Copenhagen tram

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Former tram
in Copenhagen
image
De kjøbenhavnske
Sporveje (DKS) electric tram in Copenhagen around 1902
Basic information
Country Denmark
city Copenhagen
opening October 22, 1863
electrification March 4, 1897 (battery operation)
September 19, 1899 (overhead line operation)
Shutdown April 22, 1972
operator Municipal from 1911: Københavns Sporveje (KS)
Infrastructure
Gauge 1435 mm ( standard gauge )

Copenhagen's tram was the first tram ( Sporveje in Danish ) in Denmark . In 1863, the local transport system was founded by a private company. From 1911, the city of Copenhagen took over the business with Københavns Sporveje (KS).

Then Århus (1884–1971) and Odense (1911–1952) got trams.

The end of tram traffic in the Danish capital took place after almost 110 years in 1972. The last Copenhagen route, line 5, was the last tram in Denmark. For decades, with the exception of a museum tram in Jystrup in Central Zealand, there were no more trams in Denmark.

A new tram system has already been put into operation in Aarhus, and one is under construction in Odense and Copenhagen.

In Aarhus, a new tram system, the Aarhus Letbane, has already been put into operation, and one is under construction in Odense and Copenhagen.

The term Københavns Sporveje was both a name for the city's means of transport and the name of an operating company, KS.

history

Steam and horse trains

The steam tram in the north of Copenhagen from 1884 partly ran on the route of the later line 14. The drawing shows a steam powered rail car of the Rowan type .
Drawing a Copenhagen Pferdestraßenbahnauslenkwagens of 1872nd

The age of the tram began in Copenhagen on October 22nd, 1863. The Copenhagen Railway Company Ltd. (CRC), a public company and subsidiary of a British company, built the first runway. The Hovedlinien (trunk or main route) led from Frederiksberg Runddel over Vesterbrogade to the city center. This route was operated as a horse-drawn tram . The CRC expanded its range of routes. Under the same name Hovedlinien an extension to three more terminal stops followed. There was both horse power traction and steam power.

1884 opened Strandvejens Dampsporvejs-Selskab the route Strandvejens Dampsporvej . It was operated as a steam tram with Rowan's steam railcars. This line connected:

  • Trianglen - a square in northern Copenhagen - with the one adjoining the city limits
  • Part of today's community of Gentofte , Hellerup and further with the
  • northernmost part of Gentoftes, Klampenborg.

Several tram and horse-drawn bus routes soon ran across the Trianglen . The square became the northern traffic junction of Copenhagen, the counterpart of the city center became the town hall square.

At the end of 1865, the Danish banker and industrialist Carl Frederik Tietgen founded Kjøbenhavns Sporvei-Selskab (KSS) and took over the vehicles and lines of the CRC. The Copenhagen Railway Company Ltd. went into bankruptcy in December of the same year . In addition to the four former lines of the CRC, Tietgens KSS operated other routes, including those from horse-drawn buses. The last horse tram in Copenhagen did not run until 1915.

Electric tram

DKS car, line 10.
KS double deck car, line 3.
Netz around 1920, the first of the Hoved lines from 1863, is marked in blue. The "acid railway" operated on the route of the later No. 7

In 1897 the first electric tram line was built, initially without overhead lines and battery-powered . It was the Nørrebrogadelinien whose carriages ran between Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen's city center and northeastern Nørrebro (line no. 7). The battery railway was popularly referred to as "sour track" because the smell of battery acid was very distinctive. It was discontinued after five years in 1902.

De kjøbenhavnske Sporveje (DKS) was founded in 1898 . This tram company was formed from the merger of five private companies, including KSS founded by CF Tietgens.

In 1899, the first line in Copenhagen with catenary operation was set up, the energy supply was now via the contact wire .

On November 27, 1902, uniform line numbers were introduced for the trams in Copenhagen. In the next year Tuborg Klampenborg Elektriske Sporvej (TKES), a subsidiary of DKS, opened a 5.5 km long electrical line in a north-south direction. It led via Gentofte Strandvej and replaced the previous steam train. The route was extended in 1908 over the Bernstorffsvej.

In 1911, the independent Nordsjællands Elektricitets- og Sporvejs Aktieselskab (NESA or NESAG) was founded from TKES, an energy company that initially consisted of the Gentofter tram between Hellerup and Klampenborg and a power station in Skovshoved, which in addition to its own also trams from other companies Driving power supplied. In 1953, NESA switched from trams to trolleybuses . After 63 years, the corporation finally withdrew as a transport company in 1974 and concentrated on its energy division. In 2006 it merged with Dansk Olie og Naturgas A / S and four of other energy companies to form Denmark's largest energy supplier, Dong Energy Aktieselskab .

Municipal operation

The city of Copenhagen began operating trams on August 1, 1911 with the company Københavns Sporveje (KS), after taking over DKS, which was founded in 1898. In 1919 KS took over another company, this time from Frederiksberg . The Frederiksberg Sporvejsselskab had started on June 14, 1872 to develop Frederiksberg with a horse-drawn tram. In 1896 it merged with Falkoneralléens Sporvejsselskab, founded in 1883, to form Frederiksberg Sporvejs- og Elektricitets Aktieselskab , which was merged with KS in 1919. With this last takeover of trams, the city of Copenhagen already had an extensive network of 14 lines of municipal KS, through which suburbs such as Hellerup, Brønshøj , Valby and Sundby on Amager could be reached.

