Stephen Crane (Author)

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Stephen Crane

Stephen Crane (born November 1, 1871 in Newark , New Jersey , † June 5, 1900 in Badenweiler , Grand Duchy of Baden ) was an American writer .

Life

Stephen Crane was born the 14th child of a Methodist family to the preacher Jonathan Towley Crane and his wife Mary Helen Peck.

Crane started writing as a child. He later studied at Lafayette College (Easton, Penn.) And at Syracuse University , but dropped out after the death of his parents in 1890 after a few months and began his writing career as a journalist in New York , where he mainly wrote about the Reported life in the city's slums . He brought this experience into his first novel, Maggie. A Girl of the Streets (1893), which treated the subject mentioned in the title in a naturalistic manner. When the book was published, it was generally rejected because of its relentless presentation and alleged insult to morality.

To date, Crane is mainly for the red Bravery Medal ( The Red Badge of Courage known in 1895), with which he achieved his literary breakthrough. This novel impressively describes the experiences of a young soldier in the American Civil War and was filmed under the same title in 1951 with Audie Murphy as the leading actor .

In 1898 Crane settled in Sussex , England , and came into contact with great literary figures there, including Joseph Conrad and Henry James . Because of his literary fame, he was hired as a war correspondent . Through this he saw the Greco-Turkish War in 1897, and a year later the Spanish-American War . On a trip to Cuba in early 1897, where he was supposed to report on the rebellion there , he was shipwrecked and drifted for several days in an open boat, which further worsened his already compromised health. His experiences as a castaway he worked in literature, published in the same year story "The Open Boat" (dt. " In the lifeboat ") which even today is still considered a classic masterpiece of American fiction of the 19th and 20th century, for example, motifs in German post-war literature was resumed.

In 1898 he published the short story volume The Open Boat and Other Tales , in 1900, the year of his death, Whilomville Stories ; His work also includes two volumes of poetry ( The Black Riders and Other Lines (1895) and War is Kind and Other Lines (1899)).

Crane suffered from tuberculosis and was desperately trying to get a cure. So he came to Badenweiler in Germany, where he succumbed to his illness in June 1900 at the age of 28. He found his final resting place in the Evergreen Cemetery of Hillside , New Jersey .

Works

prose
  • Maggie. A girl of the streets . Reclam, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-15-009289-2 (English; EA New York 1893)
    • German, Maggie, the street kid . Edition Martus, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-928606-22-0 (EA Leipzig 1897)
  • The Red Badge of Courage. An episode from the American Civil War . Salem Press, Pasadena, Calif. 2011, ISBN 978-1-58765-707-8 (EA New York 1895)
    • German: The blood mark . Kessler, Mannheim 1954 (translated by Hans Umstätter)
    • German: The flag of courage . Forum-Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 1955 (translated by Milo Dor )
    • German: The red seal . Verlag Volk & Welt, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-353-00741-5 (EA Berlin 1962, translated by Eduard Klein )
    • German: The red medal for bravery . Diogenes-Verlag, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-257-21299-2 (translated by Eduard Klein and Klaus Marschke)
    • German: The red medal for bravery . Neobooks, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-8476-2045-7 (translated by Jan Moewes )
  • George's Mother . Edward Arnold Books, London 1896.
  • The Little Regiment, and other episodes of the American Civil War . Appleton, New York 1896
  • The Third Violet . Appleton, New York 1897.
  • The Open Boat and other tales of adventure . Scholarly Press, St. Clair Shores, Mich. 1969 (reprint of the New York 1897 edition)
    • German: In the lifeboat . Müller & Kiepenheuer, Bergen 1948.
    • German: Men in the boat and other stories (Klosterberg Collection / New Series). Schwabe publishing house, Basel 1955.
    • German: The open boat and other stories ; Translation by Lucien Deprijck . Hamburg: Mare, 2016, ISBN 978-3-86648-263-0 .
  • The Blue Hotel . Merrill Publ., Columbus, Ohio 1969 (reprinted from London 1899 edition)
    • German: The blue hotel . Herbig, Berlin 1936 (translated by Hermann Stresen)
    • German: The blue hotel . Fischer-Taschenbuchverlag, Frankfurt / M. 1967 (translated by Eduard Klein)
  • The monsters and other stories . Harper, New York 1899.
    • German: The monster. Narration . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1972 (translated by Uwe Lassen)
  • Avtive service . Heinemann, London 1899.
  • Whilomville Stories . Scholarly Press, St. Clair Shores, Mich. 1990, ISBN 0-403-00013-0 (reprint of the London 1900 edition)
  • Wounds in the Rain were stories . Books for Libraries, Plainview, 1976, ISBN 0-8369-4145-4 (reprint of the New York 1900 edition)
Poetry
  • The Black Riders and other lines . University Press, Houston, Tx. 2009, ISBN 978-0-89263-017-2 (reprint of the London 1895 edition)
    • German: Black riders. Selected poems (Insel-Bücherei; 693). Insel-Verlag, Leipzig 1985 (bilingual)
  • War Is Kind and other poems . Dover Publ., London 1998, ISBN 0-486-40424-2 (reprint of New York 1899 edition).
  • Stephen Crane Poems Vol. 1 (bilingual) , Erfurt / Magdeburg 2004 ISBN 3-931069-18-4
Work editions
  • Stories and tales . Vintage Books, New York 1955.
  • Great short works of Stephen Crane . Harper & Row, New York 1995, ISBN 0-06-083032-8 .
  • The works of Stephen Crane . University Press, Charlottesville, Va. 1969/75 (10 vol.)
  • Small novels and short stories (Dieterich Collection; 222). Dieterichs, Leipzig 1985 (translated by Barbara Cramer-Neuhaus)
  • Master tales . Diogenes-Verlag, Zurich 1993, ISBN 3-257-22591-1 (translated by Walter E. Richartz )
  • Master tales . Manesse Verlag, Zurich 1985, ISBN 3-7175-1684-1 (translated by Fritz Güttinger )

