Wilhelm von Haidinger

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Wilhelm Haidinger, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1844

Wilhelm Karl Haidinger , from 1865 Knight von Haidinger (born February 5, 1795 in Vienna , † March 19, 1871 in Dornbach near Vienna, in today's 17th district of Vienna ) was an Austrian geologist and mineralogist .

Life

Like his father, Karl Haidinger , Wilhelm was also interested in the constituents of the earth's crust. From 1812 he studied mineralogy at the Johanneum in Graz with Friedrich Mohs and from 1817 continued his studies with Mohs at the Bergakademie Freiberg , after he had taken over his chair in Freiberg as the successor to Abraham Gottlob Werner . He assisted Karl Gustav Adalbert von Weissenbach in cataloging Werner's rock collections and made drawings of the minerals.

Between 1822 and 1826 he toured Europe with the banker Thomas Allan from Edinburgh and translated Mohs into English. With his two brothers Eugen Haidinger (1790–1861) and Rudolf Haidinger (1792–1866), he ran the family-owned porcelain manufacturer Gebrüder Haidinger in Elbogen in western Bohemia , which was founded in 1811 .

In 1840 Haidinger was appointed as Bergrat to Vienna. He directed, organized and recorded the mineral collection of the Hofkammer and in 1845 published a geognostic map for the Austrian states.

On 15 November 1849 Emperor met Franz Joseph the resolution , which he the kk Ministry of Landescultur and Mining instructed to "establish a geological Reichsanstalt". On November 29, 1849, he appointed Haidinger director of the “ Imperial and Royal Geological Institute” in Vienna (now the Federal Geological Institute ), which he was director for 17 years.

Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger retired in 1866. He was the first to describe the Knyahinya meteorite , which fell in what was then Austrian territory in what is now the Ukrainian Forest Carpathians .

Honors

In 1824 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . Haidinger has been registered as a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences since April 7, 1842 . In 1847 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina , in 1847 he was elected a corresponding member and in 1859 a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1852 he was made an honorary member of the Nassau Association for Natural History . Since 1855 he was an elected member of the American Philosophical Society and the Académie des sciences in Paris. In 1856 he was accepted as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

In 1854 he received the Knight's Cross of the Order of Albrecht from the King of Saxony . As a token of gratitude and admiration, Haidinger was the first to receive the Haidinger Medal named after him on April 29, 1856 , the highest award that has been awarded by the Federal Geological Institute since then. In 1857 he was accepted into the Order Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts . For his services as director he was made Erbritter as a knight by Haidinger in 1865 .

Haidingerite , a mineral, was named in his honor . In New Zealand , Mount Haidinger and a lunar crater on the moon were named after him. The contrast phenomenon of polarized light described between 1844 and 1854 is named after its discoverer Haidinger-Büschel . The dichroscope developed by Haidinger , a magnifying glass for analyzing crystals, is also known as a Haidinger magnifying glass .

He was given a grave of honor in the Vienna Central Cemetery (group 0, row 1, number 7). In 1974 the Haidingergasse in Wien- Landstrasse (3rd district) was named after him.

Fonts

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ yearbook of the kais. geological empire institute. 1 year (1850), first quarter, pp. 5–6
  2. ^ Fellows Directory. Biographical Index: Former RSE Fellows 1783–2002. (PDF) Royal Society of Edinburgh, accessed December 14, 2019 .
  3. ^ Member entry by Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  4. ^ Member entry by Wilhelm Ritter von Haidinger (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 6, 2016.
  5. ↑ Member History: Wilhelm K. von Haidinger. American Philosophical Society, accessed September 19, 2018 .
  6. ^ List of members since 1666: Letter H. Académie des sciences, accessed on November 21, 2019 (French).
  7. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Wilhelm Haidinger. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 13, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Official part. In:  Wiener Zeitung , December 27, 1854, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / wrz

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personal data
SURNAME Haidinger, Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haidinger, Wilhelm Karl Ritter von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian geologist and mineralogist
DATE OF BIRTH February 5, 1795
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH March 19, 1871
Place of death Vienna- Dornbach