Turngau Frankfurt

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Turngau Frankfurt e. V.
High resolution logo
Founded June 2, 1875
Place of foundation Frankfurt am Main
Chairman Helmut Kalbskopf
societies 79
Members 65,910
Homepage turngau-frankfurt.de

The Turngau Frankfurt , based in Frankfurt am Main , Hessen , Germany , is a member of the Hessischer Turnverband e. V. and in the Deutscher Turner-Bund e. V. the Funding widths and - competitive sports .

characterization

As a regional umbrella organization and lobby group, Turngau Frankfurt represents 79 gymnastics and sports clubs with around 65,900 members from the city of Frankfurt am Main and the city of Bad Vilbel ( Wetteraukreis ). Within the Hessian Gymnastics Federation, he is the largest of a total of twenty Turngauen .

The organizes annual competitions and provides training courses for instructors. For the Turngau Frankfurt the Lohrbergfest has been organized by the Seckbach 1875 gymnastics club since 1951 .

Departments

The following departments exist within the association:

history

prehistory

The history of gymnastics in Frankfurt am Main begins in 1804, when physical exercises were taught at the model school according to the system of the gymnastics teacher Johann Christoph Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839). At that time, however, there was still no regular gym class at all Frankfurt schools.

The presence of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in Frankfurt in 1814 gave further impetus for the art of gymnastics. Adolph Diesterweg (1790–1866), teacher at the model school , made the acquaintance of Jahn. An invitation dated June 28, 1815 reads:

"On Wednesday evening after the exams have been completed, Messrs. Diesterweg and Jahn will hold a small exam in the garden of the model school with their students in gymnastics."

Swimming lessons and gymnastic exercises were included in the curriculum of the Frankfurt orphanage as early as 1815, and gymnastic exercises appeared for the first time in the curriculum of 1820. In 1815, students at the Frankfurt grammar school (today: Lessing grammar school) began gymnastics after a visit from Jahn (1778-1852) and continued with interruptions at different exercise areas until the 1830s. Organized gymnastics has existed in Frankfurt am Main since the first gymnastics club was founded by students under the name Clässer Turnverein . The exact year it was founded is unknown and can only be guessed at. "Clässer" stands for those from the classes (school classes), the "C" corresponds to the spelling customary at the time.

In 1833 Friedrich August Ravenstein (1809–1881), who is considered the Frankfurt gymnastics father, founded the Frankfurt gymnastics community from 1833. This club was joined in 1836 by the students of the already existing gymnastics club. In 1838, Ravenstein founded the Frankfurt Gymnastics Institute and took in the first six students in addition to schoolchildren, a sensation at the time, for many a taboo breach that female beings (may) do sports. On March 15, 1841, the first exercise gymnastics took place in Frankfurt. In 1849 38 girls were already doing gymnastics in the gym. On November 1, 1848, three women were allowed to “finally begin gymnastics for older women” (quote: FA Ravenstein) in the gymnasium, a month later there were already nine, because their encouraging role model quickly caught on. In March 1849, the girls' first public exercise took place in Frankfurt. In the winter of 1848/49 the women founded the first women's gymnastics club in Frankfurt, one of the oldest in Germany. In doing so, they demonstrated courage and a revolutionary spirit that was decidedly directed against the supremacy of men. In 1850, the model school was the first school in Frankfurt to introduce girls' gymnastics for the upper classes.

At the time of the reaction era after the failed revolution of 1848/49 , there were also considerable restrictions for the Frankfurt Turner. In 1852 all gymnastics clubs in Frankfurt were banned, and Ravenstein's gymnasium no longer received any funding. Gymnastics clubs were considered political clubs, women were not allowed to be members. Ravenstein found a way out or a detour and founded the Frankfurt Institute for Therapeutic Gymnastics and Orthopedics in 1854. There women could do their exercises again.

The Sachsenhausen gymnastics club was re- founded in 1857 as the first gymnastics club in Frankfurt . The Frankfurter Turnverein was founded in 1860 as the successor to the Frankfurt gymnastics community. In 1861, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the founding of German gymnastics in Berlin , the Frankfurt clubs and the clubs from Bornheim , Bockenheim , Hausen , Hanau , Sprendlingen , Nieder- and Oberrad moved from the Frankfurt city library to the Oberforsthaus in a joint procession the city forest. Ceremonial speeches and gymnastics were held there, and choirs sang patriotic songs.

