Daughter of Zion, rejoice

The title of this article is ambiguous. For the biblical meaning, see Daughter Zion

Daughter Zion, rejoice is a work known in German-speaking countries as the Advent song . It is based on choral movements from Georg Friedrich Handel's oratorios Joshua and Judas Maccabäus, which were rewritten by Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (1798–1876) .

Handel's original English-language choirs

Summary of contents and text

Excerpts from the youth choir from Handel's oratorio Joshua

In 1747 Handel composed the sentence See, the conqu'ring hero comes for the third act of the biblical oratorio Joshua ( HWV 64), the libretto of which is by Thomas Morell (1703–1784). During the conquest of the land under the leadership of Joshua , the young Otniël conquered the city of Kirjat-Sefer (Debir). Now he returns to take Achsa , the daughter of Caleb , as wife whom his father had promised him in the event of his victory. The cheering choir with which he is received introduces the finale of the oratorio - love duet and closing prayer of the people:

CHORUS OF YOUTHS
See, the conqu'ring hero comes!
Sound the trumpets, beat the drums.
Sports prepare, bring the laurel,
Songs of triumph to him sing.

CHORUS OF VIRGINS
See the godlike youth advance!
Breathe the flutes, and lead the dance;
Myrtle wreaths, and roses twine,
to deck the hero's brow divine.

CHORUS
See, the conqu'ring hero comes ...

Handel also added the choir, which contains parallel thirds in the upper parts, to the new version of his oratorio Judas Maccabaeus (HWV 63) , written in 1751 . The oratorio is dedicated to the Jewish freedom fighter Judas Maccabeus to the Duke of Cumberland , William Augustus , whose devastating victory over the pretender of the British throne, Charles Edward Stuart , at the Battle of Culloden on April 16, 1746 it celebrates. Since then, the tune belongs to the fixed repertoire of patriotic songs and English as one of the main topics in the will Fantasia on British Sea Songs by Henry Wood (1905) annually in the Last Night of the Proms listed.

Hymn - comparison to the choir templates

In Joshua as well as in Judas Maccabäus , the movement is first heard as a three-part choir of the youths (mm. 1–32) with unison organ accompaniment, whereby the repetition of the A section is occupied by two solo horns, then as a two-part choir of the virgins (mm. 33–56) with two transverse flutes and organ, finally as a four-part choral setting (mm. 57–72), accompanied by horns, flutes, strings and figured bass . Handel varies the melody of the soprano part rhythmically and in individual notes from stanza to stanza.

Both of Handel's choral movements are in G major . The later version of Friedrich Heinrich Rankes for four-part choir, on the other hand, is in E flat major . The alto, tenor and bass parts are identical to Handel's version of bars 57 to 72, except in bars 13–14 (Ranke) and bars 69–70 (Handel), in which Ranke crosses tenor and bass voices and avoids the doubling of thirds in the tenor by octaving the bass down and letting the tenor sing the fundamental. The soprano part initially adopts the melody from bars 57 to 60 (bars 1–4 for Ranke), but then follows the variants of bars 29–30 (bars 5–6 for Ranke) and bars 55–56 ( Bar 7–8 in Ranke), then to take over the melody from bar 65 to 72 (bar 9–16 in Ranke).

Together the are hymn Ranke and Handel's versions simple chordal structure in common cadence levels , as well as the simultaneous declamation of the text in all four votes.

German Advent song

History

Choral setting by Daughter Zion, rejoice

The Advent song Daughter Zion, rejoice ( GL 228, EG 13, RG 370, MG 240 and FL 187) was written in its current form around 1820 in Erlangen . The Protestant theologian Friedrich Heinrich Ranke put a text based on Sach 9.9  LUT on the choral setting by George Frideric Handel and added two more stanzas that sing about the coming, eternal kingdom of peace of Jesus Christ.

Ranke designed it for Karl Georg von Raumer's musical salon . His sister-in-law Louise Reichardt published the song in 1826 in her collection of Christian, lovely songs , published in Hamburg , under the heading Am Palmsontage . Through this publication, the song found its way into school song collections and became popular.

During the Third Reich , the song, like many other songs, was removed from Christmas carol collections due to the National Socialist anti-Christian and anti-Semitic pressure on religious practice.

text

Daughter of Zion, rejoice, shout out loud, Jerusalem!

