Urban art

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Urban Art is used as a generic term and synonym for the various types of visual and action art not only in public spaces . These include graffiti , street art , sticker art , urban knitting , guerrilla gardening and adbusting . Urban art is the legal form of street art and graffiti.

To the subject

Urban Art or Urban Contemporary Art (UCA) is a term for art that is displayed in public space, has established itself on the art market and is now also used by auction houses such as Bonhams or Sotheby’s . Urban art has no fixed demarcation from graffiti. Many artists affiliated with the UCA work legally as well as illegally. The UCA can be distinguished from graffiti because many of the UCA's artists also make their works portable, i.e. on canvas, wood, etc. These works can be sold. But also illegal works, such as by Banksy, Blek le Rat or others, were made movable and sold. Urban artists therefore not only work outdoors, but also in studios or in "interiors". The mainly illegal graffiti scene works with the concept of street credibility, which an artist from the UCA does not necessarily have to have in order to want to and be able to work outdoors. This demarcation is important for some authors and the scene; it is sufficient to work in the style of graffiti or street art: "Street-flavored art". This includes, for example, the use of markers and spray cans, surfaces such as truck tarpaulins or street furniture (portable works e.g. on doors, windows, pieces of wall) or stylistic devices such as running paint, use of graffiti writing (e.g. Wild Style, Bubble style). Illegal graffiti / street art, if removed from the street and carried into the gallery, becomes urban art. In contrast to land art, street art (or sometimes also graffiti), there is primarily the advertising industry that adopts the UCA stylistic device or street art and also has advertising created by artists in the scene. Large murals, part of the UCA, are often more urban art than street art, as they are often legally executed and thus, like urban art, are generally permanent, not ephemeral like street art, i.e. H. urban art cannot simply be destroyed like street art or graffiti. While illegal street art and graffiti are mostly based on the scale of the human body (plus possible extensions using paint rollers on poles or fire extinguishers) <! Here the verb> is missing, urban art murals often work in larger dimensions and with lifting platforms. Urban Art is a young art movement of the 21st century that draws its impetus from the cities and their urban life. The art is often performed by artists who live in an urban setting or who have a preference for the city. As it is predominantly inspired by urban architecture and thematizes an urban lifestyle , it often includes all forms of fine art that appear in urban spaces. "UrbanArt is a cultural phenomenon of our time, by no means a new art form", Frank Krämer comments.

Works by some urban artists are also exhibited in galleries and museums and represented in art collections such as the Reinking Collection.

Timetable

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The timetable was taken from the catalog for the “UrbanArt Biennale 2015” exhibition at the Völklinger Hütte World Heritage Site

  • The forerunners of UrbanArt

1920 In Mexico, as part of the revolution, muralism is created , the first wall painting in public space.
1947 The concept of Art brut is created. Jean Dubuffet and André Breton found the Companie de l'art brut in Paris , the aim of which is to collect alternative art.
1959 Jackson Pollock founded action painting and thus significantly influenced not only American but also European art. Richard Hamilton and Peter Blake turn everyday objects into art. The Pop Art is born.

  • Street Art / Graffiti as an essential source of inspiration for UrbanArt

1960 First taggings appear on the streets of Philadelphia (USA). 1968 Werner Nöfer and Dieter Glasmacher paint the first and largest wall painting in Hamburg on the "Goßen Freiheit". 1972 Graffiti War: The Mayor of New York City , John Lindsay said the graffiti war. Trains with graffiti be removed from circulation
in 1979 , the first rap -Platte ( " Rapper's Delight " ) from the Shugarhill transition appears
1980 Keith Haring begins with white chalk billboards of the New York subway to paint
1981 First graffiti from Blek le Rat dive in Paris. The stencil style was born in
1982 The work of Keith Haring and Jean-Michel Basquiat conquered the galleries in
1983 Style Wars , a film considered the earliest documentation of hip hop and urban art and showing the new art in New York City in
1989 The last sprayed train is withdrawn from service in New York City. The street artist Shepard Fairey starts the campaign "Obey Giant"

  • Urban art

2000s festivals like Nuart in Stavanger ( Norway ) and Melbourne ( Australia ) promote the cultural operational integration and partial decriminalization of street art

2003 and 2005 Under the title "Backjumps - The Live Issue" , two influential exhibitions with innovative graffiti and street art artists take place in Berlin, including Banksy, Os Gemeos, JR, Zevs, Blu, Swoon, Brad Downey, Obey, Poet, Lokiss, Skki, Jayone, Delta, Zeds, Akim and Zasd
2005 The British sprayer Banksy becomes the world's best-known street artist.
2006 The IBUg , an annual festival about painted walls in industrial wastelands in Saxony, takes place for the first time
2008 The exhibition “Street Art ”in the Modern Tate in London shows the world's leading UrbanArt artists, including Os Gêmeos from Brazil , FAILE from the USA , Blu (street artist) from Italy and JR from France . The street art activist Shepard Fairey spreads the likeness of Barack Obama with the help of a stencil in Los Angeles
2009 The first street art fair " Stroke Art " takes place in Munich . With the first Street Art Festival Istanbul in Turkey and the BLK River Festival in Vienna , two further European urban art and post-graffiti events are being created this year.
2011 The UrbanArt Graffiti 21 exhibition with internationally renowned street art artists is shown in the Völklinger Hütte World Heritage Site . At the same time, the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) in Los Angeles is presenting the exhibition “ Art in the streets ”
2012. The Urban Spree Gallery is opening in Berlin , with a focus on urban art artists Newly painted facade.
2015 The third UrbanArt Biennale in the UNESCO World Heritage Site Völklinger Hütte shows works by 80 urban art artists from 21 countries and 6 continents.
2015 PowWow Hawaii

