Toto (sports bet)
Under Toto is meant primarily sports betting , based on the sport of football related and are grouped together as a selection result and bet wager. However, the term also exists for bets on other sporting events such as horse racing ( racing quintet ).
history
The term is derived from the French totalisateur , which has found its way into the German-speaking world as a foreign word totalizator . With totalisateur one meant the official betting office of horse racing fields, where all bets are booked and monitored. In the 20th century it became the abbreviation Toto . Football pools have been offered in England since 1921. In 1934 a state-owned company was founded in Sweden to carry out tote bets. Half of the game revenue was distributed to the players again; the payout ratio was therefore 50%. Football pools have existed in Germany since 1948. A year later, Austria also introduced football pools as a sports bet.
Situation in Germany
In the FRG
Sports betting came to Germany after the Second World War , when there were no state funds to promote sports. The sports federations took the initiative and initiated the establishment of the state football toto societies. In 1948 - beginning with the Bavarian State Football Pool on April 27, 1948 - and in 1949 these were founded in all German federal states. The first blocks were formed in the early 1950s: the north-south block ( Berlin , Bremen , Hamburg , Schleswig-Holstein , Lower Saxony and Bavaria ) and the south-west block ( North Rhine-Westphalia , Hesse , Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate ).
On November 11, 1956, with the establishment of the German Totoblock , all Toto Lotto companies took over the twelve-wager as a result bet , and in 1959 the bet was switched to the thirteen- wager with initially six (and from 1961 four) winnings. In 1967 they returned to the twelve bet instead of the nine bet and the thirteen bet . In 1969 came the eleven bet , in 2004 the thirteen bet again . There were also various different game formulas for each country.
The selection bet has a similar eventful history. On October 7, 1962, the selection bet was introduced with the game formula "6 out of 36" and four prize categories. From January 19, 1964, the game formula "6 out of 39" with five prizes was used. On January 1, 1975, the selection bet 6 out of 45 was introduced and made it possible to bet six out of 45 game pairings. The six tied encounters with the highest number of goals were counted. According to the game formula, the games with the lowest goal difference are selected, starting with the undecided games and there with the games with the most goals.
In the DDR
On December 12, 1953, the Toto sports bet was introduced in the German Democratic Republic by a state regulation (Journal of Laws p. 1271) . Before that, there was always violent propaganda from the Soviet Union against the Toto football betting in West Germany. VEB Sporttoto, based in East Berlin , was responsible for the Toto sports betting in the GDR and was directly subordinate to the Council of Ministers under the supervision of the State Committee for Physical Culture and Sport . The main acceptance and acceptance points were subordinate to the district offices. The distribution of the totos betting deposits was planned as follows: 55% to tote players, 25% for sport in the GDR, 10% as tax revenue, 7.5% as commission for the acceptance points, 1.5% for administrative costs and advertising and 1% for a security fund.
After 1990
In Germany, due to the gaming monopoly , sports betting is only legal through the state lottery companies in the German Lotto and Totoblock . However, some betting offices and companies have had licenses issued by the GDR since 1990, but no final legal assessment has yet been made about their further validity. A long-awaited decision of the Federal Constitutional Court of March 29, 2006, which was supposed to clarify whether and to what extent private sports betting providers are also allowed to organize sports betting in Germany, did not bring the desired clarity, since according to this judgment the legitimacy of the state sports betting monopoly depends on that the state-licensed providers ( Oddset ) will be very reluctant to advertise themselves in future with regard to the dangers posed by the passion for betting. The extent to which Oddset actually complied with these requirements was questioned, especially in connection with Oddset's activities at the 2006 FIFA World Cup .
course
On the corresponding game slip, eleven or 13 (eleven, thirteen) match pairings are tipped for the result bet by ticking either 1 (= win by the home team), 2 (= win by the visiting team) or 0 (= undecided). Until the 1960s, bettors sometimes entered the numbers 0, 1, 2 with a pen. The respective match pairings were initially printed on the tickets, but the organizers have been listing them on a free information sheet since the late 1960s.
Similar to the lottery, the game slip for the selection bet contains number boxes with the numbers 1 to 45, which correspond to 45 game pairings. The player ticks six games from which he expects a tie. In the event of more than six ties on a match day, the organizer evaluates the one with the most goals, so a 5: 5 comes before a 1: 1. If fewer than six games end in a draw, these games will be drawn.
Since February 10, 1996, the selection bet 6 out of 45 has been played on the six highest-scoring encounters, and since January 31, 1998 again on the undecided encounters.
Situation in Austria
revenue
The turnover in 2006 without the goal bet was 14.87 million euros, a year later it was only 11.34 million euros. However, if you include the turnover from the goal bet, turnover in 2007 grew to 12.41 million euros. In 2008 the Austrian Lotteries achieved a turnover of 12.74 million euros with pools and goal bets; excluding goal bet, this results in an amount of 11.66 million. In the following year (2009), the income decreased to 12.19 million, if you subtract the turnover of the goal bet, the turnover was only 11.08 million euros. In 2010 the Austrian Lotteries were able to maintain their turnover at 12.19 million euros; The turnover of Toto without a goal bet was a little less than 11 million euros.
development
On October 23, 1949, a pool was held for the first time. Sports betting was permitted in the Sporttoto Act on December 18, 1948. Most of the expected surplus from revenues less profit distributions should be used to promote sport in the country.
The first competition resulted in 61,556 betting slips and an income of 200,418 schillings, the minimum stake was 2.20 schillings. In the first round there was no twelve, but a week later there was a solo wolf , which brought a Viennese teacher a profit of 43,000 schillings. The first year of the game consisted of 36 competitions and lasted until June 23, 1950.
The look of the ticket has changed: until the beginning of March 1967 there was a three-part ticket and you had to enter the tips three times. Then from the 3rd to 5th March 1967 round, it was said, "on a trial basis", the equally three-part form with carbon copier was introduced, u. zw. This innovation lasted for 20 months, and from the 45th round of death in 1968 (November 7th to 10th) there was the two-part carbonless bet slip and the determination of the winnings in the microfilm process.
In the early years, three replacement tips were also possible, but they also included encounters with other ball sports. Today there are two different versions of Toto: The classic Toto and Extra Toto. On October 23, 2009, Toto celebrated his 60th birthday. For the anniversary there were the Toto anniversary rounds in Toto rounds 43 to 48, in which the twelve-tier sum was increased by 60,000 euros every week.
Sports funding
Sports funding is regulated in Section 20 of the Gaming Act. The amendment of January 1, 2005 provides for an amount of 3% of the turnover of Austrian Lotteries. In 2008 it was more than 62 million euros, and the following year 71.3 million euros. After an amendment to the Gaming Act, sports funding rose to 80 million euros annually from 2011. The amount has been increased annually since 2013. Since sports funding began in 1949, Austrian sport has received more than 1.6 billion euros; since 1986 alone, the year Austrian Lotteries was founded, it has been over 1.3 billion euros. The funds for sports funding are administered by the Austrian Federal Sports Organization (BSO) and distributed to the ÖFB , umbrella and professional associations and the ÖOC according to a special key .
For the purpose of special sports promotion in accordance with §§ 8 - 10 of the Federal Sports Promotion Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 2/1970, as amended, annually an amount equal to 3% of sales revenue (§ 232 Para. 1 HGB) of the Austrian Lotteries from the draws according to §§ 6 - 12b. Since 2011, this amount has not been allowed to fall below 80 million euros per year. The sales shown in the balance sheet of the previous year of Austrian Lotteries are to be used as sales. Until the respective balance sheet from the previous year is available, the amount of the respective balance sheet from the previous year will be credited to the subsidy recipients in monthly installments. Once the Austrian Lotteries balance sheet for the previous year is available, the monthly constant rates must be recalculated and set.
course
In Austria you give tips on twelve games, with the profit zone starting with at least ten correct games. A win in the pools requires the correct prediction of the results of a pool round, which, as already mentioned, comprises twelve game pairings. The prediction is the victory of one of the two teams (tip 1 or tip 2) or a tie result (tip X). The stake for this is 0.60 euros.
The prediction of the game results of the first four matches of a toto round is the subject of the goal bet. Participation in the goal bet requires playing at least one pool tip. The stake that has to be paid for the goal bet is 0.30 euros higher than that of a Toto tip, namely 0.90 euros.
The goal bet also has a second rank. The basis for the extra tote rounds that take place in addition to the weekly tote game program are European Cup games, qualification games and weekday rounds of the Austrian, English and German championships. This offers the game participants additional opportunities to win. With a Toto betting slip, you can play as often as you like and you can also play Joker one to three times per drawing.
Situation in Switzerland
Before 2009
In Switzerland there were two different Toto systems (Toto-R and Toto-X), whereby Toto-X was somewhat reminiscent of Lotto. Both had football games as a basis, but luck was a decisive factor in winning.
Toto-R was a toto system like the one played in Germany. The basis was the so-called 13-bet, in which a column comprised 13 football games. In every football game, you could bet with 1, 2 or X, with tip 1 for the home team's victory, tip 2 for the away team's victory and tip X for a tie. In addition to the pure Toto, the Joker and the Extra Joker could also be played with Toto-R, as was and is also possible with the lottery. At Toto-R you won from ten correct tips.
In addition to Toto-R, there was a second system in Switzerland, Toto-X, which was a tie. Specifically, 38 games were offered and you chose - similar to the lottery - six games to bet on. The search was for the six highest-scoring draws from the football games on offer. The joker and the extra joker could also be played at Toto-X.
There were four different prize categories for both types of play, which were divided as follows.
| Prize class | Toto-R | Toto-X |
|---|---|---|
| Prize class 1 | 13 correct | 6 correct |
| Prize class 2 | 12 correct | 5 correct |
| Prize class 3 | 11 correct | 4 correct |
| Prize class 4 | 10 correct | 3 correct numbers = CHF 3, - |
After 2009
On March 2, 2009, Toto-X was discontinued after 35 years, and Toto-R was replaced by Totogoal after 70 years. Totogoal is based heavily on the previous Toto-R. In various national and international football games, 1 for home win, X for draw and 2 for guest win will continue to be ticked. In addition, there is a result tip where you have to guess the exact result of a certain game - for example 2: 0. This innovation promises more excitement and higher jackpots. Swisslos signed a contract with Gilbert Gress in which the former top footballer and coach promotes this game of chance.
Now there are five prize categories, since the result of a 14th game can also be predicted.
| Prize class | Totogoal |
|---|---|
| Prize class 1 | 13 correct + result |
| Prize class 2 | 13 correct |
| Prize class 3 | twelve correct |
| Prize class 4 | eleven correct |
| Prize class 5 | ten correct |
Totogoal was discontinued on December 31, 2017.
Situation in Liechtenstein
The Principality took over lotteries and sports betting from Switzerland in 1968. They are also sold there by Swisslos .
Winning probability
If all outcomes were equally likely, the odds of winning the grand prize would be 1: 3 n , where n is the number of games. The concrete probabilities are as follows:
- n = 9: 1: 19.683
- n = 10: 1: 59.049
- n = 11: 1: 177.147
- n = 12: 1: 531,441
- n = 13: 1: 1,594,323
To calculate the probability that m games will be guessed, the probability for n games must be multiplied by an integer factor> 1, since in this case not only one of the 3 n possible tips wins, but there are several possible winning tips . This factor is calculated according to the following formula (here the superimposed variables stand for the binomial coefficient in stochastics):, i.e. the probability . The following results in specific figures (rounded commercially):
n = 13
- m = 13: 1: 1,594,323
- m = 12: 1: 61,320
- m = 11: 1: 5.110
- m = 10: 1: 697
- m <10: 99.84% ("rivet" in Germany)
n = 12
- m = 12: 1: 531.441
- m = 11: 1: 22.143
- m = 10: 1: 2.013
- m <10: 99.946% ("rivet" in Austria)
The expected value for the number of guessed games is n / 3, i.e. 4 1/3 with 13 tips.
The probability of a main prize is higher than with the lottery , but usually fewer people participate in the pools. In general, however, the probabilities also depend on the participant's football expertise and can sometimes be considerably greater. If many games go as expected, the payout is often small.
See also
- Sports bet
- Lotto (lottery game)
Web links
- German Lotto and Toto block on www.lotto.de
- Instructions for the Austrian Toto (PDF; 1.6 MB) at www.win2day.at
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duden 7, Etymologie, Mannheim 1963, page 713, ISBN 3411009071
- ↑ Elementary Stochastics: An Introduction to the Mathematics of Data and Chance , by Andreas Büchter, Hans-Wolfgang Henn, Verlag Springer, 2007, ISBN 3540453814 , page 230 [1]
- ↑ Gerhard Trosien: The Sports Industry: Growth, Competition, Economy , 1996, page 180, [2]
- ↑ Austrian Lotteries: Facts and Figures ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Columns 1 and 2, below: «Toto: Customer service improved» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna October 19, 1968, p. 13 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
- ↑ “New Totoscheine from March” in “Volkszeitung Kärnten” No. 37 of February 15, 1967, page 8, POS. Columns 3 and 4, below
- ↑ «1, 2, X - It's Toto's birthday» . In: Arbeiter-Zeitung . Vienna October 16, 1984, p. 12 ( berufer-zeitung.at - the open online archive - digitized).
- ↑ Austrian Lotteries: Always a win - also for sport ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) (PDF; 81 kB), accessed on October 22, 2009
- ↑ Sports funding. In: Austrian Lotteries. Retrieved June 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Sports funding: 80 million minimum income. In: DiePresse.com. Retrieved June 16, 2016 .
- ↑ Austrian Lotteries: Always a win - also for sport ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) (PDF; 81 kB), accessed on September 17, 2011
- ↑ Toto Switzerland - Toto-R - Toto-X ( Memento from July 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on wissenswertes.at (accessed on September 18, 2011).
- ↑ Gilbert Gress: "I should have stayed a national coach". In: az Aargauer Zeitung. Retrieved June 16, 2016 .
- ↑ https://www.swisslos.ch/de/totogoal/information/marktrueckzug/marktrueckzug-totogoal.html
- ↑ portrait. In: www.swisslos.ch. Retrieved June 18, 2016 .
- ↑ Stochastics script Marcel Steiner (PDF; 1.4 MB)
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