Pride

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Pride
Stolzite - Darwin District, Inyo Co, California, USA.jpg
Stolzite crystals on host rock, 27 × 27 × 26 mm.
Location: Darwin District, Inyo County, California, USA
General and classification
chemical formula β-Pb [WO 4 ]
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Sulfates
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		7.GA.05 ( 8th edition : VI / G.01)
01/48/03/02
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system tetragonal
Crystal class ; symbol tetragonal-dipyramidal; 4 / m
Room group (no.) I 4 1 / a (No. 88)
Lattice parameters a  = 5.50  Å ; c  = 12.12 Å
Formula units Z  = 4
Frequent crystal faces {111}, {101}, {011}, {112}, {001}
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 2.5 to 3
Density (g / cm 3 ) measured: 8.34; calculated: 8.408
Cleavage good after {001}; indistinct after {011}
Break ; Tenacity shell-like to uneven
colour gray-yellow, brown, orange-yellow, red, green
Line color White
transparency transparent to translucent
shine Diamond luster, resin luster
Crystal optics
Refractive indices n ω  = 2.270
n ε  = 2.180 to 2.190
Birefringence δ = 0.090
Optical character uniaxial negative

Stolzite , also known under various, outdated, mining names such as Scheelbleierz , Wolframbleierz , Scheelblebleispat (h) and Scheelsaures lead , is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of "sulfates, selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates and wolframates", more precisely a lead tungstate with the chemical composition β-Pb [WO 4 ]. It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system and develops mostly thick tabular to short columnar or pointed, dipyramidal crystals , but also sheaf-shaped to spherical aggregates of gray-yellow, brown, orange-yellow, red or green color. The crystal surfaces show a resinous to diamond shine .

Stolzite crystallizes isomorphically to wulfenite (Pb [MoO 4 ]) and scheelite (Ca [WO 4 ]), so it forms identical crystal forms.

Etymology and history

The mineral was first mentioned in 1820 by August Breithaupt in his publication "Brief Characteristics of the Mineral System", who called it the tetragonal (Scheel) lead path. The name Stolzit, which is still valid today, was given to the mineral in 1845 by Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger , who named it after Joseph Alexander Stolz (1803-1896).

The type locality is the place Cínovec (German: Böhmisch Zinnwald ) in the Czech Republic near the German-Czech border or the nearby German place Zinnwald-Georgenfeld in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains.

Type material of the mineral is kept at the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg in Germany (catalog no. 17596).

classification

In the old systematics of minerals according to Strunz (8th edition) , the stolzite forms together with paraniite (Y) , powellite , scheelite and wulfenite a separate group in the department of "molybdates and wolframates" and the class of "sulfates, selenates, Tellurates, Chromates, Molybdates and Wolframates ”. Since the reorganization of Strunz's mineral systematics (9th edition) , the department has been subdivided more finely and the mineral can now be found in the subdivision of "Molybdates and Wolframates without additional anions or H 2 O". The still existing mineral group was expanded to include the minerals fergusonite (Ce) , fergusonite (Nd) (N) and fergusonite (Y) .

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is more strictly sorted according to the crystal structure , assigns the stolzite to the division of "anhydrous molybdates and wolframates with the general composition A XO4". There it only forms its own group together with Wulfenit.

Modifications and varieties

Raspit is a monoclinic modification of lead tungstate.

Education and Locations

Light yellow prolzite crystal from the Sainte-Lucie mine, France (size: 5.3 cm × 5.4 cm × 2.1 cm)
Tabular, light yellow stolzite crystals and prismatic, dark orange raspite crystal from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia

Stolzite is a typical secondary mineral that is formed by weathering from primary lead minerals in the presence of solutions containing tungsten. As accompanying minerals may include Anglesite , Cerussite , Mimetite , Pyromorphite and raspite occur.

The Sainte-Lucie mine near Saint-Léger-de-Peyre in the French department of Lozère , where crystals of up to 6 centimeters in size emerged, is known for its extraordinary stolzite finds . Crystals up to 2.5 centimeters in size and crystal needles are known from Broken Hill in the Australian state of New South Wales and Tsumeb in Namibia.

In Germany, the mineral has so far been found in several pits in the Black Forest such as the Clara pit near Oberwolfach in Baden-Württemberg, in the Steinerleinbach quarry near Röhrnbach in Bavaria, near Straßberg (Harzgerode) in Saxony-Anhalt and in several pits near Altenberg , Bad Gottleuba -Berggießhübel , Clausnitz and Halsbrücke in the Saxon Ore Mountains can be discovered.

In Austria, Stolzite has so far only been found near Bad Bleiberg in Carinthia, as well as a few slag heaps in the Hüttwinkl Valley ( Rauris Valley ) and some gold mines near Schellgaden in Salzburg's Lungau .

The only known site in Switzerland so far is Tête Noire in Val Trient in the canton of Valais.

Other locations are among others in Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Greece, Italy, Japan, Canada, Kazakhstan, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Russia, Sweden, Spain, Slovakia, Thailand, the Czech Republic, Hungary, im United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA).

Crystal structure

Stolzite crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system in the space group I 4 1 / a (space group no. 88) with the lattice parameters a  = 5.50  Å and c  = 12.12 Å as well as four formula units per unit cell .

See also

literature

  • W. Haidinger: Second class: Geogenide. II. Order. Barytes. VII. Lead base. Pride In: Handbook of determining mineralogy. In Braumüller and Seidel, Vienna 1845, pp. 499–506 ( PDF 512 kB )
  • Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz : Klockmann's textbook of mineralogy . 16th edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 620 (Stolzit or Scheelbleierz) .

Web links

Commons : Stolzite  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Webmineral - Stolzite (English)
  2. ^ A b c Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  419 .
  3. ↑ a b c Stolzite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 63.6 kB )
  4. ↑ a b c d Mindat - Stolzite (English)
  5. ^ Meyers Konversationslexikon - Wolframbleierz
  6. ↑ August Breithaupt: Brief Characteristics of the Mineral System , Freiberg 1820, p. 14 available online in the Google book search
  7. ↑ Mineralienatlas: Stolzite
  8. ↑ Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Mineral Encyclopedia . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 152 ( Dörfler Natur ).
  9. ↑ Find location list for Stolzite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat