1st Sunday in Advent

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The first candle is lit on the Advent wreath
Entry into Jerusalem (Horner Church, Bremen)

The church year begins on the 1st Sunday in Advent or the first Sunday in Advent (in Austria: Advent Sunday) .

Evangelical liturgy

The first Sunday in Advent does not mean a strong thematic break, but continues motifs from the end of the church year: “According to general practice, a new church year begins with the 1st Advent. This is due to the custom of opening the liturgical books with this Sunday's form . However, it is easy to hide the fact that the Sundays of Advent are closely related to the last Sundays of the church year in terms of content and shape, so that the 1st Advent does not actually begin a new thematic section: the eschatological accent is definitely still present in Advent. "

In the Protestant or Lutheran churches of Germany and Northern Europe, the ancient Roman Gospel of Jesus' entry into Jerusalem was preserved and gives Sunday a special, festive character. This tradition was already known in the early Middle Ages. Irish missionaries like Columban the Younger , who did missionary work in Gaul, emphasized in their proclamation the eschatological return of Christ and the Last Judgment , which contributed to the design of Advent as a time of serious penance and - starting from Gaul - to the suppression of the joyful aspect Expectation of the Savior also resulted in the Roman liturgy. The Roman Missal from 1570 no longer provided for the old reading order, but some German dioceses initially retained the older order. Therefore, the book of poems contains Geistliches year of Annette von Droste-Hulshoff for the first Advent, a poem about Jesus' entry into Jerusalem.

Entry of Jesus into Jerusalem

In the Church of Sweden , the first Sunday in Advent has the liturgical color white , which underlines the festive character of the day. (Vaxholms kyrka, 2008)

Mt 21 : 1-9  LU was the reading text initially on one, but since the 7th century at the latest on the first Sunday in Advent. This assignment was well known in the late Middle Ages; there were pericope books (plenaries) in the vernacular, some with sermon-like additions. That was taken up by the reformers.

So that Mt 21: 1-9 fit in with Advent, the continuation of the plot (capture, crucifixion, death and resurrection) was faded out and only the motif of the entry into Jerusalem was considered. The spiritual interpretation of the individual provided further important impulses for Advent piety. Jesus Christ comes as a “meek” King to the Christian community and to every Christian personally. Several evangelical Advent carols unfold these thoughts (example: your king comes in low covers ).

Proprium of the 1st Sunday in Advent

On December 2, 2018, the new “Order of Worship Texts and Songs” (OGTL) was introduced in the EKD . The new lectionary makes the following selection from the Bible and hymn book for the 1st Advent:

The first Sunday of Advent is thus highlighted from the series of Advent Sundays that the Gloria in excelsis is sung again on it.

Reading year Sermon text Reading year Sermon text
I. Mt 21 : 1-11  LUT IV Jer 23,5-8  LUT
II Rom 13,8-12  LUT V Rev 3: 14-22  LUT
III Zech 9,9-10  LUT VI Ps 24 : 1-10  LUT

Lutheran liturgy in the English-speaking world

In the predominantly English-speaking non-Catholic churches that follow the Revised Common Lectionary , for which Catholics, Anglicans and Lutherans are jointly responsible, the readings of the 1st Advent comply with the Catholic reading order (see below).

The introit to the 1st Advent Ad te levavi in a missal from 1520 - in the initial A the representation of King David

The same is true of most of the Missouri Synod parishes . Alternatively, a historical one-year lesson is used here. The first Sunday of Advent is also referred to in this lesson by its Latin name Ad te levavi . These are the first words of the antiphon to the introit ( Ps 24 : 1-3  VUL ). Sunday has the following proprium:

Catholic liturgy

The Introitus Ad te levavi in a 16th century gradual

In the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church , the church year begins with the first Vespers on the eve of the first Sunday in Advent ( Dominica prima Adventus , formerly Dominica prima de Adventu ). In Advent, purple paraments are usually worn, while the Gloria is not worn during Holy Mass .

Several parts of the proprium of Holy Mass on the first Sunday of Advent come from Ps 25  EU , such as the antiphon to the introit with the incipit Ad te levavi , the response psalm after the 1st reading and, until the liturgical reform of 1970, also the offertory . The reading texts in the Holy Mass are eschatologically shaped and express the expectation of the promised messianic dispensation, which in the Christian understanding begins with the birth of Jesus and with the parousia of the Son of Man and the transformation of creation into a new heaven and a new earth ( Rev. 21  EU ) ends. Since the liturgical reform of 1970, the Feast of Christ the King has corresponded with the 1st Advent; In the course of the reform, it was moved from the last Sunday in October to the last Sunday of the church year, the Sunday before the first Advent, and is under the sign of Christ who comes as King . “The exalted Lord and King [is] the destination not only of the liturgical year, but of our earthly wandering in general, 'the same yesterday and today and forever' ( Heb 13.8  EU ), 'the alpha and the omega , the first and the last 'The beginning and the end' ( Rev 22:13  EU ). "

