Milliyet

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Milliyet
The Milliyet logo
description Turkish daily newspaper
publishing company Demirören Holding
Headquarters İzzet Paşa Mah., Abide-i Hürriyet Cd No, 162, Şişli / Istanbul
First edition May 3, 1950
Frequency of publication Every day
Sold edition 135,481 copies
(January 2017)
Editor-in-chief vacant
editor Erdoğan Demirören
Web link Milliyet

Milliyet ( nationality ) is a leading Turkish daily newspaper based in Istanbul and one of the oldest newspapers in the country. For a long time it was considered center-left, now Eurotopics has classified it as “conservative”. The motto printed on the title head is Basında Güven (“Trust in the press”).

Beginnings (1926–1935)

May 11, 1933: "There are two Mustafa Kemals ..."

Milliyet was founded in 1926 by Mahmut Nedim Soydan, an influential MP of the then state party CHP , with the permission of state founder Mustafa Kemal Ataturk . Soydan belonged to the circle around the CHP politician Celâl Bayar , who campaigned for a cautiously capitalist economic policy and against an overly strict statism . For Soydan, the Milliyet was a means of promoting the economic policy views of his group.

Tan Newspaper (1935–1945)

In 1935 Soydan sold the paper to the journalist Ali Naci Karacan , under whom the newspaper was renamed Tan ( Twilight ). After a year he sold it to Ahmet Emin Yalman and the couple Sabiha and Zekeriya Sertel , three journalists who had come to the paper with Karacan. Ultimately, the Sertels remained the sole owners. Under her leadership, Tan developed into a between socialist - Kemalist , but above all anti-fascist newspaper, which campaigned against the sympathizers of Nazi Germany in the Turkish public and politics. In addition to the editors, the authors included Halil Lütfi Dördüncü, Refik Halit Karay , Aziz Nesin , Sabahattin Ali , Refi Cevad Ulunay, Bedii Faik Akın and Behice Boran .

On December 4, 1945, the Tan building in the Sirkeci district of Istanbul was besieged by around 10,000 people, nationalists , Islamists and Turanists . In anticommunism combines the amount "Allah Allah" and chanted "Death to the Communists"; the printing presses were destroyed, and the Sertel couple narrowly escaped a lynching. The Soviet leadership filed a protest note. She suspected that the attack was secretly controlled by the Turkish leadership around İsmet İnönü because Tan had criticized the Turkish government for the confrontation with the Soviet Union towards the end of the Second World War .

The Sertels and the Tan author Nail Çakırhan were arrested after the attack on the editorial staff and sentenced to one year imprisonment for “denigrating the government and parliament”. Formally, the newspaper still existed, but after the attack, which went down in Turkish history as Tan Olayı (" Tan incident"), the newspaper was no longer able to continue to appear.

Karacan / İpekçi era (1950–1979)

Memorial for the murdered long-time editor-in-chief Abdi İpekçi in Nişantaşı

In 1950 Ali Naci Karacan, who had switched to the Anadolu news agency after leaving , bought the newspaper back. On 3 May 1950 eleven days before the election victory of the Democratic Party , the newspaper appeared again under its old name Milliyet , many authors of Tan era survived the sheet.

In 1954 a new newspaper head was introduced, the main features of which have been preserved to the present day. In addition, the motto "independent, political newspaper" was replaced by "newspaper of the people" (Halkın Gazetesi) - a motto that was only replaced by the current one forty years later.

In the same year, Abdi İpekçi joined the paper, who was to make a significant contribution to the paper, initially as chief of staff and later as editor-in-chief. The publisher died in 1955 and his son Ercüment Karacan took over his inheritance.

Initially, the paper supported the democratization policy of the government of Prime Minister Adnan Menderes . But the more these authoritarian tendencies showed, the more the Milliyet distanced themselves.

Under Ercüment Karacan and Abdi İpekçi, the reporting was considered balanced; coined the tide of social democratic , socialist-liberal or left-wing socialist authors, including Çetin Altan , Mehmet Ali Birand , İsmail Cem , Bulent Ecevit , Ali Gevgilli, Reşad Ekrem Koçu Aziz Nesin , Örsan Öymen , Hasan Pulur, Peyami Safa , Mümtaz Soysal , Metin Toker and İpekçi himself.