Exhibitions

literature

  • Michael Naumann : Werner Nöfer - street art. In: ZEIT magazine. 3/1970.
  • Horst Schmidt-Brümmer : The painted city - initiatives to change the streets in the USA / examples in Europe. Publishing house M.DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1973, ISBN 3-7701-0719-5 .
  • Jörgen Bracker : The change in the republic or a theory of architecture. Catalog of the Museum of Hamburg History "The Street Museum" for the exhibition Werner Nöfer . 1998, ISBN 3-00-002497-2 , pp. 28-39.
  • Ulrich Blanché: Banksy. Urban Art in a Material World. Transcript, Marburg 2016, pp. 59-60.
  • Johannes Stahl: Some Defining Aspects in Graffiti, Street Art, and Urban Art. In: Ulrich Blanché, Ilaria Hoppe (Ed.): Urban Art: Creating the Urban with Art. Lisbon 2018, p. 19. (urbancreativity.org)
  • Ulrich Blanché, Ilaria Hoppe (Ed.): Urban Art: Creating the Urban with Art. Lisbon 2018, p. 19. (urbancreativity.org)

Film - video

  • Hello my name is German Graffiti. Film documentary. Director Stefan Pohl. 2015

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Ulrich Blanché: Banksy: Urban Art in a Material World. Tectum Verlag, Marburg, 2016, p. 59.
  2. ^ Johannes Stahl: Some Defining Aspects in Graffiti, Street Art, and Urban Art. In: Ulrich Blanché, Ilaria Hoppe (Ed.): Urban Art: Creating the Urban with Art. Lisbon 2018, p. 19, online version .
  3. ↑ Ulrich Blanché: commercialization of urban art. In: UNDERSTAND - the Power of Art as a Social Architect. URBAN NATION, Berlin 2018, p. 90.
  4. ↑ Ulrich Blanché: Introduction. In: Ilaria Hoppe, Ulrich Blanché (Eds.): Urban Art: Creating the Urban With Art. Lisbon 2018, p. 6. (urbancreativity.org)
  5. ↑ Ulrich Blanché: Banksy vs. Bristol Museum - Street Art or street “flavored” art? In: Pedro Soares Neves, Daniela V. de Freitas Simões (Eds.): Lisbon Street Art & Urban Creativity 2014 International Conference. Lisbon 2014, ISBN 978-989-20-5138-3 , p. 18.
  6. ↑ a b Javier Abarca: From street art to murals: what have we lost? In: Street Art & Urban Creativity Journal. Vol. 2/2016, p. 61.
  7. ^ Frank Krämer, Meinrad Maria Grewenig (Ed.): UrbanArt - Graffiti 21. Wunderhorn-Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-88423-372-6 .
  8. ^ Gerhard Finckh , Toke Lykeberg: still on and non the wiser: an exhibition with selected urban artists. 1st edition. Publikat Verlag, Mainaschaff 2008, ISBN 978-3-939566-20-5 (exhibition catalog).
  9. ^ Urban Art. Works from the Reinking Collection. New Museum Weserburg Bremen Foundation, 2009, accessed on June 25, 2013 : “Participating artists: Akim, Ash, Herbert Baglione, Banksy , Blu , Boxi, Bronco, Dave the Chimp, Brad Downey , Ben Eine, Shepard Fairey , Mark Jenkins , Kaws, Daniel Man , Miss Van, Mode 2, Os Gêmeos, Mirko Reisser ( DAIM ), Space Invader, Swoon, DTagno, Tilt, Vitché, Heiko Zahlmann, Zevs, Zezão "
  10. ^ Ingo Clauss, Stephen Riolo, Sotirios Bahtsetzis: Urban Art: Works from the Reinking Collection . 1st edition. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7757-2503-3 .
  11. ↑ Meinrad Maria Grewenig (Ed.): UrbanArt Biennale 2015. 2nd, extended edition. Wunderhorn-Verlag, Heidelberg 2015, ISBN 978-3-88423-510-2 .
  12. ^ Hannah Martin: In Istanbul, artists take their ideas to the streets. Northeastern University , July 18, 2011.
  13. ↑ streetartistanbul.com
  14. ↑ BLK River Festival Opening ( memento of November 29, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), uberding.net, October 20, 2009.
  15. ↑ archiv.monopol-magazin.de
  16. ↑ Homepage Urban Nation and Project M