Insolent knight

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Insolent knight
Cheeky knight (Tricholoma lascivum)

Cheeky knight ( Tricholoma lascivum )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Knight relatives (Tricholomataceae)
Genre : Knightlings ( Tricholoma )
Type : Insolent knight
Scientific name
Tricholoma lascivum
( Fr. ) Gillet

The cheeky knight ( Tricholoma lascivum ) is a mushroom from the family of knight relatives (Tricholomataceae). It is characterized by its whitish color, dense lamellae , a rigid but brittle stem , the pungent taste after prolonged chewing, the unpleasant odor after prolonged lying and its occurrence in deciduous forests. The mycological name lascivum comes from Latin and means something like "lush, dissolute" and refers to its intrusive smell.

features

Macroscopic features

The cheeky knight's hat is 3 to 7, sometimes up to 12 centimeters wide. At the beginning it is arched and later flattened with an irregularly wavy or bumpy surface. It is dirty whitish to light leathery yellow and has pale ocher to light rusty brown spots even when young. The surface is silky matt, without shine and cracked when dry. The slightly protruding edge of the hat is thin and initially curved. It is often torn and sometimes a little ripped. The tightly standing lamellae are attached to the handle, but can be easily detached from it and run down with a tooth. They are rigid, quite high and whitish and later cream-colored. The edges are weakly notched and turn brown when they dry out. The spore powder is whitish. The firm, whitish to cream-colored stem is slightly club-shaped and sometimes pointed at the base. It becomes 3–7 cm long and 6–15 mm thick. Its surface is also dull, ocher-brownish along the length of the fibers and sometimes grainy and rusty. There are white, sticky flakes at the tip of the stem. The pale yellowish-white flesh initially has a sweetish-disgusting or flour-like smell, later a gas-like, pungent odor; it is then reminiscent of the strongly smelling granular umbrella ( Cystoderma carcharias ). The taste is bitter and at most sharp after prolonged chewing.

Microscopic features

The spores are elliptical to apple seed-shaped and measure 6–8.5 × 3–5 µm. The ratio of length to width is 1.5-2.1. They are hyaline and inamyloid . They have a drop and a smooth surface. The basidia are cylindrical-club-shaped and 30–35 × 6–7 µm in size. They each have four spurs and a buckle on the base. There are no cystids . The top layer of the hat consists of 3–7 µm thick, more or less parallel, interwoven hyphae , some of which rise. The septa exhibit some buckles on.

Species delimitation

Some types of knight with white hats have similarities with the outrageous knight. The annoying knight ( T. inamoenum ) grows in coniferous forests, tastes mild and has larger spores. The pale straw knight ( T. album ) does not have a gaseous odor even when old and is found under birch trees. The silky knight ( T. columbetta ) is odorless and has a greasy hat in damp weather. The Salty Knight ( Tricholoma sulphurescens ) turns yellow with age and when touched.

Ecology and phenology

The Cheeky Knight can be found mainly in mesophilic beech and beech-fir forests and there primarily in woodruff and barley-beech forests . It also grows in oak and other mixed forests and occasionally on forest roadsides and in parks. The fungus colonizes sandy to loamy and seep-fresh to moist soils, which are preferably alkaline to neutral, and more rarely acidic. The parent material thereby form limestones , marl and plutonic rocks . In some regions, however, the species can also be found more frequently on acidic subsoil.

The fungus forms an ecto mycorrhiza with deciduous trees. These are mainly the common beech , followed by the oak . However, it does not occur under birch trees . The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious in the leaf litter or directly on the ground. They are formed from August to November. They are rarely found sooner or later.

distribution

The cheeky knight is widespread in Europe and Asia ( Caucasus , Central Asia, Eastern Siberia ). In Europe, the area extends from Great Britain, the Netherlands and France in the west to Belarus in the east, south to Spain, Italy and Romania and north to southern Fennoscandinavia and Estonia. In Germany, the fungus can be found in all federal states, but its distribution is very patchy.

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literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rose Marie Dähncke : 1200 mushrooms. Determine easily and safely . Weltbild, Augsburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8289-3112-1 , p. 252 .
  2. ↑ Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel, Edmund Michael: Blattpilze - Hellblättler und Leistlinge . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 4th edition. tape 3 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1987, ISBN 3-334-00027-3 , p. 374 .
  3. ↑ Marcel Bon : Parey's book of mushrooms . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 150 (English: The mushrooms and tools of Britain and Northwestern Europe . Translated by Till R. Lohmeyer).
  4. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 , p. 569.
  5. ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 3: Bolete and agaric mushrooms. Part 1: Strobilomycetaceae and Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellar). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7 , p. 330.
  6. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-440-12408-6 , pp. 156 .

Web links

Commons : Cheeky Knight  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files