St. Jakobus (Ensdorf)
The St. Jakobus Church in Ensdorf is a baroque wall pillar church in the Upper Palatinate . It has been the parish church of the parish of the same name in the diocese of Regensburg since 1802 and is a listed building .
history
When Ensdorf Abbey was founded , the founders, Count Palatine Otto V. von Scheyern and his wife Heilika von Lengenfeld , first had a wooden church building built. The patronage is dedicated to Saint James the Elder ; this church was consecrated in 1123 by Bishop Otto von Bamberg . A second Romanesque predecessor stone building based on the model of the Hirsau monastery was built under Friedrich II von Wittelsbach and his brother Otto I von Wittelsbach . It was a cruciform, flat-roofed basilica with a nave and two aisles. The church also had two towers with a so-called paradise in front of them. The church had a Romanesque cloister, which was rebuilt in Gothic style in 1441. This building was built in 1180 by Archbishop Konrad III. consecrated by Salzburg. Under Abbot Ulrich (1393-1396), this church received a Gothic vault instead of the flat ceiling. Hardly any remains of this church building have survived. This church was badly damaged by fire on July 21st, 1507. Reconstruction was initiated, but because of the Reformation that began in the 16th century , this stalled and the monastery was closed. Only on July 23, 1669, the monastery was returned to the Benedictines.
Only under the abbot Bonaventura Oberhuber was a new baroque building started in 1695 instead of the earlier ruin. But this company was also delayed due to the turmoil of the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714). The current church was consecrated on October 8, 1717.
Craftsmen and artists involved in building the church
Wolfgang Dientzenhofer († 1708) is considered the builder of the church . Martin Funk († 1704) can be proven to be a master mason in 1694 and 1701–1703, followed by Christoph Granauer.
The high altar picture with St. James and the Coronation of Mary in the altar extract comes from Gebhard vonprüfunging (1711). The altar is framed by three stucco columns on each side. The ceiling paintings and the frescoes in the dome are attributed to Cosmas Damian Asam (1686–1739); the ceiling painting in front of the high altar depicts the church patron Jacobus, who holds his shield protectively over the church. The picture of the guardian angel is a copy of a work by Hans Georg Asam , which can also be found in churches in Tegernsee , Walderbach and Munich . Another ceiling painting depicts the legendary Battle of Clavijo , painted by Cosmas Damian Asam. Other painters involved in the church were Anton Heil (1716), Adam Letsch (1717 and 1719), Hans Michael Letsch, Johann Mastabus and Johann Franz Lindmann.
The sculptor Franz Joachim Schlott created the statues on the church portal. Jakob Pirchner from Schwandorf created the two statues on the passage from the street to the church forecourt.
Georg Schober (1694), Franz Xaver Söllner (1752-1754) and Johann Michael Forst (1755-1756) worked as carpenters, carpenters were Johann Kaspar Huber (1694-1698), Mathias Jakob from Amberg , Mathias Brandel (1695) and Adam Öhler. The building files also include the glaziers Kaspar Maindel from Hirschau (1695, 1715) and Peter Krieb from Amberg (1694), the locksmith Georg Forster from Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz (1696), the stone carvers Sebastian Prickl and Lorenz Hintermayer from Kelheim ( 1696) and the brick and lime burner Michael Kertsch (1693).
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Building description
The tower of the church is built on three floors. At the top there is a dome that merges into a top and a cross over the lantern . The entrance portal is represented by the figure of St. James crowned in pilgrim garb, left and right are the statues of Bishop Otto von Bamberg and St. Benedict .
The nave is made up of three bays , which are spanned with vaults . To the east is a one-bay choir with a three-sided broken end. The non-protruding transept is covered with a dome, the dome is supported by crossing pillars. In the yoke in front of the chancel on the left is the donor's grave, on the right there is the sacristy , above an open monk choir. The ceiling painting above the choir shows Benedict as the teacher of the monastic community. The chancel is easted, with windows to the north of it. The ornate vaulted ceilings are designed by Cosmas Damian Asam . The sacristy was built in 1743; Nothing is known about the artists and craftsmen involved. It is equipped with a richly decorated dressing cupboard, a cupboard for the monks' chalices and a washbasin .
