St. James the Elder (Goslar)
St. Jakobus the Elder , usually called St. Jakobi or Jakobikirche , is a historic church building in the old town of Goslar and the parish church of the Catholic parish of the same name of the deanery Goslar-Salzgitter.
history
After the collegiate church of St. Simon and Judas, St. Jakobi is the second oldest church in Goslar. While the collegiate church was a symbol of imperial power, the Jakobikirche was built on the initiative of Bishop Hezilos von Hildesheim (r. 1054-1079) to show the episcopal presence on the eastern edge of the diocese near the imperial palace . A certificate from Hezilos proves the existence of the church for the year 1073. At the same time, St. Jakobi was also a citizen church from the beginning. The James - patron saint points to wealthy pilgrims as donors .
In the High Middle Ages, St. Jakobi took a back seat to the younger and larger market church of St. Cosmas and Damian . Jakobi was now the church of the craft guilds .
In the 16th century St. Jakobi gave a decisive impulse to adopt the Lutheran faith. In 1528 the Articuli Jacobitarum ("Article of the Jacobites") demanded that the city council take rapid steps to introduce the Reformation . a. a public debate between the city clergy and the reformer Nikolaus von Amsdorf . In 1529 a delegation from Goslar traveled to Martin Luther and received a letter of support from him, together with a warning about moderation and non-violence. With Amsdorf's church ordinance of 1531, all of the city's churches became Lutheran.
In the following years, St. Jakobi was assigned to the market parish and was only used for funeral services at times. An inscription on the south side of the south tower reports on restoration work in 1732.
From the 18th century onwards, Catholics occasionally settled in Goslar again. Catholic services were only held outside the city in the Augustinian monasteries in Riechenberg and Grauhof . The secularization of 1803 brought the end of these monasteries. In the same year the Prussian government awarded the Jakobikirche to the Catholics. The church received items of equipment from the abolished monasteries. In 1805 the first mass could be celebrated.
The industrialization of the 19th century allowed the city and with it the Catholic community to grow. The expulsion from the East after the Second World War brought rapid growth . Now more Catholic churches have been built in the city. On July 1, 2007, the Deanery Goslar was dissolved, since then the parish has belonged to the then newly established Deanery Goslar-Salzgitter.
Today the parish of St. Jakobus the Elder with the three branch churches in Grauhof , Jürgenohl and Oker has almost 6,000 members. Another branch church in Sudmerberg was profaned in 2006 . The parish has had the parish center across from the church since 2013.
architecture
The 11th century Jakobikirche was an early Romanesque three-nave, flat-roofed pillar basilica with a transept, main and two secondary apses . In the 12th century it was the up existing today Westwerk . It is a block adorned with sculptures with two two-story, octagonal and cone-helmeted tower attachments. Inside is the patronage gallery (today the organ). The effect of this west building is impaired by the later raised roof of the nave .
Around 1250 the flat ceiling of the central nave was replaced by a vault . Reinforcements and ribs were placed on the existing pillars as supports, and artistic capitals in the late Romanesque and early Gothic styles were created. A little later, the choir and apse were laid down and a larger and higher Gothic choir with a polygonal finish and tracery windows was built.
The most profound change happened in the years 1506–1512, when the basilica nave was converted into a hall church by demolishing the old and new building of wider and higher aisles . The new south portal was raised with an elaborately designed vestibule.
Various renovations around the middle of the 18th century brought further changes to the appearance. A continuous roof was placed over the nave and the transept gables that were still in place were removed. To improve the room lighting, the tracery was removed from all windows.
Furnishing
The Jakobikirche has extensive baroque furnishings that come from the abolished Riechenberg monastery. These include the high and the two side altars, a confessional and the stalls. The oldest piece of equipment is the late Gothic Pietà ( Hans Witten , 1520). The baptismal font, pulpit and organ front in the Renaissance style date from the Lutheran period .
View from the southeast
Tower front and south portal
Westwork
pulpit
Baptismal font
Pietà
north side altar
south side altar
Mural
Apostle James the Elder Ä.
Bell scratch drawings
The bell, cast in 1480, has rare, art-historically significant carved bell drawings that are honored in a work by the art historian Ingrid Schulze.
Other Catholic institutions in the catchment area of the church
- St. Jakobi day care center (Tappenstrasse 27).
- St. James's House . Academy of the Hildesheim diocese and state-recognized folk high school.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ Image of the restoration inscription
- ↑ Episcopal General Vicariate (ed.): Kirchlicher Anzeiger. No. 6/2007, pp. 142-143.
- ^ Ingrid Schulze: Incised drawings by lay hands - drawings by medieval sculptors and painters? Figural bell scratch drawings from the late 13th century to around 1500 in central and northern Germany. Leipzig 2006, ISBN 978-3-939404-95-8
literature
- Thomas Scharf-Wrede (Ed.): St. Jakobi Church Goslar 1073 - 1805 - 2005. Festschrift for the re-establishment of the Catholic parish of St. Jakobus the Elder 200 years ago. Vol. 15 of the series of publications of the Hildesheim diocese archive, Hildesheim 2005.
- Hans Gidion: History of the church and community St. Jacobi in Goslar (from the beginnings to the year 1805) . Contributions to the history of the city of Goslar, issue 21. Self-published by the Geschichts- und Heimatschutzverein Goslar e. V., Goslar 1963.
- The Jakobikirche in Goslar. Langewiesche-Bücherei , ISBN 3-7845-0601-1 , Königstein im Taunus 1984.
Web links
- Internet presence of the parish with detailed image and text documentation
- Photo documentation (Raymond Faure)
- Organ description
Coordinates: 51 ° 54 ′ 29.4 " N , 10 ° 25 ′ 36" E