Film adaptations

  • John Huston (Director): The Red Medal of Valor. 1951 (based on The red badge of courage ).
    • Remake : Lee Philips (Director): The red badge of courage. 1974
    • Remake: Václav Marhoul (Director): Tobruk. 2008
  • Albert Band (Director): Face of Fire. 1959 (based on the story The monster )
  • Stanislav Barabáš (Director): The Blue Hotel. 1973 (based on the story The blue hotel )
    • Remake: Ján Kadár (Director): The blue hotel. 1977
    • Remake: Andrew George (Director): The blue hotel. 1997

literature

Essays
Books
  • Robert W. Stallman: Stephen Crane. A biography . Braziller, New York 1973, ISBN 0-8076-0447-X (EA New York 1968)
  • Friedel H. Bastein: Stephen Cranes' reception in Germany (= Anglo-American Forum; 3). Lang, Frankfurt 1977, ISBN 3-261-02329-5 .
  • John Berryman : Stephen Crane. A critical biography . Cooper Square Press, New York 2001. ISBN 0-8154-1115-4 .
  • Linda H. Davis: Badge of courage. The life of Stephen Crane . Houghton Mifflin, Boston et al. 1998. ISBN 0-89919-934-8 .
  • Perry Lentz: Private Fleming at Chancellorsville. "The red badge of courage" and the Civil War . University of Missouri Press, Columbia 2006. ISBN 978-0-8262-1654-0 .
  • Giorgio Mariani: Spectacular narratives. Representations of class and war in Stephen Crane and the American 1890s. Lang, New York et al. 1992. (= American university studies; Series 24; American literature; 37) ISBN 0-8204-1875-7 .
  • Lee Clark Mitchell: Determined fictions. American literary naturalism . Columbia Univ. Press, New York, NY 1989. ISBN 0-231-06898-0 .
  • Klaus Poenicke: American naturalism. Crane, Norris , Dreiser . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft WBG, Darmstadt 1982. (= income from research; 167). ISBN 3-534-08123-4
  • Michael Robertson: Stephen Crane, journalism, and the making of modern American literature . Columbia University Press , New York 1997 ISBN 0-231-10968-7
  • Britta Salheiser: Conflicting stories of war. On the polyphony of narrative forms of representation in Stephen Crane's The Red Badge of Courage. Knowledge Verl., Trier 2006. (= Jena Studies in English and American Studies; 10) ISBN 978-3-88476-807-5 .
  • João Sedycias: The naturalistic novel of the New World. A comparative study of Stephen Crane, Aluísio Azevedo , and Federico Gamboa . Univ. Press of America, Lanham, Md. 1993. ISBN 0-8191-8941-3 .
  • Britta Stöckmann: Translating the Wild West. Stephen Crane in German translation. Translation problems and strategies using the example of the translation comparison of the German language versions of Stephen Cranes western tales "The bride comes to yellow sky" and "The blue hotel" . (= European university publications; series 14; Anglo-Saxon language and literature; 419) Lang, Frankfurt 2005. ISBN 3-631-54255-0 .
  • Stanley Wertheim: A Stephen Crane encyclopedia . Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn. 1997 ISBN 0-313-29692-8
  • Paul Sorrentino: Stephen Crane. A life of fire . Belknap Press of Harvard University Press , Cambridge (Massachusetts) 2014 ISBN 978-0-674-04953-6

Web links

Commons : Stephen Crane  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The open boat and other stories, Mare Verlag, Hamburg 2016, 1st edition
  2. ↑ cf. B. Manfred Durzak: The German short story of the present: author portraits - workshop talks - interpretations , Reclam-Verlag, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-15-010293-6 , p. 219 f. or Horst Oppel: Stephen Crane • The Open Boat. In: Karl Heinz Göller et. al. (Ed.): The American Short Story . August Bagel Verlag, Düsseldorf 1972, ISBN 3-513-02212-3 , pp. 194f. or the corresponding Wikipedia article on In the lifeboat .
  3. ^ Contents: The little regiment. - Three miracolous soldiers. - A mystery of heroism. - A Indiana campaign. - A gray slave. - The veteran.
  4. ↑ Content: The open boat. - A man and some others. - One dash. - Horses. - Flanagan. - The bride comes to Yellow Sky. - The wise men. - Death and the child. - The five white mice.
  5. ↑ Contents: The monster. - Blue hotel. - His new mittens.
  6. ↑ Contents: The angel child. - Lynx hunting. - The lover and the telltale. - Making an orator. - Shame. - The carriage lamps. - The knife. - The stove. - The trial, execution, and burial of Homer Phelps. - The fight. - The city urchin and the chaste villagers. - A little pilgrimage.
  7. ↑ Contents: The prince of harness. - The love charge of William B. Perkins. - The clan of no-name. - God rest ye, merry gentleman. - The revenge of the Adolphus. - The sergeant's private mad-house. - Virtue was in. - Marines signaling under fire at Guantanamo. - The majestic lie. - Was memories. - The second generation.
  8. ↑ Contents: Maggie, a girl from the street. - George's mother. - The men in the storm. - Poverty on trial. - Maybe a hero. - The staring face. - A war episode. - The open boat. - The blue hotel. - The bride is coming to Yellow Sky. - The monster.
personal data
SURNAME Crane, Stephen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American writer
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Newark , New Jersey, United States
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1900
Place of death Badenweiler , Grand Duchy of Baden