See, your King is coming to you, yes, he is coming, the Prince of Peace.

Daughter of Zion, rejoice, shout out loud, Jerusalem!

Hosanna, son of David, be blessed for your people!

Now found your eternal kingdom, Hosanna on high!

Hosanna, son of David, be blessed for your people!

(See! He comes humbly

Ride the donkey

Daughter of Zion rejoice!

Cheer him up to you.)

Hosanna, son of David, greetings, King mild!

Your throne of peace stands forever, the child of the eternal father.

Hosanna, son of David, greetings, King mild!

Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem

interpretation

In the Zechariah text in the first stanza, the allegorical person Zion (the personified Jerusalem) is called to rejoice that the son of David who is celebrated in the following stanzas is coming to her:

“You, daughter of Zion, rejoice very much, and you, daughter of Jerusalem, shout!
Behold, your King comes to you, a righteous man and a helper,
poor and riding on a donkey, on a colt of the donkey. ( Sach 9,9  LUT ) "

The lyrics are closely related to the first two weeks of Advent. The introit of the 2nd Sunday in Advent reads : Populus Sion, ecce Dominus veniet ad salvandas gentes , “People of Zion, behold, the Lord will come to save the peoples.” On the 1st Sunday of Advent the entry into the Evangelical Church Jesus read as Gospel in Jerusalem ( Mt 21 : 1-9  LUT ):

“But this was done so that what was said by the word of the prophet might be fulfilled: 'Say to the daughter of Sion: Behold, your king comes to you meekly and riding on a donkey and a colt, the offspring of the fringed animal.' […] But the crowds who preceded him and who followed cried: 'Hosanna to the Son of David, blessed be he who comes in the name of the Lord', Hosanna on high. "

- Matthew 21: 4-5.9

The messianic sovereign titles related to Jesus such as Prince of Peace and the reference to eternity come from Isaiah 9,5f. LUT : "A child is born to us. A son is given to us. [...] And it's called: [...] forever father, Prince of Peace. "

The underlying theme, that Zion is looking forward to the coming of the Lord , is already brought up in the evangelical hymn Wachet, the voice calls us, as preparation for the end of the wedding . There it says in the second stanza:

"Zion hears the watchmen singing,
her heart leaps for joy,
she wakes up and gets up quickly."

This topic is also dealt with in the alto aria Prepare Zion from Bach's Christmas Oratorio:

“Prepare yourself, Zion, with tender instincts,
to see the most beautiful, the dearest with you soon!
Your cheeks - Must be much nicer today,
hurry to love the bridegroom dearly! "

melody

Source: Notation from the Rhenish-Westphalian Provincial Hymnal , 1893

German Christmas carol

The song is also sung as a Christmas carol. The text reappears in the Catholic second Christmas mass - the morning mass - in the communion antiphon , which reads:

“Rejoice, daughter of Zion, rejoice, daughter of Jerusalem;
for see, your King is coming, the Holy One, the Savior of the world. "

In other languages

Easter song

In English-speaking countries as well as in Norway and the Netherlands, the melody is also used under the name Judas Maccabaeus for the Easter song Thine is / be the glory, risen, conqu'ring Son , Deg være ære and U zij de Glorie . The text by Edmond Louis Budry , initially written in French, was published in Chants Évangeliques in Lausanne in 1885 , translated into English by Richard B. Hoyle in 1923 and into Norwegian by Arne Fjelberg in 1947. Also in the Romandie this song is considered Osterlied with the French text:

French text

The resurrection. Image by JH Tischbein d. Ä.

“À toi la gloire, O Ressuscité!
A toi la victoire pour l'éternité!
Brillant de lumière, l'ange est descendu,
Il roule la pierre du tombeau vaincu.
À toi la gloire, O Ressuscité!
A toi la victoire pour l'éternité!

Vois-le paraître: C'est lui, c'est Jésus,
Ton Sauveur, ton Maître, Oh! ne doute plus!
Sois dans l'allégresse, peuple du Seigneur,
Et redis sans cesse: Le Christ est vainqueur!
À toi la gloire, O Ressuscité!
A toi la victoire pour l'éternité!

