Friedrich Heinrich Ranke

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Friedrich Heinrich Ranke

Philipp Friedrich Heinrich Ranke (born November 30, 1798 in Wiehe , † September 2, 1876 in Munich ) was a German Protestant theologian .

Life

Friedrich Heinrich Ranke was born as the son of the court director Gottlieb Israel Ranke (1762–1836) and his wife Friederike Wilhelmine, nee. Lehmicke (1776–1836), daughter of a manor near Querfurt , born in the small Saxon country town of Wiehe on the lower reaches of the Unstrut . His seven siblings included the historian Leopold von Ranke (1795–1886) and the Protestant theologian Ernst Ranke (1814–1888). After he was taught in the city school of Wiehe, he attended from 1811 to 1815 - like his older brother Leopold - the state school Pforta , a state boarding school near Naumburg (Saale) .

From 1815 Ranke studied theology and philology at the University of Jena . He heard lectures by the historian Heinrich Luden (1778–1847) and the theologian Johann Philipp Gabler (1753–1826). Ranke joined the original fraternity in Jena in 1816 . The Berlin students Christian Leopold Dürre (1796–1879) and Hans Ferdinand Maßmann (1797–1874) inspired Ranke for the ideas of the “gymnastics father” Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852). In 1817 Friedrich Heinrich Ranke moved to the University of Halle , where he studied philosophy. There he probably became a member of the Teutonia Halle fraternity in 1817 . He dealt with Immanuel Kant's “ Critique of Pure Reason ” (1781) and Jakob Friedrich Fries ' work “New or Anthropological Critique of Reason” (1807). His brother Leopold drew his attention to Johann Gottlieb Fichte's treatise " The Instructions for a Blessed Life or Religious Doctrine " (1806). Fichte's philosophical direction of German idealism made a lasting impression on him. Ranke is drawn into the family circle of the medicine professor Christian Friedrich Nasse (1748-1851), where he describes the anti- rationalistic neo-Lutheranism of the North German pastoral theologian Claus Harms (1778-1855) and the animal magnetism in the "Views from the Night Side of Science" (1808) of the doctor and natural scientist Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert (1780–1860).

In 1818 Friedrich Heinrich Ranke followed his brother Leopold to Frankfurt (Oder) . This had started a position as a high school teacher, while Friedrich Heinrich was a teacher at a private school. In the same year he accompanied Friedrich Ludwig Jahn to Berlin, where he attended the gymnasium in the Hasenheide , the swimming school Ernst von Pfuels (1779-1866) and fencing exercises under the direction of Johann Friedrich Gottfried Eiselen (1785-1865). The Ranke brothers' plans to set up a gymnasium in Frankfurt (Oder) came to nothing after the political assassination attempt on August von Kotzebue on March 23, 1819 and the subsequent repressive Karlsbad resolutions .

Ranke spent the summer holidays of 1820 on Rügen , where he was profoundly influenced by the pietism of Pastor Hermann Baier, the son-in-law and successor of Ludwig Gotthard Kosegarten (1758-1818) in Altenkirchen . Ranke turned to the educated middle class circle of the revival movement . In 1821 he passed the philological state examination, but was rejected by various teaching posts because of his earlier fraternity activities. In 1822 Ranke took the First Theological Examination in Magdeburg and in 1823 he and the geologist Karl Georg von Raumer (1783–1865) became a teacher at the Nuremberg educational institute of the reform pedagogue Heinrich Dittmar (1792–1866). Before his friend Baier from Rügen died unexpectedly in September 1822, he asked him to continue raising his children. Ranke initially met this obligation on Rügen. He took the later religious philosopher Alwill Baier (1811-1892) to Nuremberg with him to get him a good education there.

In 1824 Ranke completed the second theological exam in Ansbach . In 1825 he married Selma Schubert, a daughter of Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert . The marriage had eight children, including the pediatrician Heinrich von Ranke (1830-1909), the anthropologist Johannes Ranke (1836-1916) and the pastor and senior of the Lübeck Spiritual Ministry Leopold Friedrich Ranke (1842-1918). In 1826 Friedrich Heinrich Ranke became pastor in Rückersdorf in the Nuremberg region and in 1834 he was appointed dean and district school inspector in Thurnau in Upper Franconia . There he published the Sunday paper from 1834 to 1836 , which the theologian Wilhelm Redenbacher (1800–1876) had founded. Against the opposition of the faculty, Ranke was appointed to succeed the deceased professor Hermann Olshausen (1796–1839) as a full professor of dogmatics at the University of Erlangen in 1840 . Ranke made a career within the Protestant regional church: in 1841 he became second consistorial councilor in Bayreuth , 1845 second consistorial councilor in Ansbach and there from 1859 first consistorial councilor . In this position he was involved in the church's internal dispute between Wilhelm Löhe (1808–1872) and Adolf Harless (1806–1879) about the understanding of the ministry of the church for the church leadership around 1850 . In 1866 Rankes was promoted to the IV. Oberkonsistorialrat in Munich and in 1870 to III. Senior Consistorial Councilor before he finally retired in 1873.

Karl Buchrucker (1827–1899), Lutheran theologian and first Protestant pastor in Munich , gave his funeral speech on September 4, 1876 .

effect

Friedrich Heinrich Ranke had a considerable influence on the implementation of the revival movement in Bavaria. He also promoted the development of the Inner Mission . His interpretation of the Old Testament is considered "scriptural positivistic " . He was assigned to the opponents of theological rationalism .

Ranke composed texts of popular hymns, two of which can still be found in the Evangelical Hymnbook (EG) and one in the Catholic Praise of God (GL):

Fonts

  • The Christian's pilgrimage to the heavenly city. Adapted from the English of John Bunyan by Friedrich Heinrich Ranke. With an introduction by GH Schubert. Heyder, Erlangen 1832.
  • Studies on the Pentateuch , from the realm of higher criticism. Heyder, Erlangen.
    • Volume 1: 1834.
    • Volume 2: 1840.
  • Proverbs, songs and catechism for the little ones. 2nd edition. Raw, Nuremberg 1839.
  • Sermons from 1848. A testimony against the spirit of revolution and apostasy from God. Heyder, Erlangen 1849.
  • I do not want to leave you orphans; I am coming to you. Sermon at the end of the united general synote in Ansbach, on February 22nd, 1849. Heyder, Erlangen 1849.
  • Plan and construction of the Johannine Gospel . Hayn, Berlin 1854.
  • Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert. Communications about the last days of the same. Schlawitz, Berlin 1860.
  • Farewell words. Sermon. Junge, Ansbach 1866.
  • Childhood memories. With a look to later life. Steinkopf, Stuttgart 1877.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peter Kaupp (edit.): Stamm-Buch of the Jenaische Burschenschaft. The members of the original fraternity 1815-1819 (= treatises on student and higher education. Vol. 14). SH-Verlag, Cologne 2005, ISBN 3-89498-156-3 , p. 59.
  2. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , p. 560.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Ranke, Friedrich Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1798
PLACE OF BIRTH Wiehe
DATE OF DEATH September 2, 1876
Place of death Munich