Himalayan yew
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Himalayan yew ( Taxus wallichiana ) |
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| Taxus wallichiana | ||||||||||||
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The Himalayan yew ( Taxus wallichiana ) is a plant from the genus of yew ( Taxus ) within the family of yew plants (Taxaceae). It is native to East Asia.
description
Vegetative characteristics
The varieties of Taxus wallichiana grow as evergreen shrubs or trees . The trees reach heights of growth of up to 30 meters and the trunks at breast height (BHD) of up to 1.3 meters. The variably colored bark is gray-brown or reddish to purple-red and breaks up in stripes and comes off in scales.
The overlapping scales on the winter buds fall off early or some at the base of the branches are durable and triangular-ovoid. The needled branches are ± flat and 3 to 9 × 1.5 to 6 centimeters in outline.
The needles are almost sessile or stalked 1 millimeter long at angles of 50 to usually 60 to 90 ° to the branch axis. The needles are dark green and shiny on the top and lighter on the underside. With a length of usually 1.5 to 3.5 (0.9 to 4.7) centimeters and a width of usually 2 to 4 (1.5 to 5) millimeters, the needles are linear to lanceolate, usually sickle-shaped and narrower gradually towards the top. The middle nerve, which is slightly raised on the top of the needle, is 0.1 to 0.2 millimeters wide. The stomatal ligaments are light yellowish and 0.6 to 0.9 millimeters wide.
Generative characteristics
The Himalayan yew is dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The seed, which ripens from August to December, is 5 to 8 millimeters long and 3 to 5 millimeters wide. The seed coat ( arillus ) surrounding the seed is orange to red when ripe.
In China, pollination takes place from September to April and the seeds ripen from August to December.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
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Locations
In China, Taxus wallichiana grows depending on the variety in laurel, coniferous and mixed forests, in thickets, on deforested rocks or on open slopes at altitudes of 100 to 3500 meters.
Systematics and distribution
The first description of Taxus wallichiana was made in 1843 by Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini in treatises of Mathematics and Physics Classe Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences , Volume 3, Page 803, Table fifth
It is native to China , Vietnam , Taiwan , India , Bhutan , Nepal , Laos (unsafe), and Myanmar . The occurrences of the three varieties are not congruent, but partially overlap.
Some authors differentiate the following varieties within the species Taxus wallichiana :
- Taxus wallichiana var. Chinensis (Pilg.) Florin ( Syn .: Taxus baccata var. Chinensis Pilg. , Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder , Taxus baccata var. Sinensis A. Henry ): It is in northern Vietnam and in the Chinese provinces Anhui , Fujian , Gansu , Guangxi , Guizhou , Hubei , Hunan , Shaanxi , Sichuan , Yunnan and Zhejiang are common.
- Taxus wallichiana var. Mairei (Lemée & H.Lev.) LKFu & Nan Li (Syn .: Taxus chinensis var. Mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) WCCheng & LKFu , Taxus mairei (Lemée & H.Lév.) SYHu , Tsuga mairei Lemée & H.Lév. ): She is in northeastern India , Laos (unsafe), Myanmar , Vietnam , Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong , Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan , Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi , Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang.
- Taxus wallichiana var. Wallichiana (Syn .: Taxus yunnanensis W.C.Cheng & LKFu , Taxus wallichiana var. Yunnanensis (WCCheng & LKFu) CTKuan , Taxus baccata subsp. Wallichiana (Zucc.) Pilg. ): It is in India, Nepal , Bhutan , Myanmar , Vietnam , Tibet and the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan.
use
The Himalayan yew is often used for reforestation in its homeland . Their wood is used, among other things, as construction timber , for furniture and agricultural equipment.
swell
literature
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Taxaceae. : Taxus wallichiana Zuccarini , p. 80 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Robert R. Mill: Taxaceae. : Taxus wallichiana Zuccarini , p. 80 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 .
- ^ Taxus wallichiana at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Taxus wallichiana at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed April 4, 2019.
Web links
- Taxus wallichiana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- Taxus wallichiana at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- Taxus wallichiana inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . 2. Posted by: P. Thomas, A. Farjon, 2012. Retrieved November 28, 2013.
- Christopher J. Earle: Taxus wallichiana. In: The Gymnosperm Database. March 1, 2019, accessed April 4, 2019 .