Synagogue (Konstanz)
The synagogue in Konstanz , the district town of the district of Konstanz in Baden-Württemberg , was built in 1882/1883 and destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 . This first synagogue was on Sigismundstrasse. A new building was inaugurated in 2019.
history
The Jewish community of Konstanz tried to build a synagogue from 1872. The property at Sigismundstrasse 19 was purchased from the Konstanz Hospital Foundation and, thanks to numerous donations and a loan, the financing was secured. The synagogue was built according to the plans of the architect and city builder Holzmann from Constance. The inauguration, attended by numerous representatives of the state and municipal authorities and the Christian churches, took place on September 28, 1883
architecture
Erich Bloch, after whom the Dr.-Erich-Bloch-und-Lebenheim library is named, describes the synagogue in his book as follows:
“[It] had a basic Romanesque character with elements of the Renaissance style . The main portal was flanked by two smaller tower-like domes . The synagogue stood a little in the background of the street and was framed at the sides and back by bushes, trees and lawns. The front was finished with an ornate iron grille and had three entrances. The interior of the synagogue was a three- aisled hall. Opposite the entrance there was a prayer and preacher's pulpit raised by three steps , and in the apse was the Torah shrine and above it the choir with an organ . On the upper floor there were deeply staggered galleries on both sides and at the back . Architect Holzmann had the tasteful interior decorations made by the painter Brasch from Karlsruhe. The windows were adorned with ornamental stained glass , which put the room in a subdued light of devotional mood. - The synagogue formed an artistic counterpart to the neighboring Augustinian church . "
In 1931 the synagogue was extensively modernized and a new organ was installed at the same time.
organ
The first organ was built in 1898 by the organ building company Mönch (Überlingen). The purely mechanical instrument had 11 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The organ has been in the Catholic parish church of St. Sebastian, Hubertshofen ( Donaueschingen ) since 1925 .
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time of the nationalsocialism
During the Nazi era , the synagogue was set alight on November 1, 1936 and the Torah shrine, the organ and four compartments in the synagogue stalls, in which the prayer robes and books were kept, were burned. The plaster on the inside walls and the chairs were damaged by the heat.
After the synagogue was repaired in 1937 by the architect Fritz Nathan , it was set on fire by SS men under the leadership of Walter Stein during the Night of the Reichspogrom from November 9th to 10th, 1938 . The Constance fire brigade, which was involved in the fire, was not allowed to extinguish the fire. On the morning of November 10, 1938, the synagogue's fire ruins were finally blown up by a pioneer unit from III./ SS-VT “Germania” stationed in Radolfzell .
Commemoration
From 1946 to 1960, a memorial stone made from fragments of the synagogue on the property , which is now in the Jewish cemetery .
Today a plaque commemorates the first synagogue . In addition, a few steps from their location is a memorial to commemorate the deportation of 108 Jews from Konstanz in 1940 to Gurs in the French Pyrenees as part of the Wagner-Bürckel campaign .
New building
The synagogue site was rebuilt with a commercial building in which the Jewish community has had a prayer room since 1964. The first Jewish services were held there on Pesach in spring 1964. In 1964 the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Freiburg-Konstanz was founded, which was initially united with one in the Breisgau town. In 1988 the Konstanz community gained its independence.
At the end of the 1990s, the influx of Jewish refugees from the former Soviet Union led to an expansion of the private synagogue. The building houses the Dr.-Erich-Bloch-und-Lebenheim library and has had a mikveh since 2008 .
Since 2002 the Konstanz communities and the Israelite religious community in Baden have been planning a new building near the original square. Although the city wanted to leave the property free, the project was delayed several times due to the high construction costs. It was discussed how the interests of the Israelite Religious Community (IRG) Baden as the umbrella organization, the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Konstanz (IKG) as an orthodox community and the Jewish community of Konstanz as a liberal community can be taken into account in the new building. A point of contention was whether the prayer room should be built gender-segregated according to the orthodox view, or jointly for all genders according to the liberal view. It was finally agreed on a gallery on which only women should stay during the Sabbath and on holidays. In addition, the liberal part of the congregation was given additional rooms in which they can pray together.
The city of Constance gave the religious community the listed former “Anker” inn and the neighboring property free of charge. Construction work on the new synagogue at Sigismundstrasse 8 began in 2016 and was completed in autumn 2019 after a three-year construction period. The cost was around 5 million euros. The new synagogue was built and financed by the Israelite Religious Community of Baden, with the city of Constance contributing 155,000 euros. The inauguration of the new synagogue took place on November 10, 2019, 81 years to the day after the Reichspogromnacht.
The building includes a large prayer room with a gallery, another smaller prayer room, community rooms, a kitchen and a mikveh, an immersion bath for ritual cleansing.
See also
literature
- Erich Bloch: History of the Jews of Konstanz in the 19th and 20th centuries. 3. Edition. Stadler, Konstanz 1996, ISBN 3-7977-0355-4 .
- Joachim Hahn , Jürgen Krüger : Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities. Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 , pp. 520-522 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany. Volume 4).
- Erhard Roy Wiehn : Jewish Life and Suffering in Constance - 50 Years of the Israelite Religious Community 1964–2014. Constance 2014.
- Franz-Josef Ziwes (Ed.): Baden synagogues from the time of Grand Duke Friedrich I in contemporary photographs. G. Braun, Karlsruhe 1997, ISBN 3-7650-8177-9 , pp. 34-35.
Web links
- Synagogue Konstanz near Alemannia Judaica (history and photos, until 2018)
- Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Konstanz
Individual evidence
- ↑ Erich Bloch: History of the Jews of Konstanz in the 19th and 20th centuries . 3. Edition. Stadler, Konstanz 1996, ISBN 3-7977-0355-4 .
- ^ Synagogue Konstanz: On the history of the Jewish community. In: Alemannia Judaica. Retrieved November 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Information about the organ on the website of the organ builder.
- ↑ Homepage of the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Konstanz , accessed on December 8, 2014.
- ^ Synagogue in Constance endangered. Stuttgarter Zeitung July 1, 2012.
- ↑ Michael Lunstroth: When two argue. In: Südkurier, April 15, 2015, p. 20.
- ↑ a b c Lukas Ondreka: After three years of construction, the new synagogue in Constance opens. In: Südkurier. November 9, 2019, accessed November 9, 2019 .
- ↑ 81 years after destruction: Konstanz has a synagogue again. In: Spiegel Online . November 10, 2019, accessed November 11, 2019 .
- ^ Inauguration of the new synagogue. In: Synagogue Community of Constance. Retrieved November 9, 2019 .
- ↑ a b New synagogue inaugurated in Constance; Kretschmann reaffirms common fight against anti-Semitism. In: SWR Aktuell . November 10, 2019, accessed November 11, 2019 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 ′ 30 " N , 9 ° 10 ′ 31.8" E