Lower Illertal

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Lower Illertal
Iller at river kilometer 17
Iller at river kilometer 17
surface 364.8 km²
Systematics according to Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany
Greater region 1st order 02–06 →
Alpine foothills
Greater region 2nd order 04-06 →
Northern Alpine Foreland
Greater region 3rd order 04 →
Donau-Iller-Lech-Platte
4th order region
(main unit)
044 →
Lower Illertal
Natural area characteristics
Landscape type Gravel river valley landscape
Geographical location
Coordinates 47 ° 59 '42 "  N , 10 ° 7' 44.4"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 59 '42 "  N , 10 ° 7' 44.4"  E
Lower Illertal (Alpine foothills and Alps)
Lower Illertal
Location Lower Illertal
state Bavaria , Baden-Wuerttemberg
Country Germany

The Lower Illertal is a natural spatial unit on the lower reaches of the Iller between Krugzell and the confluence with the Danube in ( Neu -) Ulm . The flat, undulating landscape runs along the south-north border between Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria ; the largest town in the interior is Memmingen, a little south of the center . It is surmounted by the high terraces and old moraines adjoining to the west and east by 70 to 150 meters, but it also has such in its southern part.

Natural structure

According to the structure of the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany and the refinements of the individual sheets Ulm and Lindau , the Lower Illertal represents the main unit 044 of the Greater Region 3rd order Danube-Iller-Lech-Platte (04) and is structured as follows:

Rough height structure

The subdivision into the higher and lower fields is rather vague, but the part of the landscape south of Memmingen is clearly divided into several valleys, which are separated by the three old moraines and higher gravel plates along with slopes.

Southern part

The Memminger Tal (044.12) in the southeast, which stretches from Wolfertschwenden to the east of Memmingen, is a former valley of the Iller and overall significantly wider than the Illerbeurer Illertal (044.15), which runs parallel to the west and merges into the Illergries (044.03 / 00) at Ferthofen , which describes the flood valley floor of the Iller , which is silted up and lined with alluvial forest .

Between the two rises the old moraine of the Grönenbacher Wald (044.20) west of Bad Grönenbach , which reaches 794  m in the southeast near the hamlet of Sommersberg (district of Dietmannsried ) and thus towers over the Iller, which is only 700 m away, by a good 160 m. To the east is the Grönenbacher Feld (044.14) with Grönenbach and Zell , which is only a weak step above the adjoining Memminger Valley. To the north-north-west it is covered by the Volkratshofer Feld (044.13), which is upstream of the Illerfeld (044.05) in the Illerbogen west of Volkratshofen , one step lower, and the Memminger Feld (044.11) to the north in the west and west of Memmingen. The Memminger Feld is now fully populated by the western half of the Memmingen core city and the place Buxheim , apart from the north.

From the Illerbeurer Illertal, the Iller near Lautrach branches off to the south, the somewhat less deep Legauer Tal (044.16) in the direction of Legau , and then branches off into a southeast branch in the direction of Bettrichs and a southern branch reaching to Kimratshofen . This valley separates two more old moraine and high gravel slabs , namely the slab of Maria Steinbach (044.21; east-northeast of Bettrichs a good 705  m ) northeast and the Landholz (044.22; near Einsiedeln in the south 760  m ) southeast of Legau. Both Riedel can be seen as island-like eastern foothills of the gravel plates and moraines of Wuchzenhofen (041.34, already part of the Riß-Aitrach-Platten 041), which connect to the west of the Legau valley. They are clearly dominated by these, but especially also by the foothills of Adelegg that border the valley to the south and the young moraines that adjoin both riedels to the south-east .

Northern part

The northern part of the main unit, on the other hand, is more simply structured and the terrace fields are all at roughly the same height above the Iller, although their inclinations on the west and east sides differ significantly.
North of the main valley fork near Memmingen, on the right, the Iller and the Memminger Ach, which occupies the northernmost section of the Memminger Valley, continue the Fellheimer Feld (044.10) with Heimertingen , Fellheim and Pleß on the western edge of the Memminger Feld. The assignment to the higher fields is somewhat controversial here. While the sheets Ulm and Lindau Memminger and Fellheimer Feld are among the higher fields, the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation already counts them among the lower ones . However, the fact that the larger towns have settled here on the western edge near the Ill is evidence of the clear slope there, which protects the settlements from flooding. In the east, at Niederrieden and Boos , the valley closes at a significant elevation to the Eisenburger Platte (046.22, already part of the Iller-Lech-Schotterplatten 046). North of Boos to northeast of Pleß, this altitude level is omitted and the bog at Winterrieder Ried on
both sides of the Roth leads to the Upper Rothtal (046.12), north of Pleß the Illertal is now narrowed on the right side by the Kellmünzer Platten (046.03) and abruptly sealed off.

To the left or west of the Illergries opposite the Fellheimer Feld, but reaching significantly further north, is the Erolzheimer Feld (044.04) with (from south to north) Tannheim , Berkheim , Erolzheim , Kirchberg an der Iller and Balzheim on the western edge. Here there is no clear slope to the Illergries, which is why there are fewer and on average smaller places such as Dettingen an der Iller , Kirchdorf an der Iller and in the far north Dietenheim on the eastern edge near the Illus. To the north of Dettingen, the wooden sticks (043), which border the field comparatively craggy to the west, step right up to the Gries. From here on, the Iller is only accompanied by one field on the right, namely the narrow Illertissener Feld (044.02). It begins in the south in the southern districts of Altenstadt and stretches over Illertissen , Bellenberg and Vöhringen to Senden , to gradually merge to the north into the Iller alluvial cone (044.01), which extends to the right of the Iller and northwest of the decaying Illerberger Platte (046.01 ) widened in a funnel shape.

Adjacent main units

The partial landscapes of the Donau-Iller-Lech-Platte

In the southwest the Untere Illertal meets the Riß-Aitrach-Platten (046), in the west with the wooden sticks (043) and in the northwest with the hill country of the Unteren Riß (042). The Donauried (045) connects to the northeast and the Iller-Lech-Schotterplatten (046) to the east . The main limits of this are the wooden sticks and the Iller-Lech gravel slabs, which frame the valley over almost its entire length.

To the south join the Iller-Jungmoränenland (035) and, to the west of it, the Adelegg . Both landscapes lie outside the Danube-Iller-Lech-Platte and south of the old moraine-young moraine border, which separates the Alpine foothills into a northern and a southern large region of the 2nd order . The parts of the Swabian Alb (group 09), to which the Iller near Ulm approaches , are even more clearly differentiated from the slab . They ring in the first-order large region of the south-west German step country .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen et al .: Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
  2. a b c d Hans Graul: Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 179 Ulm. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952. → Online map (PDF; 4.8 MB)
  3. a b c d Hansjörg Dongus: Geographical land survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 187/193 Lindau / Oberstdorf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1991. → Online map (PDF; 6.1 MB)
  4. a b The name Gries or semolina is generally used for young, silted up valley landscapes. The official natural space names use the spelling with ß , but the spelling with s is more common.
  5. a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  6. Landscape profiles of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )

Web links