St. Cornelius and Cyprian (Mittelbiberach)
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St. Cornelius and Cyprian is a Roman Catholic parish church in Mittelbiberach in Upper Swabia . The slightly elevated church in the middle of the parish was built between 1592 and 1610 and has mostly neo-baroque furnishings. The east church celebrates its patronage on September 16 and belongs to the deanery Biberach in the diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart .
history
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The first church building in Mittelbiberach was likely to have existed around the year 1000. This presumably Romanesque building was first mentioned in a document in 1275. Two bells can be identified for the time around 1300, so it is certain that this church building already had a tower . The previously independent community was incorporated into the Biberach hospital in 1351 . A partially new building with an extension to the west was probably realized by Hans Schad in 1517. A new high altar was consecrated in 1658, and in 1697 it received a new picture with Mary as the rosary queen . At the same time, a rosary fraternity was established. The current church dates from 1592 to 1610, with the church tower also being rebuilt around 1600. The organ gallery was built in 1608 and at the same time the baroque style of the church took place. In 1796, during the First Coalition War , the church treasury was looted by the French. From 1844 to 1858, the church property was given to the political community by the Biberach Hospital and paid for with services. A neo-Gothic redesign took place in 1886 under Pastor Rupf. Only a few years later, under Pastor Hirner in 1908, the painting was done in the Baroque style, and minor structural changes were made, including the relocation of the high altar and the installation of children's benches. A new high altar was consecrated by Bishop Keppler in the same year. A new organ was installed in the organ gallery in 1942. Between 1955 and 1956 a renovation was carried out by the architect Schmid from Biberach. The neo-Gothic elements were removed. The altars built in 1886 were replaced by new ones made of Italian marble; the high altar was redesigned and a pulpit was attached to the left choir arch. A new communion bench and new bright windows were installed, the staircase to the organ gallery was built into a newly created round tower outside. The pillars under the organ gallery have been removed. A further redesign of the chancel with a people's altar and an ambo by Josef Henger from Ravensburg took place between 1973 and 1974 . The pulpit, communion bench and children's benches were removed again. An interior renovation by the architect Eugen Mayer from Biberach was carried out from 1979 to 1980. Reinhold Dassler painted a ceiling picture in the choir, new parish chairs were purchased and the church was archaeologically examined, and the construction phases were confirmed. An exterior renovation by the architect Helmut Scheytt took place in 1987. A memorial was set up in 1997 for Ulrika Nisch , who came from Mittelbiberach and who was beatified, and consecrated it by Auxiliary Bishop Rieger . A comprehensive interior renovation took place with the architect Helmut Scheytt in 2001, with the high altar also being redesigned. In spring, the youth pastor organized a church with Thomas D .
Building description
The church consists of a nave, choir and tower. The tower defines the west facade and protrudes a little from it. The mighty tower has five storeys, which are divided by cornices on the outside. There are semicircular sound openings in blind niches, and slit openings can also be seen in the gable on the south and north sides. In addition, the tower, which is covered with a gable roof and beaver tails, has pilaster strips and gable branches. The choir, closing on three sides, is located east of the nave and contains the sacristy and oratory with a mansion box in the south . All windows of the church are arched and have volute gables. The entrance is on the west side of the tower basement. Outside there is a small canopy. The basement of the tower opens into the church on all three sides with ogival openings. The Ulrika Nisch Memorial Chapel is located in the north . The organ loft around the first floor of the tower extends beyond the second window axis into the nave.
Furnishing
The baptismal font is made of Trento red . The copper cover by Hermann Stadelmaier bears symbols of the Holy Trinity and a crown. Next to it is the Easter candle on a modern golden candlestick with glass stones in an abstract form, also created by Hermann Stadelmaier. The simple Eternal Light is attached to the choir wall behind the font. The ambo, the altar candlesticks and three bronze chairs are also by Josef Henger.
Altars
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The high altar was rebuilt in 1956. The rear wall of the high altar consists of a simple black granite slab with a golden roof. In the gable, a round gold plaque bears the inscription A LOVE THAT DOES NOT CALCULATE . A rosary picture from 1697 is framed in gold and shows Mary with the child Jesus in the center, handing rosaries to Dominic and Catherine of Siena, who are kneeling next to them. Purgatory can be seen below them. 15 medallions with the laws of the joyful, painful and glorious rosary are arranged in a wreath-like shape above the people. The picture was donated in 1697 by the local authorities, the Lords of Ulm, to introduce the Rosary Brotherhood. During the renovation in 1956, it was hung on the south side of the nave and returned to its original location in 2001.