This era ended when the editor-in-chief İpekçi was murdered on February 1, 1979 by the later papal assassin Mehmet Ali Ağca , a militant supporter of the Gray Wolves . The murder attracted international attention; the background could never be clarified. Five months later, the publisher Karacan sold Milliyet to the entrepreneur Aydın Doğan .

Doğan Era (1979-2011)

Doğan had previously worked in other business areas. With the purchase of Milliyet , he not only laid the foundation stone of his current media empire , but also heralded the era of large corporations in the Turkish press.

After the change of ownership and the military coup the following year, Milliyet tried to adapt to the changed circumstances. On the one hand, the trend towards tabloidisation also at the Milliyet not over. On the other hand, the newspaper repeatedly attracted attention with its journalistic work, for example in 1988 when Milliyet author Mehmet Ali Birand interviewed Abdullah Öcalan on the Lebanese Bekaa plain . It was the first interview with the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) in the Turkish press; the issue was banned.

From the 1990s onwards, Milliyet sought its place between the conservative - liberal , sometimes boulevard-esque Hürriyet (bought by Doğan in 1994) and the left-liberal quality newspaper Radikal (published from Doğan onwards). The left-liberal tradition was continued by authors such as Şahin Alpay , Altan Öymen , Derya Sazak , later Hasan Cemal , Can Dündar , Kadri Gürsel , Yasemin Çongar or Ece Temelkuran , while authors like Mehmet Barlas , Fikret Bila or Taha Akyol for more conservative-liberal positions stood.

Under Sedat Ergin (editor-in-chief 2005–2009) in particular, Milliyet was the first Turkish newspaper to focus on the Internet; In 2009 milliyet.com.tr was the sixth most visited website in Turkey. At Ergin's departure, the columnist Can Dündar attested that under Ergin's leadership Milliyet had followed a “dignified, balanced, fair oppositional line”.

Era Demirören (since 2011)

Hasan Cemal (photo from 2014), editor of Milliyet from 1998 to 2013

In April 2011, the Doğan Group, which was in financial distress due to additional tax claims, sold Milliyet and the Vatan daily to Demirören Holding , a conglomerate with good contacts to the AKP government . Ali Karacan, grandson of Milliyet's founder in 1950, was initially involved as a partner, but soon withdrew.

The first layoffs of editors from the newsroom and other departments soon followed . The cases involving better-known journalists and authors attracted more attention. The first to end in February 2012 was the collaboration with the well-known politics professor Nuray Mert , who had only started as a columnist the previous year. Mert attributed this to political pressure and interpreted her dismissal as a sign of the "freedoms" situation in Turkey. In December of the same year Tayfun Devecioğlu, who had taken over as editor-in-chief in 2009, was fired. Prior to this, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had publicly outraged a report by Devecioğlu about the then Chief of Staff Necdet Özel .

In spring 2013, Hasan Cemal , who has been an editor and author at Milliyet since 1998, was fired . The Milliyet had published some protocols of the talks, which at that time representatives of the government and politicians of the pro-Kurdish BDP on the prison island of Imrali led by Abdullah Ocalan. Erdoğan was publicly angry about this ("Down with such journalism"), while Cemal, avowedly a proponent of a peaceful solution to the Kurdish conflict , rejected the allegation of sabotage.

Soon afterwards, Can Dündar was released from MIlliyet after twelve years . The occasion was his criticism of the government on the nationwide protests around Gezi Park . “Maybe it was a factor that the boss didn't like my lyrics. But I think that the government in particular didn't like them, ”said Dündar afterwards.

At about the same time, Derya Sazak , who has been with Milliyet since 1982, and Devecioğlu's successor as editor-in-chief, had tried to fend off the resignation of Cemal and Dündar.

In the spring of 2014, in the wake of the corruption scandal, the recording of an illegally tapped telephone conversation between Prime Minister Erdoğan and CEO Demirören was made public: Erdoğan complained about the publication of the İmralı papers and called the editor-in-chief a “dishonorable, vile, lousy guy” his discharge. At the end of the four-minute long recording, the then 75-year-old Demiröen burst into tears and sobbed: "How did I get into that?"