In the same year efforts began to establish a Frankfurt Turngau. The Middle Rhine Circle of the German Gymnastics Association (DT) was formed, which all Frankfurt gymnastics clubs joined. The intended founding purpose of a Turngau Frankfurt as a subdivision of the district was to promote gymnastics in Frankfurt am Main and to create a joint representation for the individual clubs in the city. The suggestion for this came from the Frankfurter Turnverein 1860. The first joint activity of the Frankfurt gymnasts was their participation in the 3rd German Gymnastics Festival in Leipzig in 1863 . Gymnastics clubs of the time formed so-called Wehrriegen, which took part in the German wars of unification in 1864, 1866 and 1870/71. In 1872 the negotiations about the establishment of a Turngau Frankfurt were resumed, stimulated by the 6th German Gymnastics Festival held in Bonn that year . On September 24th, 1873, the first decision was made by the board of the association to form a joint administration for the Frankfurt gymnastics club. On the IX. Middle Rhine district gymnastics festival on July 26, 1874 in Gießen , the Frankfurt gymnasts took part.

founding

The association was founded on June 2, 1875 as Gau Frankfurt a. M. founded as the 8th district of the Middle Rhine District of the DT. After completing all preliminary negotiations, the six founding members agreed to the constitution:

  • Frankfurt gymnastics and fencing club
previously the Frankfurter Wehrverein, before that the Frankfurter Gymnastics Club and the Frankfurter Gymnastics Community
  • Frankfurt gymnastics community 1861
  • Frankfurt Gymnastics Society 1847
  • Frankfurt gymnastics club from 1860
Successor to the Frankfurt gymnastics community founded by August Ravenstein in 1833

The founding ceremony took place on June 21 of the same year, a gymnastics show on the Silcherfeld, the gymnasium on Ostendstrasse and a subsequent social gathering in the adjacent gym, the Ostendhalle. During this event, the Frankfurt Turnermarsch, composed by Georg Grüner, played for the first time. On September 19, 1875, the future annually gauwettturnen took place in the Ostendhalle, where winners were determined and prizes were distributed. Since the municipal hall was not enough for the clubs, their own club gyms were built in the following years, as the first that of the Frankfurt gymnastics club on Sandweg 4 in 1878, which still exists today.

The first big challenge was not long in coming, because the German Gymnastics Association approached the Turngau Frankfurt in early July 1878 to host the 5th German Gymnastics Festival in Frankfurt am Main in 1880. On October 2, 1878, a citizens' meeting was held under the direction of Frankfurt's Lord Mayor Daniel Heinrich Mumm von Schwarzenstein (1818–1890), in which the citizens agreed to take over and promote the gymnastics festival.

Further history during the empire

From July 24th to 28th, 1880, the 5th German Gymnastics Festival took place on the area "Dicke Oede", an area on Friedberger Landstrasse that belonged to Baron Mayer Carl von Rothschild (1820-1886) and was rented. The local breweries, who trusted in the legendary thirst of Turner, took part.

The event was the largest sporting event in the city to date with around 10,000 gymnasts and an international audience, including from the United States and Russia . Lord Mayor Johannes von Miquel (1828–1901) and the city administration got involved in the German Gymnastics Festival in their city. The federal banner of the German Gymnastics Association, donated by women “from middle-class families”, was kept for five years in the Roman's Imperial Hall . The festival area registered the enjoyment of 48,000 bottles of wine, 110,000 bottles of cider and 420,000 glasses of beer.

A gymnastics department for women was only reopened in Frankfurt in 1891, more than 40 years after the women's gymnastics club was founded. In the same year, gymnastics for boys and girls began again.

From July 18 to 23, 1908, another German Gymnastics Festival took place in Frankfurt, the first German city that was allowed to host a gymnastics festival for the second time. Lord Mayor Franz Adickes (1846–1915) was able to offer the newly built festival hall with the adjoining 230,000 square meter festival area, today's Frankfurt exhibition grounds . 55,000 gymnasts from 3,326 clubs took part; women were allowed to take part from 1894. In addition to classic gymnastics exercises and competitions, there were competitions in fencing , athletics and swimming . Around 200 special trains rolled in, and a total of 400,000 visitors watched the events and competitions, including Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm . Hundreds of thousands watched the gymnast's parade through the city.

time of the nationalsocialism

After January 30, 1933, the German Reich Committee for Physical Exercise (DRA), the umbrella organization of the 38 gymnastics and sports associations - including the German Gymnastics Association (DT) - with over seven million members, but also the Central Commission for Workers' Sport and Body Care (ZK) as the umbrella organization of the gymnastics and sports associations of the workforce with 1.2 million members, disempowered and dissolved by the National Socialists . The association's assets were expropriated using the law on the confiscation of assets hostile to the people and the state passed on July 14, 1933. On May 24, 1933, the Reichsführerring was created, which on January 30, 1934 was converted into the German Reich Association for Physical Exercise (DRL). After the introduction of the Reichsflaggengesetz of September 15, 1935 (RGBl. I p. 1145), all German gymnastics clubs took over the swastika used by the National Socialists as the only symbol, whereby the old club and association flags with gymnasts' cross were banned.