The high altar is flanked by two statues of the church patrons Cornelius and Cyprian. The figures, which were already part of the furnishings in the Baroque period, had once been sold and could be repurchased from private property in 1956. A gold tabernacle under the picture, made by goldsmith Hermann Stadelmaier from Schwäbisch Gmünd , has the shape of a small, square cabinet. It carries a modern crucifix, the sides of which are decorated with simple crosses. The front shows an abstract Heart of Jesus made of glass stones with a halo over a small hill. The altar table is made of Trento red . The cross-shaped folk altar by the Ravensburg sculptor Josef Henger is made of the same material. It contains relics of St. Maria Goretti , Pope Pius X , Gerhard Majella and Blessed Anna Maria Taigi . On October 14, 1973 the altar was consecrated by Abbot Johannes Kraus from the Neresheim Monastery .
The south side altar was consecrated to Saint Joseph and Pope Pius X in 1956. Caspar Wilhelm Hegenauer made a statue of Joseph around 1750. The baby Jesus on the left arm may have been added later, however, as neither size nor proportions fit.
The north side altar was consecrated in 1956 to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and St. Maria Goretti. He owns a statue of the Radiant Madonna from the field chapel Maria vom Consolste . When it was demolished in 1810, the statue was moved to the parish church. The representation of the Queen of Mary shows Mary without a scepter; she embraces the baby Jesus with both arms. The drapery and long, falling hair, which are even well worked out on the back, indicate the Swabian origin of the statue. In the rural depiction, the halo was added later, and the setting was changed several times over the years. By comparison, the statue can have been made in the Lower Illertal or south of it and can be dated between 1550 and 1570. The simple tables of the side altars are made of Trento red.
photos
On the ceiling of the choir is a modern depiction of the protective mantle Madonna by Reinhold Dassler from Rechtenstein from 1980. All of the people portrayed are relatives and friends of his. Mary in the form of his daughter spreads her hands protectively. On the left side you can see his wife, children from his neighborhood and the then pastor of Mittelbiberach, Franz Temminhoff. On the right is a host family from the area around Oberstadion . In the right background stands a student of the painter at an astronomical device as a symbol of science. A bird's nest on the left in the background serves as a symbol for nature. The Mittelbiberach castle forms the background scenery. The former choir ceiling fresco was so badly damaged during the renovation in 1980 that restoration was no longer possible. Only the four outer pictures with the four evangelists could be saved.
Wooden portraits
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Group of mourners from Mittelbiberach
A replica of the mourners from Mittelbiberach, which is not true to the original, is in the choir room. It was created by Herbert Prinoth in 2001. The original is in the Bode Museum in Berlin . Mary in the middle is supported by two women because she is close to fainting. The original, from around 1430 from a master workshop at the Ulm School , stood on Buchauer Strasse in Mittelbiberach until 1912 and was badly affected by the weather. A dealer bought it and sold it to the Kaiser-Friedrich-Museum , today's Bode-Museum. This type of representation was banned from churches in the 16th century because a new type of image of Our Lady was to be conveyed.
Further equipment
A late Gothic crucifix from around 1520, presumably from the Ulm workshop of Nikolaus Weckmann , hangs on the choir arch. A 19th century statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus can be seen on a console on the north side of the nave. A Pietà by Hegenauer was created around 1750 . It is attributed to the baroque or rococo style. Mary has a sword in her breast, the dead Savior lies on her knees with a pained expression on his face. On the south side between the windows you can see a crucifixion group with an empty cross made from the old oak boards of the parsonage, as well as Mary and John. The two figures presumably date from around 1500 and are attributed to Michael Zeynsler . The Dobler family, who lived in the village, bought them at auction in 1900 from the then owners of the Heggbach Monastery and handed them over to the church with the stipulation that they should be returned if there was no room for them. Two statues of St. Francis and St. Anthony of Padua from the 20th century are on consoles at the large entrance portal.
Epitaphs
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There are several epitaphs in the church . The largest, for the Schad family, is on the north side of the choir and takes up the space between the windows. The late Renaissance style stone epitaph is well crafted and enormous in size. It was created by Esaias Gruber von Lindau , whose signature GAE is on the cross of the central relief. The relief shows Bernhard Schad in full armor, his wife Veronika and the daughters Euphrosine II and Doothea in contemporary clothing. The women wear rosaries; all have folded their hands in prayer. Below the group of people there is a lying lion, an armor helmet and a lamb. A crucifixion scene can be seen above them on clouds occupied by putti. An angel catches the blood of Christ with a chalice. Another goblet is on the left on a console to catch the blood from his hand wound. The upper cross piece is flanked by the sun and moon. There are two coats of arms at the top.
