Thie

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Thie (disambiguation) .

The Thie in Niedernjesa .

Thieplatz in Rittmarshausen

Am Thie in Eberholzen

The Thiehaus in Göttingen - Weende

Thie (in scientific spelling Tie ) were walled and raised grassy places in villages of the Middle Ages (perhaps also in Germanic times), on which a stone table stood under linden trees. Meetings of the peasants, notices, court hearings of the lower courts and, in later times, feasts of the peasants were held here. Many places in the east of the Netherlands and north-west of Germany, for example up to the Elbe, still bear the name Thieplatz or Thiestätte today . The Thie (older: das Thie) had a local connection and was usually located within small settlements, while a Thingstätte had more regional and supraregional importance.

distribution

Systematic investigations by Karl Janssen using a questionnaire in 1937, in which, among other things, the name of the meeting place in the village was asked, showed that the distribution area stretches in a strip from Deventer via Münster and Hanover to Magdeburg . The densest occurrence can be found in the area between Hanover and Kassel , whereby it is noticeable that it stops abruptly in northern Hesse and northern Thuringia, which further checks there also showed. In addition, the southern border is almost identical to the I / ik language border over its entire length. In Saxony-Anhalt Tie is only found in the north and occasionally in the area between Mansfeld and Unstrut , in the Harz it does not occur on the plateau, but ends abruptly at the edges. In Brandenburg , Mecklenburg and Ostholstein the name Tie cannot be proven, isolated outliers ( Munich , Friedland ) can be explained by the use of the term in the Turner movement after Jahn , who used the word Tie in his instructions. An example of a Thie that has been preserved in an earlier size is Räbke's Thieplatz .

The relationship to the Brink and the Anger is not fully clarified , but there were places with Brink and Tie, where Brink referred to the outside place, Tie the inner-city. Later this name was transferred to the square in the village in some places, which can be observed for Brink and Anger.

history

In pre-Christian times, Thieplatz is said to have also served ritual games. The square was lined with trees, most of which were linden trees (" Thielinde "). Distinctive stones ("Thiesteins") can also be found in some of these places. Often the term Thie occurs in connection with mountain ( Thieberg ).

It is not yet clear whether all villages had a tie. However, it was made probable that the gaps in the recording were not only due to a lack of evidence. In the peripheral areas in particular, there are studies that dealt with the field names of a sub-area (such as the Wanzleben district in the Magdeburg Börde or the Verden district ) and were only able to prove tie names for a quarter or even fewer places. What is particularly important, however, is Klöntrup's finding that not every peasantry in the Osnabrück-Westphalia border area had a peasant judge, from which one can probably conclude that not every place had a separate tie.

Notation

The spelling of “Thie” can be very different. There are also "Tie, Ti, Tig, ty, Thy" and "Thee" before. Sound changes from "T" to "D" are also common ( Diestedde ).

In principle, almost any vowel combination can be identified. Karl Bischoff (1971) suspects that some of these are Eastern and Westphalian lay letters , including Tei , Toi , Teu , Tui , Töi , Tai or Tee , which are also used in other regions ( e.g. East Frisia , where there are also Te and Thee there) occurs. The forms become even more diverse through the frequent use of the dative form on the tie , in which j and g are inserted. This is how up'n Täje , Teije , Tyge are found . But these can also be found in the nominative. So there are multiple Tiech or Tieg , Taig or Tyg , some of which are compositions like Tyghus or Taigstrate . For Geestendorf (Bremerhaven) alone , Te (1684), Thee (1739), Teyland (1845) and Theeland (1849) can be found.

Different spellings of Thieberg near Rheine on old maps Tyberg, map from 1805 Tieberg, map from 1828/29 Thieberg, map from 1842

Origin of name

The term Thie is probably related to the Old English word tig or tih and the Old Norse teigr , which both denoted a courtyard, a square or a piece of land. Accordingly, it has nothing to do with the word thing for the court assembly, even if this is still occasionally asserted in today's local and popular scientific works. Due to this connection, which was often suspected in the 19th century, the original Thieplatz is sometimes also called Thingplatz today.

literature

• Bischoff, Karl, Der Tie (= treatises of the humanities and social science class of the Academy of Sciences and Literature Mainz; 9/71), Wiesbaden 1971.
• R. Schmidt-Wiegand: Tie. In: Concise dictionary on German legal history . Volume V, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 1991, Sp. 228 f.
• Jürgen Udolph: Name studies on the German problem. Real Lexicon of Germanic Antiquity . Supplementary volumes. Volume 9. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1994.
• Rolf Wilhelm Brednich : Tie and Anger. Historic village squares in Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Hesse and Franconia . Friedland 2009.
• Christof Spannhoff: Tie is the same thing? For the construction of a historical picture. In: Nordmünsterland. Research and Finds. 1, 2014, pp. 249-274.

Web links

Commons : Tie  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ R. Schmidt-Wiegand: Tie. In: Concise dictionary on German legal history . Berlin 1991, Col. 228 f .; Rolf Wilhelm Brednich : Tie and Anger. Historic village squares in Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Hesse and Franconia . Friedland 2009.
2. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: onenological studies on the German problem. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1994, ISBN 3-11-014138-8 , p. 602.
3. ↑ See for this Bischoff, pp. 20–34 and his distribution maps.
4. ↑ The Thie-Linde in Großgoltern Private Homepage altebaeume.de.
5. ↑ Barskamp Chronicle ( Memento from October 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ): Private homepage about the Barskamp district.
6. ↑ Private (?) Homepage about Isernhagen (no longer available): Hagenhufendorf, “ ... The place of justice, the Thingplatz, was in front of the Marienkirche. The two Thiesteins (two smooth field stones) still refer to the Hagen dishes that the Hagen masters held there in the open air until 1907. ... "
7. ↑ Homepage of the Samtgemeinde Dransfeld ( memento of October 17, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (text no longer available): Barlissen coat of arms, “ ... The three green linden leaves point to Barlissen's old-free property (Allodium) and to his old, venerable, earlier one People's meeting place and court, the Thie. The mighty monolithic Thiestein made of hard quartzite can still be seen under the originally seven huge linden trees. ... "
8. ↑ Historical Bochum Ehrenfeld - street names and their meaning / origin : Private homepage about the Bochum-Ehrenfeld district. Dibergstrasse
9. ↑ Wikipedia article Hamburg-Niendorf Tibarg
10. ↑ Wikipedia article Warringholz Wappen (Theeberg)
11. ↑ See Bischoff, p. 21 and p. 27/28.
12. ^ Homepage of the Bad Laer community : The Thieplatz in Bad Laer near Osnabrück
13. ↑ See Bischoff, pp. 13-14.
14. ↑ Jürgen Udolph: onenological studies on the German problem. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1994, ISBN 3-11-014138-8 , p. 602 f. - Article in the Göttinger Tagblatt  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Text no longer available): Tie and Anger: Our cultural heritage (about a lecture by folklorist Brednich ): "... Tie, a Low German word, is written without" Th "and, above all, should not be confused with Thing - As Brednich emphasizes in his scientific introduction: Thing is not the name of the place, but the assembly of legal comrades. The name Tie is centuries older and completely independent of it. ... "