Tulipa suaveolens

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Tulipa suaveolens
Systematics
Monocots
Order : Lily-like (Liliales)
Family : Lily family (Liliaceae)
Subfamily : Lilioideae
Genre : Tulips ( tulipa )
Type : Tulipa suaveolens
Scientific name
Tulipa suaveolens
Roth

Tulipa suaveolens is a species of tulips ( Tulipa ) within the lily family (Liliaceae).

description

Tulipa suaveolens in culture

Overall, Tulipa suaveolens is very variable.

Appearance and leaves

Tulipa suaveolens grows as perennial , herbaceous plants and reaches heights of 10 to 15 centimeters. This geophyte forms onions as a persistence organ. The basal leaves are sessile and the leaf blades are simple.

Inflorescences and flowers

The flowers are usually single and terminal on the inflorescence stem. The upright flowers are hermaphroditic, threefold and cup-shaped. There are two circles of free bracts . The upper ends of the bracts can be rounded or, more commonly, pointed and often curve slightly outward. The bracts are usually red, light red, pink, yellow or white; there are also forms with red bracts and a yellow or orange border. There are two circles with three free, fertile stamens each. The stamens are sometimes hairy. Three carpels have become a top permanent ovary grown, with many ovules .

Occurrence and endangerment

Tulipa suaveolens originally thrives in Eastern Europe , the Caucasus , the Iranian highlands , Central Asia and the West Siberian lowlands . Locations of Tulipa suaveolens are in western Iran , Azerbaijan , Ciskaukasien , Dagestan , in the European and West Siberian part of Russia (especially in the lower Don ), in the western Kazakhstan , the Ukraine (in particular the Crimea ). The status of the Anatolian populations is uncertain, they may be cultivated plants that have been released into the wild; Gerhard Pils only lists Tulipa sylvestris , Tulipa humilis , Tulipa saxatilis and Tulipa armena as wild species for Turkey . Christenhusz et al. on the other hand assume "approx. seven" species, but do not name them. Tulipa suaveolens thrives in steppes and semi-deserts .

It is on the Red List of Endangered Species in Russia and Kazakhstan .

Systematics

The first publication of Tulipa suaveolens was in 1794 by Albrecht Wilhelm Roth in Annalen der Botanik. ed. Usteri , 10, p. 44. The specific epithet suaveolens means fragrant. Several species have been described from different localities which, as it turned out, all belong to the species Tulipa suaveolens . An important synonym for Tulipa suaveolens Roth is Tulipa schrenkii rule This name was in 1873 by Eduard August von rule published in Trudy Imperatorskago S. Peterburgskago Botaničeskago Sada, Volume 2, 2, S. 452, the epithet schrenkii honors Alexander Gustav von Schrenk . Further synonyms for Tulipa suaveolens Roth are: Tulipa volgensis M.Bieb. ex Eichw. Turner , Tulipa hortulanorum . , Tulipa odoratissima Vis. , Tulipa oxypetala Steven , Tulipa suaveolens var. Bicolor rule , Tulipa suaveolens var. Pluriflora rule , Tulipa turcarum Levier , Tulipa gesneriana var. Acutiflora , Tulipa gesneriana subsp. schrenkii (Regel) Nyman , Tulipa monticola E. Wulff , Tulipa splendens Delip.

Tulipa suaveolens belongs to the section Tulipa from the subgenus Tulipa within the genus Tulipa .

Botanical history

The wild tulip Tulipa suaveolens is known in Turkey as Kefe Lale (often paraphrased as "Cafe-Lale" after the city's medieval name, Kaffa). Johannes Marius Cornelis Hoog assumes that she is one of the ancestors of the classic Ottoman Istanbul tulip with dagger-shaped petals (horned tulip, Tulipa cornuta , often incorrectly referred to in the trade as Tulipa acuminata ). Sultan Selim II had 300,000 kefe onions brought to Istanbul for the garden of the Topkapı Palace .

Tulipa suaveolens is an ancestral form of the low-growing Duc tulips (also spelled Dukes , Dux or Ducks , variety group 1), which have been documented since the end of the 16th century (named after Adrian Duyk from Oud-Karspel ). A painting by Jacob de Gheyn II. Which was created from 1600 to 1603, is next to a conch shell and a bead of a vase with Gretchen-in-Green , a checkerboard flower , roses, columbine , lilies and pansies probably a Tulipa suaveolens with pointed bracts. A large moth sits on the vase. The artist's plant drawings show the same tulip). Onions under the name Tulipa schrenkii came to the Netherlands in 1881, where they were crossed with garden tulips (other hybrids ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jānis Rukšāns: Buried Treasures. Finding and growing the world's choicest bulbs. Portland, Timber Press 2007, p. 125
  2. ↑ a b c Tulipa suaveolens in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
  3. ↑ a b Ahmad Ghahreman, Farideh Attar, Farrokh Ghahremanineja: A New Species of Tulipa (Liliaceae) from Western Iran. In: Novon , Volume 17, Issue 4, 2007, p. 438.
  4. ↑ Naurzum Nature Reserve . Website of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Retrieved April 5, 2010
  5. ↑ a b MJM Christenhusz, R. Govaerts, JC David, T. Hall, K. Borland, PS Roberts, A. Tuomisto, S. Buerki, MW Chase, MF Fay: Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 172, 2013, pp. 280-328. quoted in the data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families by Kew.
  6. ^ Gerhard Pils, Flowers of Turkey, a photo-guide, self-published 2006, 361
  7. ↑ Maarten JM Christenhusz, Rafaël Govaerts, John C. David, Tony Hall, Katherine Borland, Penelope S. Roberts, Anne Tuomisto, Sven Buerki, Mark W. Chase & Michael F. Fay: Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 172, 3, 2013, pp. 280-328. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12061
  8. ↑ Tulipa suaveolens at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 16, 2013.
  9. ↑ Tulipa schrenkii , Rule 1873.
  10. ↑ Maarten JM Christenhusz, Rafaël Govaerts, John C. David, Tony Hall, Katherine Borland, Penelope S. Roberts, Anne Tuomisto, Sven Buerki, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 312
  11. ↑ a b Anna Pavord: The tulip. London, Bloomsbury 1999, pp. 25, 41 and 138.
  12. ↑ 'Duc van Tol' data sheet at oldtulips.org .
  13. ↑ Florence Hopper Boom 1975/76, An Early Flower Piece by Jacques de Gheyn II. Simiolus, Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art 8/4, 198.

Web links

Commons : Tulipa suaveolens  - Collection of images, videos and audio files