Two statues stand on either side of the central relief in niches flanked by columns. The left shows Hans Philipp Schad, who died in 1598, a brother of Bernhard Schad, the right his wife Margaretha. Philip kneels in full armor on a lion and is girded with a sword. His wife kneels on a lamb and holds a rosary in her hands clasped in prayer. Inscription panels are attached underneath. The lower column bases bear reliefs of the four church fathers. There are oval coats of arms reliefs above the two statues. Above the central relief, the excerpt begins with a relief of God the Father. A rectangular relief above shows an apocalypse with the resurrected dead below and Jesus with several saints above. In between there is an inscription plaque, above it a circular relief with two putti. The crowning glory is a cross. In 2001 and 2003 the epitaph was restored in coordination with the State Office for Monument Preservation in Baden-Württemberg.
Another memorial stone commemorates Johann Albert Anton Schad, who died around 1717, and his wife Katharina Johanna, Countess von Törring, who died in 1669. In the east of the north side of the choir there is a memorial stone for the pastors who have been active in Mittelbiberach since 1296. In the tower pillars there are epitaphs for the pastors Hildebrand and Brack, who died in 1757 and 1778 respectively. Pastor Brack's colored epitaph was probably painted over several times in the past, so that the original painting has not been preserved. The inscription in large letters highlighted in red forms a chronogram of the year of death. In the middle is the coat of arms of the deceased, symbols indicate death and transience. In the back of the church there is the epitaph of Ursula von Au, who died around 1582, with an hourglass and skull. The inscription reads O man, look at me and nit yourself, then that you are, that was me too, young, noble, strong, rich, well formed with honor in variety of lusts, now I am like you see me, Thuo open me come and get you.
Bells
All bells were transported to the bell cemetery in Hamburg during the Second World War, but came back after the war. The largest bell has a diameter of 119 and a height of 96 centimeters. It was cast by Sebastian Volmar in Biberach in 1599 and is richly decorated, including a crucifixion group and several inscriptions. The second largest bell with a diameter of 92 centimeters and a height of 70 centimeters comes from the Kempten bell founder Hans Schnitzer and was consecrated in 1615. In addition to the cross, crescent moon Madonna and decorations, it also bears the oldest mention of the church patron. The two smaller bells date from around the 13th century and are therefore the oldest pieces of equipment. One of them has a diameter of 61 cm and a height of 45 centimeters, the other measures 62 centimeters in diameter and a height of 50 centimeters. Two more bells were purchased in 1970, one of which will ring Vespers at 4 p.m. at the request of the donor. One of the old bells was then hung in the cemetery chapel.
On October 1, 2010, the "sister Ulrika bell" was cast by the Bachert bell foundry in its former headquarters in Karlsruhe, inaugurated on October 24, 2010 by Dean Sigmund Schänzle and placed in the bell tower on November 2, 2010. On the front it bears the inscription Blessed Sister Ulrika - No Measure Knows Love and an image of Ulrika Nisch . On the back there are the names of the most important donors for this bell, the seal of the Bachert company and the inscription Kath. Kirchengemeinde Mittelbiberach St. Cornelius and Cyprian 2010 . The new bell has a diameter of 100 centimeters and is tuned to the tone G sharp. With the simultaneous tone correction of the 68-centimeter bell from 1970 in c sharp "a" Salve-Regina bell "could be realized with the tone sequence e '- f sharp' - g sharp '- h' - c sharp" - a " (e '- g sharp '- h' - c sharp "). Since then the following bells have been available (diameter in centimeters / tuning / year): 119 / e '/ 1599 - 109 / f sharp' / 1970 - 100 / g sharp '/ 2010 - 92 / h' / 1615 - 68 / c sharp "/ 1970 - 62 / a "/ 13. Century.
literature
- Wunibald Reutlinger, Parish Council Mittelbiberach: Church leaders. Parish Council Mittelbiberach, Mittelbiberach 2003.
- Dagmar Zimdars among other things: Handbook of German art monuments. Baden-Württemberg II: The administrative districts of Freiburg and Tübingen. Revision. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich et al. 1997, ISBN 3-422-03030-1 , p. 466.
- State description department of the Sigmaringen State Archives: The district of Biberach. Volume 2: Community descriptions Ertingen to Erolzheim. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1990, ISBN 3-7995-6186-2 , p. 409.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Church is bursting at the seams ( memento of the original from December 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Accessed August 23, 2012)
- ^ Department of State Description of the Sigmaringen State Archives: Der Landkreis Biberach. Volume 2: Community descriptions Ertingen to Erolzheim. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1990, ISBN 3-7995-6186-2 , p. 409.
- ↑ schwaebische.de on April 18, 2001: Neighborhood: "Mourners" return home
- ↑ Mittelbiberach bell arrives in the tower. Accessed June 3, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Bell floats into her new room . In: Swabian . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on June 3, 2018]).
- ↑ Catholic Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian: Catholic Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprian From the renovation case to the sister Ulrika bell. Mittelbiberach community | Bulletin |, November 18, 2010, accessed on June 3, 2018 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 5 ′ 13.5 ″ N , 9 ° 44 ′ 59.4 ″ E