The Nazis also carried out a so-called Aryanization of clubs and associations, very actively supported by associations of the German Gymnastics Association. These demanded the introduction of an Aryan paragraph for the DT and the exclusion of Jewish members even before the law for the restoration of the civil service , passed on April 7, 1933 , which for the first time contained a corresponding passage. Just one day later, the DT Main Committee incorporated it into its statutes. While the exemptions for Jewish fighters from the First World War applied everywhere , the DT demanded full Aryanization of its membership as early as May 17th, thus going well beyond the racial legislation of the Nazis. Even members with only one Jewish grandparent should be excluded, while the Nazis did not yet allow for the exclusion of so-called quarter Jews . The chairman of DT, Edmund Neuendorff, in the wording:

"I therefore [...] cancel the exceptions and determine that all male and female members of the German gymnastics association who are of Jewish descent, including their grandparents, must withdraw from the gymnastics association."

Jewish fighters from the First World War were allowed to remain in some clubs and associations until December 1933, after which their membership became impossible by law. In the course of 1933 all Jewish athletes lost their membership in the clubs of the Turngau Frankfurt. Jewish patrons, who previously supported Frankfurt associations on a large scale, were also excluded. By the end of the war in 1945, most of the Jewish German athletes who could not or did not want to emigrate were murdered in ghettos and concentration camps , often after years of torture . Among them were of course also former championship winners and Olympic athletes of world renown.

post war period

Opening of the Frankfurt Gymnastics Festival in the Paulskirche , August 19, 1948
Lohrbergfest - Meadow in Lohrpark on the Lohrberg in Frankfurt - Seckbach
Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn monument on the Lohrbergfest meadow in Lohrpark on the Lohrberg in Frankfurt - Seckbach
Graphic: Location of the Lohrberg Festival, which takes place annually in May

In 1948, Mayor Walter Kolb (1902–1956) called for the gymnastics festival in Frankfurt on August 19-23, a risk he took in the post-war period to give people a lift in their apparent hopelessness. The gymnastics festival of 1948 was planned as a German gymnastics festival, but had to be called the Frankfurt gymnastics festival due to reservations by the Allies ; there were no all-German events in the four occupation zones during this period . The French and Soviet zones forbade gymnasts in their sphere of influence from participating, but some managed to come secretly and start for clubs in Hesse and Baden. A total of 30,000 active people were represented, 18,000 spectators found their way to the festival area despite the living conditions and worries at that time.

After the Frankfurt gymnastics festival in 1948, Walter Kolb developed the idea of holding a Frankfurt mountain gymnastics festival in 1950 . In coordination with the Frankfurt Sports Office, the Turnverein Seckbach 1875 became the organizer of the Lohrbergfest , which takes place annually in May, for the Turngau Frankfurt from 1951 . If the weather is bad, there is an alternative date in September. Since then, hundreds of children and young people from Frankfurt and Bad Vilbel gymnastics and sports clubs have moved to Frankfurt's local mountain, the Lohrberg . The focus is always on athletic competitions, and at times also men's fistball tournaments.

In 1953, on May 31st, on the occasion of the 3rd Lohrberg Festival, the Friedrich Ludwig Jahn monument in Frankfurt was inaugurated, directly on the Lohrberg Festival meadow in Lohrpark on the Lohrberg, by Mayor Walter Kolb and Lohrberg Festival coordinator Karl Zscherneck from TV Seckbach 1875.

In 1983, on the initiative of Mayor Walter Wallmann , the German Gymnastics Festival took place again in Frankfurt from June 26th to July 3rd, with 65,000 participants and 300 events in the exhibition halls, the festival hall and in the neighboring Rebstockpark, in the Waldstadion , in the ice rink , and the indoor swimming pools and on some club sports facilities. Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl gave the speech in the Paulskirche. Numerous gymnastics clubs and the Turngau looked after the gymnast groups who came to the city in club and school gyms. Federal President Karl Carstens said goodbye to the participants and visitors in the Waldstadion.