The church has eight side altars, each leaning against the side pillars. On the right in front is an altar of Mary with the Immaculate . In the excerpt is a picture with St. Benedict holding an open book. On the side is a picture of the Lamentation of Christ when he was deposed from the cross, including a tombstone for Abbots Johann Hauser († 1503) and Friedrich Prentel († 1520) from the previous church. At the front left is the cross altar. Based on a model by Rubens, it depicts the moment when a soldier lances into Christ's side. In the excerpt, God the Father is shown with the globe; this indicates the creation and redemption of the world. A tombstone next to it commemorates Abbot Hermann Hollfelder († 1468). The next altar is St. Dedicated to Appolonia . Her martyrdom is shown in the middle picture, a hangman rips out the victim's teeth, in the background the martyr is burned. In the extract, Mother Anna and Maria are shown, flanked by the martyrs Barbara and Katharina . There is a baptismal font on the side. The altar on the left unites the Holy Trinity and the Holy Family in the altarpiece . The excerpt shows the father of Mary, St. Joachim , flanked by Leonhard and Aegidius . On the wall is a figure of St. Johannes Nepomuk from 1740. One of the rear altars is the so-called Otto Altar, which shows Bishop Otto von Bamberg as the Blessed of Heaven. In the antependium it is shown at the consecration of the monastery church. Emperor Heinrich II , the founder of the Bamberg diocese, is glorified in the extract . The figures on the altar are St. Wolfgang and St. Rupert of Salzburg . On the wall hangs the wooden sculpture of Maria from 1500 acquired by Abbot Meiler. The altar opposite is the Benedictine altar. He is shown in his glory, with his two disciples Plazidus and Maurus at his side. In the excerpt, St. Scholastica depicted. The last altar on the right shows St. Sebastian , at his side are St. Franz Xavier and St. Rochus . In the excerpt, St. Florian shown. The altar opposite is dedicated to Anthony of Padua , he is represented together with John of Capistran and Francis of Assisi . In the extract is St. To see Klara with a monstrance .
The organ stands on an arched gallery. Its housing was built in 1739–1740 by Hans Georg Grundler from Högling . The first organ was created by Johann Sebastian Wild from Kirchenrohrbach in 1718, the second in 1739 by Johann Sebastian and Georg Karl Wild. The third comes from the company Weiß from Nabburg in 1782 , the current one comes from the company Binder.
The church is currently undergoing a major renovation, which should be completed by 2017, the 300th anniversary of its consecration.
Parish of Ensdorf after the abolition of the monastery
Until the abolition of the monastery, the pastors of Ensdorf were provided by the monastery. After that, the fathers dispersed, some of them were employed as professors, and some of them took over parishes. The southern extension of the monastery was designated as a vicarage, but was not rebuilt accordingly until 1853. In the prelature - the western front next to the church - came a school. The actual monastery building in the south and east wing came into the possession of a merchant from Amberg in 1839, who wanted to set up an alum factory here. Because of the objection of the pastor at the time and also because of the presumed unprofitability, this plan was not implemented. The idea of demolishing the building was given up by the resistance of the monastery brewery owner Georg Schmidt. In 1856 this component came to the diocese of Regensburg under Bishop Valentin Riedel , who established the Xaverianum Foundation here. At that time there was no shortage of priests in the diocese and there was not even a use for the newly ordained as “supernumerarii” (that is, as “surplus” that a well-appointed pastor took care of for auxiliary services). Therefore the newly consecrated had to spend another year in Ensdorf to practice pastoral care under the guidance of the local pastor as director and the cooperator as prefect . After 1857 this was no longer necessary and the Xaverianum was to serve as a correctional facility and retreat house.
After the secularization , Father Lorenz Pfaller was employed as the first pastor, with a letter dated July 20, 1804 by the electoral state administration, Father Josef Moritz and Romann Trittermann were added as assistants. He was succeeded by Father Stephan Götz. In 1812 Heinrich Bauer, the curate priest on Mariahilfberg, was appointed pastor in Ensdorf. In 1845 Franz Xaver von Dietz was appointed pastor, who resigned on March 18, 1861 and died on August 3, 1864 in Munich. His successors were Bartholomä Endres (1861–1872) and Michael Wittmann (1873–1898). He was followed by Pastor Pfretzschner from 1898 to 1906, who made a special contribution to the school system. In 1907 the parish was given to the Expositus Johann B. Schmidt. It is thanks to Pastor Johann Baptist Schmidt that the Salesians of Don Bosco came to Ensdorf in 1920. Since then, they have also been helping in pastoral care.
On November 1, 1965, the parish was transferred to the Salesians . Father Josef Rieshofer was the first Salesian as a pastor (parish administrator). Father Sebastian Raß took over from Father Josef Rieshofer as pastor in 1988. Father Hermann Sturm has been taking care of pastoral matters in St. Jakobus as pastor since 1998. The parish also includes the branch churches in Wolfsbach and Thanheim, but also the pilgrimage church on the Eggenberg, the church in Hirschwald and the chapels of Uschlberg, Hofstetten and Seulohe.
literature
- Hans Zitzelsberger: Chronicle of Ensdorf . Municipal administration, Ensdorf 1991.
- Hans Zitzelsberger (1999): Church leader of the former Benedictine abbey since 1802 parish church of St. Jakobus Ensdorf. EK Service Porth, Saarbrücken.
- JB Schmidt (Ed.): Festschrift for the 800th anniversary of the founding of the former Benedictine monastery Ensdorf. 1121-1921.
- Parish of Ensdorf (Ed.), Text Josef Bartmann (1998): 875 years Jakobuskirche Ensdorf. July 25, 1123 to 1998. Don Bosco Grafischer Betrieb, Ensdorf.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Restoration and renovation of the parish church of St. James
- ↑ Catholic parish Ensdorf
- ^ Parish pastoral care in Ensdorf St. Jakobus
Coordinates: 49 ° 20 ′ 27.1 ″ N , 11 ° 56 ′ 10.6 ″ E