Tactile model
Touch models (also blind models or tactile models ) are scaled down, detailed three-dimensional reproductions of complete cities or city districts, sights or monuments. By touching this aid, blind and visually impaired people can get a better idea of the shapes, structures and dimensions of the objects shown. Distances and differences in height, the arrangement of buildings or the course of a river through a city can be read off with the fingertips of the model. City models are also used by tourists for information and orientation.
The tactile models are designed and designed by sculptors , object designers and model makers . As a rule, they are slightly raised on plinths and are usually also labeled in Braille .
used material
In contrast to plastic city models , which should not be touched and are therefore often surrounded by protective glass showcases, tactile models are made from particularly robust materials especially for the purpose of touching and feeling.
bronze
The most commonly used material for tactile models is bronze . Bronze models are made using the lost wax process, which enables particularly detailed and filigree reproduction. The most frequently touched areas of the bronze models are often noticeably shiny.
Most of the existing bronze city models were designed and manufactured by the German sculptor Egbert Broerken , whose work can be found in more than 120 locations in Germany , Austria , France and Switzerland .
aluminum
The 50 × 50 cm large tactile models of the Würzburg Residence , the Old Main Bridge , the St. Kilians Cathedral and the City Hall in Würzburg were made from weatherproof aluminum . These models were made in cooperation with the Würzburg Institute for the Blind by a model maker from the Vincent workshops there .
Brass
On the market square of the city of Neubrandenburg there is a tactile model made of brass , which has been coated with a protective layer against the weather. The 1.20 × 1.20 m model is shaped like a desk and shows the city center of Neubrandenburg.
Wood
Wooden tactile models are also shown in weather-protected interiors . They are made by wood carvers or crib builders. An example of this can be seen in the St. Lorenz Basilica in Kempten (Allgäu) . The basilica was recreated from solid wood by the crib maker Hermann Weiß on a scale of 1: 100; the domes are made of stiffened cardboard.
plastic
Since December 2015, a 91 cm high tactile model of the 91 meter high Völkerschlachtdenkmal has been on view in Leipzig , which was produced from plastic using innovative 3D printing technology . A special feature of this model is that the inside of the building can also be partially touched.
Costs and financing
Depending on the size of the model and the material used, tactile models can cost tens of thousands of euros. Funding is often provided by charitable clubs such as the local Lions club or Rotary club , foundations or nonprofits, or made possible through fundraising campaigns.
Touch models in German cities (selection)
- Berlin (city center and Museum Island )
- Erfurt (old town)
- Kempten (townscape from 1832, St. Lorenz Basilica)
- Königstein ( Königstein Fortress )
- Lübeck (old town)
- Potsdam ( Sanssouci Palace Park )
- Stralsund ( Ozeaneum )
- Ulm (old town)
- Westerland (city center)
The tactile model of Berlin's inner city on a scale of 1: 2,000 won the “Design for All Foundation Award 2013” design prize at the 8th International Design Biennale in Saint-Étienne in 2013.
Touch models in art and museum education
With a view to a barrier-free museum, new paths are being explored in art and museum education with tactile models. For example, tactile models with removable elements are produced from famous paintings . These models, mostly made of wood, are used in guided tours for the blind and visually impaired to illustrate the work of art.
During the exhibition “In the Light of Amarna”, which took place from the end of 2012 to mid-2013 in the Egyptian Museum on Museum Island in Berlin, a tactile model of the Nefertiti bust was made available for “understanding”.
Since January 2016, it has been possible to feel three-dimensional models of six wall paintings depicting Saxon history at the Albrechtsburg in Meißen , which were produced using the 3D printing process in A3 format. The nationally unique project was funded by the Saxon Ministry of Social Affairs with 42,000 euros.
See also
Web links
- Bronze city models by Egbert Broerken
- Touch models in the database of tourist offers for blind and visually impaired people in Germany
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bruno Elberfeld: Getting to know the city with a tactile model , Aachener Zeitung , August 30, 2015, aachener-zeitung.de, accessed on February 22, 2016
- ↑ a b c List of tactile models in Germany (selection) , databus.dbsv.org, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Details on the tactile model in Neubrandenburg , ostsee-Spezial.de, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ a b Feeling the Basilica with Your Hands, February 5, 2008, all-in.de, accessed on January 11, 2016
- ↑ Völkerschlachtdenkmal in 3D , report on the website of the city of Leipzig, leipzig.de, accessed on January 11, 2016
- ↑ a b tactile model of Berlin's inner city , stadtentwicklung.berlin.de, accessed on January 11, 2016
- ↑ Touch model of the Berlin Museum Island , visitberlin.de, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Touch model on the Erfurt fish market , bsvt-erfurt.de, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Description of the city model of Kempten (1832) , databus.dbsv.org, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Tastmodell auf Königstein , Dresdner Woche, May 28, 2014, sachsenwirtschaft.com, accessed on March 21, 2016, .pdf, p. 2
- ↑ Bronze model of the Sanssouci Palace Park , stadtentwicklung.berlin.de, accessed on January 11, 2016
- ↑ Touch model of the Ozeaneum in Stralsund , databus.dbsv.org, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Handover of the tactile model on the Münsterplatz ( memento of the original from January 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Homepage of the City of Ulm, ulm.de, accessed on February 21, 2016
- ↑ Description of the Westerland tactile model , databus.dbsv.org, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ Touch models in museum education in: Hartmut John and Anja Dauschek: Rethinking museums: Perspectives on cultural mediation and target group work , writings on culture and museum management, transcript Verlag, 2015, ISBN 978-3-839408-02-5 , p. 103.
- ↑ Beauty with just one eye , Deutschlandradio , December 6, 2012, deutschlandradio.de, accessed on March 21, 2016
- ↑ History from 3D printing: Tastmodelle , January 25, 2016, Die Welt , welt.de, accessed on March 21, 2016