or, A history of the abbeys, priories, and other religious houses in Ireland; interspersed with memoirs of their several founders and benefactors, and of their abbots and other superiors, to the time of their final suppression, http://www.archive.org/details/monasticonhiber01archgoog
  2. ↑ a b c d e Complete Lexicon of Saints, Volume 2. Augsburg 1861, pp. 201–202.
  3. ↑ http://omniumsanctorumhiberniae.blogspot.co.uk/2016/08/saint-fiacre-of-meaux-august-30.html
  4. ^ A b John Canon O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints, with special festivals, commemorations of Holy persons. Dublin, James Duffy and Sons, 1873, 426.
  5. ↑ a b c http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/f/Fiakrius.shtml ( Memento from June 25, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ^ Daniel F. Callahan, Speculum 53/3, 1978, p. 571
  7. ^ A b John Canon O'Hanlon, Lives of the Irish Saints, with special festivals, commemorations of Holy persons. Dublin, James Duffy and Sons, 1873, 421
  8. ↑ a b c Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Saint Fiacre de la Brie. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 2, 1891/1893, p. 174.
  9. ↑ a b Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Saint Fiacre de la Brie. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 2, 1891/1893, p. 173.
  10. ↑ a b J. Stany-Gauthier, Les saints bretons protecteurs des récoltes et des jardins. Arts et traditions populaires 1/4, 1953, p. 320.
  11. ↑ J. Stany-Gauthier, Les saints bretons protecteurs des récoltes et des jardins. Arts et traditions populaires 1/4, 1953, p. 307
  12. ↑ http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=276
  13. ↑ http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not_frame&idNotice=30044
  14. ↑ Paule Lerou / Roger Lerou, Les itinéraires cérémoniels des fêtes de saint Fiacre. Ethnology française, Nouvelle Serie, 7/1, 1977, pp. 83-94
  15. ↑ Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Saint Fiacre de la Brie. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 2, 1891/1893, p. 176
  16. ^ Villemarqué, Barzaz-Breiz, 1867, p. 350.
  17. ↑ Donatien Laurent, La gwerz de Louis le Ravallec. Arts et traditions populaires 1571, 1967, pp. 19-79
  18. ↑ http://www.photo.rmn.fr/cf/htm/CPicZ.aspx?E=2C6NU0NSOT2Z
  19. ↑ Complete Lexicon of Saints, Volume 2. Augsburg 1861, 202
  20. ↑ Mervin Archdall , Monasticon hibernicum: or, A history of the abbeys, priories, and other religious houses in Ireland; interspersed with memoirs of their several founders and benefactors, and of their abbots and other superiors, to the time of their final suppression, http://www.archive.org/details/monasticonhiber01archgoog
personal data
SURNAME Fiacrius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fiacre; Fèfre; Fèvre; Fiachra
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Irish hermit
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century or 7th century
DATE OF DEATH 7th century
Place of death Méaux