Craindrais-je encore? Il vit à jamais,
Celui que j'adore, le Prince de paix;
Il est ma victoire, mon puissant soutien,
Ma vie et ma gloire: non, je ne crains rien!
À toi la gloire, O Ressuscité!
A toi la victoire pour l'éternité! "

Other uses and variations

in chronological order

• Ludwig van Beethoven composed 12 variations for piano and cello ( WoO 45) on the theme.
• The Graf-Waldersee-March composed by Louis Oertel includes the theme as a trio.
• H. Weiss's festival march also has the theme in the trio.
• The melody of the song is also used for the Hanukkah song Hava narima .
• The group Boney M. released the single Zion's Daughter in 1982 , an English version of the Advent song.
• The German political rock band Ton Steine ​​Scherben used the theme of the piece as the final sequence of their song The dream is out .
• The Kastelruther Spatzen used the melody for their Christmas song for everyone .
• The melody is used at carnival and shooting festivals to create the mood.

literature

• Evangelical hymn book. Edition for the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau. Frankfurt am Main 1994.
• Program of the Berliner Singakademie for the concert on October 29, 2006 ( Judas Maccabaeus by GF Handel).
• Hymnal for the area of ​​the former Evangelical Church in Nassau. Wiesbaden before 1939.
• Hermann Petrich : Our spiritual folk song. Gütersloh 1920.
• Ulrich Parent, Joachim Stalmann: 13 - daughter of Zion . In: Gerhard Hahn , Jürgen Henkys (Hrsg.): Liederkunde zum Evangelisches Gesangbuch . No. 5 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, ISBN 3-525-50326-1 , pp. 17–21 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
• Matthias Neufeld: The image of the church in the singing of the congregation. Reflections on the meaning of the sung word for the self-understanding of the church on the basis of selected songs from the “Evangelical Hymnal” (Freiburg dissertation series, 7). Freiburg 2006, pp. 177f., 222–225, 293 ( Online ; PDF; 2.8 MB).

Web links

Commons : See, the conqu'ring hero comes  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ^ So in the score edited by Friedrich Chrysander ( p. 201 ); often it is called (more understandable) “Myrtles wreath” ( example ).
2. ↑ score
3. ↑ The horizontal seconds in eighth notes often alternate major and minor thirds vertically.
4. ^ Anne Gidion: Daughter Zion, rejoice - EG 13. In: Jochen Arnold , Klaus-Martin Bresgott (ed.): Church sounds. 77 songs for the church year (=  creating church service together , vol. 19.) Lutherisches Verlagshaus, Hanover 2011, ISBN 978-3-7859-1065-8 , pp. 291–293.
5. ^ Louise was the daughter of Johann Friedrich Reichardt .
6. ^ Ulrich Parent, Joachim Stalmann: 13 - Daughter of Zion . In: Gerhard Hahn , Jürgen Henkys (Hrsg.): Liederkunde zum Evangelisches Gesangbuch . No. 5 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, ISBN 3-525-50326-1 , pp. 17–21 ( limited preview in Google Book search). The source is the report by Johann Valentin Strebel: A musical rectory. Basel 1886, pp. 21-23.
7. ^ Richard Faber : Secularization and Resacralization. On the history of the hymn and its reception. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2001, p. 151.
8. ↑ Originally the text had four stanzas. The third stanza is missing in hymn books. Ulrich Parent, Joachim Stalmann: 13 - daughter of Zion . In: Gerhard Hahn , Jürgen Henkys (Hrsg.): Liederkunde zum Evangelisches Gesangbuch . No. 5 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2002, ISBN 3-525-50326-1 , pp. 17–21 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
9. ↑ Quote from Psalm 118 (see also Benedictus qui venit ... )
10. ^ Emil Kautzsch, Carl Weizsäcker: Text Bible - The New Testament ; on www.textbibel.de
11. ↑ compare also the corresponding Bach cantata Wachet up, calls us the voice, BWV 140
12. ↑ À toi la gloire on www.hymntime.com
13. ↑ Thine is the glory at www.hymntime.com
14. ^ Yosef Goldenberg: Classical Music and the Hebrew Song Repertoire. Footnote no. 5 on pages 2 and 3; on www.biu.ac.il (PDF; 327 kB)