Recent developments

In 2008, the association and the city of Frankfurt am Main celebrated 175 years of gymnastics in Frankfurt am Main . In addition, a gymnastics and games festival took place on May 31st on the Römerberg , the square in front of the Römer town hall . However, the anniversary referred to the founding of the Frankfurt gymnastics community in 1833 by Friedrich August Ravenstein. The Clässer gymnastics club in Frankfurt existed years before, but the exact date of its foundation is unknown.

On May 29, 2009, a memorial event took place at the Friedrich Ludwig Jahn monument in Frankfurt in Lohrpark on Lohrberg in the Seckbach district, attended by the honorary chairman of the Hessian Gymnastics Association (HTV), Werner Mais, the HTV vice-president Rolf Byron and the chairman des Turngaues Frankfurt, Volker Gilbert, took part and laid a wreath. During the International German Gymnastics Festival from May 30th to June 5th in Frankfurt, numerous gymnastics clubs and the Turngau looked after the gymnast groups who had traveled to the city's club and school gyms.

literature

  • Annual reports of the Frankfurt gymnastics institute by August Ravenstein. Institute for Urban History, City of Frankfurt am Main (V33 / 16).
  • Statutes of the Frankfurt women's gymnastics club. In: Women's newspaper. Issue No. 28, 1849.
  • Kloss, Moritz: The soldier's gymnastics school, systematic instruction for the physical training of the military man, especially for field and military service. JJ Weber publishing house, Leipzig 1860.
  • Pfister, Gertrud: 1848 and the beginnings of girls and women gymnastics. In: Deutsches Turnen (1981), 1, pp. 8-10; 2, pp. 29-30; 3, pp. 47-49.
  • Neumann, Herbert : German gymnastics festivals. 2nd Edition. Limpert, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-7853-1444-2 .

swell

  • Institute for Urban History , City of Frankfurt am Main, Local History Collection, S3 / P, Sign. 10.475, Turngau Frankfurt; S3 / T, sign. 26.263-10.266, Lohrbergfest; Municipal files, sign. 2.786, athletic sports festivals, foundation of a Walter Kolb hiking award for the Lohrbergfest.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Membership statistics 2016 on: htv-online.de
  2. ↑ Facts ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: turngau-frankfurt.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.turngau-frankfurt.de
  3. ↑ Competitions ( Memento of the original from June 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: turngau-frankfurt.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / turngau-frankfurt.de
  4. ↑ Training courses ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: turngau-frankfurt.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.turngau-frankfurt.de
  5. ^ Annual reports of August Ravenstein's gymnastics institute, Institute for City History, City of Frankfurt am Main (V33 / 16)
  6. ↑ Photo: Flag of the Turngaues Frankfurt e. V. ( Memento of the original from December 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: turngau-frankfurt.de @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.turngau-frankfurt.de
  7. ^ Herbert Neumann: German gymnastics festivals. Limpert, 1987, ISBN 3-7853-1444-2 .
  8. ^ Meyers Lexikon, 8th edition, eighth volume, Sp. 525, Leipzig, 1940: Nuremberg Laws
  9. ^ Peter Longerich: Politics of Destruction. Piper, Munich 1998. ISBN 3-492-03755-0 , p. 622.
  10. ^ Hajo Bernett: Turner's Cross and Swastika - On the History of Political Symbolism. In: Spectrum of Sports Science. 4, 1992, H 1, p. 30, ISSN  1022-7717 .
  11. ↑ In: Deutsche Turnzeitung. 1933, No. 21, p. 401.
  12. ↑ Jörg Lichter: The Discrimination of Jewish Sportsmen in the Time of National Socialism. In: Cologne lectures and treatises on social and economic history. Issue 39. Cologne 1992. pp. 24-25.
  13. ^ Hajo Bernett: The Jewish Sport in National Socialist Germany 1933–1938. In: Series of publications by the Federal Institute for Sport Science. Volume 18. Schorndorf 1978. pp. 24-25.
  14. ↑ Persecuted and Murdered: The Jews in Sports . In: Gerhard Fischer / Ulrich Lindner: Striker for Hitler. Interplay between football and National Socialism. Göttingen 1998, p. 191 f.
  15. ^ Herbert Neumann: Frankfurt, the gymnastics queen. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. May 29, 2009.
  16. ↑ Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: turngau-frankfurt.de  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.turngau-frankfurt.de
  17. ↑ Internationales Deutsches Turnfest 2009. on: frankfurt.de