The basic order of the church year says: “The season of Advent has a double character: on the one hand, it is the preparation time for the high Christmas festivities with its memory of the first coming of the Son of God to the people. On the other hand, through this commemoration, the Advent season directs hearts towards the expectation of the second coming of Christ at the end of time. From both points of view, Advent is a time of devoted and joyful anticipation. "

Reading order
Reading year 1st reading 2nd reading Gospel
A. Isa 2.1-5  EU Romans 13 : 11-14a  EU Mt 24,37-44  EU
B. Isa 63,16b-17.19b  EU , 64,3-7 EU 1 Cor 1, 3–9  EU Mk 13.33-37  EU
C. Jer 33 : 14-16  EU 1 Thess 3.12-13 EU ,4.1-2  EU Lk 21.25-28.34-36  EU

With the beginning of a new church year on the first Sunday of Advent, there were repeated innovations in the liturgy:

  • On the first Sunday of Advent in 1969, November 30th, the renewal of the liturgy of Holy Mass as decided by the Second Vatican Council came into force.
  • On the first Sunday of Advent 2013, December 1st, the introduction of the prayer and hymn book Gotteslob began in the German-speaking area .

literature

  • Karl-Heinrich Bieritz : The church year: festivals, commemorative and public holidays in the past and present . CH Beck, Munich 2005.
  • Ulrich Luz : The Gospel according to Matthew (Mt 18-25) (= Evangelical-Catholic Commentary on the New Testament. Volume I / 3). Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1997. ISBN 3-7887-1580-4 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Karl-Heinrich Bieritz : The church service in the church year: 1st Sunday in Advent. In: Evangelisches Gottesdienstbuch : supplementary volume. P. 152.
  2. ↑ Prædikentekst to the 1st søndag i advent. In: Kristendom.dk. Retrieved November 28, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Första söndagen i advent. Svenska kyrkan, November 23, 2018, accessed on November 26, 2018 (Swedish): "Liturgisk färg: Vit. Byte till violett / blå efter kl 18."
  4. ↑ Advent. In: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. Retrieved November 28, 2018 (English): "The First Sunday of Advent has a special place in the hearts of many Finns, and services on this day are among the best attended. Vogler's famous hymn Hoosianna is sung everywhere, and we hear the Gospel of Christ's entry into Jerusalem, which challenges us to reflect on the place we make for Christ in our lives. The liturgical color is white. On the Monday after the First Sunday of Advent, the liturgical color changes to purple or blue, and a penitential season of preparation begins. "
  5. ↑ Kiriku calendar. In: EELK. Retrieved November 28, 2018 .
  6. ↑ In the Capitulus Evangeliorum (645–755 AD) the pericope for the first of four Sundays ante Natale is recorded. ( Hansjörg Auf der Maur : Celebrations in the rhythm of time I. Gentlemen's festivals in week and year. Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0788-4 ( Church service. Handbook of liturgical science , edited by Hans Bernhard Meyer , part 5), P. 182f., Based on Theodor Klauser : The Roman Capitulare Evangeliorum. Texts and studies on its oldest history. 1: Types. Münster 1935, pp. 13–46.)
  7. ^ Adolf Adam: Celebrate the church year. Herder Verlag, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1979. p. 110.
  8. ^ Ansgar Stolte: Liturgical sources in the Diocese of Osnabrück: Studies on the local church reception of the Roman rite . Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-7917-2543-7 , pp. 154 .
  9. ↑ Första söndagen i advent. Svenska kyrkan, November 23, 2018, accessed on November 26, 2018 (Swedish): "Liturgisk färg: Vit. Byte till violett / blå efter kl 18."
  10. ↑ Ulrich Luz: The Gospel according to Matthew (Mt 18-25) . 1997, p. 190 .
  11. ↑ a b Ulrich Luz: The Gospel according to Matthew (Mt 18-25) . 1997, p. 193 .
  12. ^ Martin Luther: Advent Postille. In: WA 10. 1. 2. Volume. 1522, accessed on November 26, 2018 : "There sihe tzu: He doesn’t reyttet on a stallion, which is always warlike, comptnit yn terrible splendor and violence, but sits on a donkey, wilchs there is indefatigable there, only tzur last und erbyt prepares to help people, that they show how they come, not suppress people tzu horror nor treyben oddcr, but rather tto help, to carry their load and take care of themselves. "
  13. ^ Karl-Heinrich Bieritz: The church year: festivals, commemorative and public holidays in the past and present . 2005, p. 207 .
  14. ^ Lectionary Series (Scripture Readings) . (Ed.): The Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod. August 23, 2018
  15. ^ Adolf Adam : Celebrate the church year. Herder Verlag, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 1979. p. 148.
  16. ↑ sbg.ac.at: Basic Order of the Church Year and the New Roman General Calendar , No. 39.
  17. ↑ Pope Paul VI. : Apostolic Constitution "Missale Romanum" of April 3, 1969, [1]