From 1960 to 1966, Copenhagen purchased 100 new Duewag articulated vehicles and modernized the vehicle fleet with them. Despite this modernization step, the decision to discontinue the company was made a few years later. On April 22, 1972, the Københavns Sporveje (KS) as the operating company of the Copenhagen tram set the last operated line (line no. 5). The still comparatively new articulated trams from Duewag were sold to the Alexandria tram . Some trains and wagons from Copenhagen still run in Alexandria, Egypt . In 2001, two of the articulated vehicles returned to Denmark and were added to the collection of the Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum. KS was merged on October 1, 1974 with eleven other transport companies to form the new Hovedstadsområdets Trafikselskab . In 2000, this merged with other companies in HUR Trafik , which planned and handled all local transport in Hovedstads regions . On January 1, 2007, HUR Trafik was merged with Storstrøms Trafikselskab and Vestsjællands Trafikselskab to form the supraregional Trafikselskabet Movia , which is responsible for all local traffic east of the Great Belt , with the exception of Bornholm .

  • The waiting hall on Trianglenplatz, built in 1904-07.

  • Tram on Rådhuspladsen around 1963, car line 19.

  • Frederiksborggade 1970, line 5 train.

  • Former Copenhagen tram car in Alexandria.

København Ring 3 Letbane

planning

There are plans to build København Ring 3 Letbane for Copenhagen as a so-called light railway as a supplement to the metropolitan suburban transport system, S-tog and U-Bahn . According to a study by Denmark's Technical University , such a railway would fill existing gaps in Copenhagen's local transport network. The concept includes lines or streets that correspond in parts to the route of the former Copenhagen tram.

In June 2013, the Danish Folketing reached an agreement to build almost 30 km of the Letbane between Lyngby and Ishøj. The Danish state, the Hovedstaden region and some municipalities want to share the costs .

The prequalification for the individual construction sections and technical lots began in November 2015. The preparatory construction work should begin in late summer 2017; the line is expected to open from 2023 to 2024. Template: future / in 4 yearsAccording to the current state of planning, there will be 28 stations on a 28 km long route, and six stations will then provide transfer options to the S-Bahn. A frequency of twelve trains per hour (on weekdays) for 13-14 million passengers per year is planned. The vehicles are to be 35 meters long and transport 200–230 passengers. A total of 4 billion DKK is expected.

Project realization

On March 14, 2018, it was announced that Siemens and the Danish company Per Aarsleff had been commissioned to implement this tram project. The double-track line will be 28 km long with 29 stops. The scope of supply includes 27 four-part Siemens Avenio trams with 64 seats and 199 standing places, which can carry around 44,000 passengers a day. The route is scheduled to open in 2024.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Aarhuus Sporvejsselskab. Retrieved July 11, 2013 (Danish).
  2. ↑ Odense, Elspårväg, October 9, 1911 to June 30, 1952, 1435 mm. (PDF) Retrieved February 11, 2016 (Swedish).
  3. ↑ Peter Stanners Light Rail, touted as a cure for city traffic jams, Copenhagen Post April 6, 2013 , Copenhagen Post by Ejvind Sandal, accessed July 14, 2013.
  4. ↑ Copenhagen Railway Company Ltd. Retrieved July 11, 2013 (Danish).
  5. ^ NK Zeeberg: Line 14 - Trafikken ad Strandvejen til Klampenborg . Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum brochure
  6. ↑ Kjøbenhavns Sporvei-Selskab, Hovedlinjen. Retrieved July 11, 2013 (Danish).
  7. ↑ De kjøbenhavnske Sporveje (DKS). Retrieved July 11, 2013 (Danish).
  8. ↑ Former company website of NESA, published at 1902-45 nesa.dk ( Memento from December 26, 2005 in the Internet Archive ), accessed July 11, 2013 (Danish)
  9. ↑ Strøm til danskerne Publications of the Lokalhistorisk Arkiv i Gentofte , accessed on July 13, 2013.
  10. ↑ Frederiksberg Sporvejsselskab . Retrieved July 12, 2013 (Danish).
  11. ↑ Frederiksberg Sporvejs- og Elektricitets Aktieselskab . Retrieved July 12, 2013 (Danish).
  12. ^ Arne Melby Pedersen: Københavns Sporveje. In: sporvej.dk. Retrieved May 16, 2019 (Danish).
  13. ↑ Short chronicle at sporvej.dk (Danish) accessed on July 9, 2013.
  14. ↑ Car 815 on the side of the museum , Car 890 on the side of the museum (accessed July 9, 2013)
  15. ↑ Peter Stanners ibid .
  16. ↑ Anders Olshov: Letbane Ring 3. In: Øresunds Regions - Københavns outnyttjade möjlighet. Gyldendal Business, 2013, ISBN 978-87-02-14739-1 .
  17. ↑ Ritzau Nyheder and Politisk aftale om letbane i Capital he på plads. In: Ekstra Bladet . København, June 19, 2013.
  18. ↑ Hovedstadens Letbane. Retrieved October 7, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Siemens builds tram system in the greater Copenhagen area. Siemens AG, March 14, 2018, accessed on March 22, 2018 (press release).

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