Regardless of this, the political layoffs continued; in August 2015, nine editors and reporters were dismissed within a few days, including Kadri Gürsel, Kemal Göktaş and Mehveş Evin. In a guest post for Die Zeit , she wrote afterwards:

“Since the Gezi protests in 2013, the conservative AKP government has increased the pressure not only on the Milliyet newspaper, for which I had a column, but on all media outlets. I knew that I - like many of my colleagues - would be fired in the end because I write about critical topics such as human and women's rights, freedom of the press and freedom of expression, the Kurdish question and environmental pollution. "

- Mehveş Evin

Germany edition

Milliyet was published in Germany in 1972 and was able to establish itself for a long time alongside Tercüman (1970s / 1980s) and Sabah and Zaman (1990s / 2000s) as well as Hürriyet . The edition for other European countries was discontinued in the Doğan era. The last one appeared on May 8, 2010.

Web links

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Average sold circulation in the week of January 16-22 , 2017 according to Medya Tava
  2. ↑ Not occupied since editor-in-chief Fikret Bila resigned in June 2016 (as of February 7, 2017).
  3. ↑ Eurotopics, Milliyet , accessed February 6, 2017.
  4. ↑ Gül Karagöz Kızılca: Milliyet, Mahmut Soydan ve devletçilik tartışmaları , In: Selçuk İletişim, Vol. 2, Issue 4. (2003)
  5. ↑ a b Hülya Öztekin: Tan - Serteller yönetiminde muhalif bir gazete , Istanbul 2016.
  6. ↑ Can Dündar: Güçlüler suçlu suçlular güçlü , Cumhuriyet, December 4, 2015.
  7. ↑ Ümit Alan: Serteller'den Dündar'a ve Gül'e , Birgün, December 2, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b Doğan Akın: Milliyet ve mülkiyet , T24, July 30, 2013.
  9. ↑ Mehmet Ali Birand, Hayatım ( Memento of the original dated December 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mehmetalibirand.com.tr
  10. ↑ İnternette en çok ziyaret edilenler listesinde zirvede yine milliyet.com.tr Milliyet, June 9, 2009
  11. ↑ Sedat Ergin'e veda ederken , Milliyet, October 2nd 2009
  12. ↑ Demirören-Karacan ortaklığı Milliyet ve Vatan'ı satın alıyor , Hürriyet, April 21, 2011.
  13. ↑ Mert: Türkiye'de özgürlükler ortamının geldiği nokta hepimizin malumu , Radikal, February 21, 2012
  14. ↑ Milliyet'te jet değişiklik , Aydınlık, October 12, 2012.
  15. ↑ Hasan Cemal: Sayın Başbakan, tarihin eli yine omzunuzda, tarih bazen yaşarken de yakalanır! , Milliyet, March 2, 2013
  16. ↑ Dogan Akın: Hasan Cemal Milliyet'ten ayrılıyor! , T24, March 18, 2013.
  17. ↑ Can Dündar dismissed from daily Milliyet for critical Gezi stance , Hürriyet Daily News, August 1, 2013
  18. ↑ Can Dündar: Taksim: Özlediğimiz Türkiye'nin maketi [“A model of Turkey as we long for it”], Milliyet, June 8, 2013.
  19. ↑ a b Bugünkü sopa 28 Şubat'tan daha sert, havuç ise daha büyük , interview with Can Dündar, Radikal, August 13, 2013.
  20. ↑ Ve Demirören, Milliyet'te Derya Sazak'ın da köşesini kapattı! , T24, August 29, 2013.
  21. ↑ Turkey versus YouTube: Erdogan's draconian reaction to silence a scandal , The Independent, March 27, 2014.
  22. ↑ Andrew Finkel: Only one person is allowed to criticize  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Der Spiegel, December 20, 2015.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.spiegel.de  
  23. ↑ Milliyet'te 'kıyım'a devam Diken, August 31, 2015.
  24. ↑ Mehveş Evin: “Freedom of expression is at an end” , Die Zeit, September 25, 2015.
  25. ↑ Dogan is discontinuing two European issues , Werben & Sell, May 12, 2010.
  26. ^ European editions of two Turkish newspapers discontinued , Der Standard, May 13, 2010.