Ursula von Munsterberg

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Ursula von Münsterberg , Duchess of Münsterberg and Opava and Countess of Glatz ( Czech Uršula for Minstrberka even Voršila Minstrberská, Kněžna a Kladská Hraběnka * to 1491 / 95 or 1499 probably in Cieszyn , † by 2. February 1534 probably in the pen Gernrode or in Liegnitz ) was a Catholic nun of the order of the Magdalenerinnen and later a Protestant writer.

Life

Title page of Christlich vrsach , Nuremberg edition 1529

Ursula, who was a granddaughter of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady , came from the noble family Podebrady . Her parents were Duke Viktorin von Münsterberg and Troppau (1443–1500) and Margarete (Alena Margherita) Palaiologina de Montferrat († 1496 or after 1500).

As an orphan she grew up with her aunt Sidonie von Böhmen (1449-1510) at the court of her cousin, the Albertine Saxon Duke George the Bearded (1471-1539), in Dresden .

Around 1508/10, Ursula entered the Magdalen convent in Freiberg as a child at the request of her aunt Sidonie and took her religious vows . She was called " the joyful " by her fellow sisters . From the monastery she corresponded with her second aunt, Duchess Margarethe von Anhalt , by birth Duchess von Münsterberg.

Presumably Ursula von Münsterberg became acquainted with Martin Luther's writings through Lorenz Soranus († 1531), who was lecturer at the Freiberg Franciscan monastery until around 1526 . Magister Andreas Bodenschatz († 1553), who had been expelled from Leipzig and had been a preacher at the Magdalen convent in Freiberg since 1526, was also evangelical. Katharina von Mecklenburg (1487–1561), the wife of her - at that time still Catholic - cousin Heinrich the Pious of Saxony (1473–1541), apparently had Lutheran books smuggled into the monastery. On October 6, 1528 Ursula von Münsterberg left the monastery under the influence of the Reformation together with Dorothea Tanberg (Thannsberg) (* around 1510; † after 1548) from Freiberg and Margaretha Volckmar from Leipzig. Another nun, Katharina Wildeck († after 1538), daughter or niece of Zwickau councilor Hans Wildeck († 1529), had originally wanted to join the escape, but changed her decision.

Ursula von Münsterberg fled to the Ernestine Electorate of Saxony via Leisnig , where she found refuge with Pastor Dominikus Beyer (1477–1552) - a former Freiberg Franciscan - to Wittenberg . Ursula von Münsterberg published a pamphlet written shortly before leaving the monastery in April 1528, in which she justified her departure in 69 articles. Martin Luther wrote to Nikolaus Hausmann on June 29 and August 5 about the planned escape and Georg Spalatin on October 20, 1528 about the flight and wrote an epilogue to the Duchess's script. His handwritten 15 theses “ Das clauster leben vnchristlich vnd schedlich sey ” from 1528 (a changing excerpt from “ De votis monasticis ” (= “From the monks' vows”) from 1521) are probably a reaction to Ursula's flight from the monastery.

Letter from V [rsula] g [eborene] H [erzogin] tz [u] M [ünsterberg] & c E [ure] S [sister] I [n] C [hristo] to Stephan Roth, 1528.
In line 12 is the Zwickau councilor Hans Wildeck mentioned.

Ursula von Münsterberg and Dorothea Tanberg exchanged several letters with the Zwickau town clerk Stephan Roth between 1528 and 1530, which, among other things, dealt with the fate of the nun Katharina Wildeck, who was left behind in the monastery.

The Albertine dukes George the Bearded and Henry the Pious of Saxony intervened in vain with their Ernestine cousin, Elector Johann the Steadfast of Saxony (1468–1532), who refused to hand over their “ aunt ” - the escaped duchess - to them. Ursula's flight from Münsterberg occurred at the time of a conflict between George the Bearded and Johann the Steadfast during the so-called " Packschen Handel ". Duchess Margarethe von Anhalt wrote to try to persuade her niece to return to the monastery. The virgin monastery of St. Maria Magdalena for Penance (also: Jakobskloster) in Freiberg was subjected to a strict visitation in January 1529 .

In January 1529 Ursula traveled from Münsterberg to Marienwerder to see her sister Apollonia (* before 1496 or 1500; † 1529), who had been married to the local bishop Erhard von Queis since 1528 . Her sister died two months later in March of the same year in childbed after the birth of her daughter Maria (* 1529; † 1538), her brother-in-law in September 1529. Duke Albrecht of Prussia took the orphaned daughter Maria to his “ mumb ” Apollonia “next to our muhmen “Ursula von Münsterberg to Koenigsberg . He was a brother-in-law of Apollonias and Ursula's cousin Duke Friedrich II , Duke of Liegnitz and Brieg , and of George the Bearded of Saxony. In 1530 Ursula von Münsterberg stayed in Liegnitz with her cousin Friedrich II and in the same year asked Abbess Elisabeth von Weida for admission to the free worldly women's monastery in Gernrode. The request was probably made only after the death of her strictly Old Believer aunt Margarethe von Münsterberg († June 28, 1530), who, as regent of the Principality of Anhalt-Dessau, had taken over the hereditary bailiff over the monastery. In her answer, the abbess assured "help and foresight"; Friedrich II. Von Liegnitz, who had asked for this in a letter to the Chancellor of Ansbach, Georg Vogler (* 1486/87; † 1550), and his brother-in-law Margrave Georg “the Pious” of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach - married to Hedwig von Münsterberg -Oels (1508–1531) - related on the occasion of the Augsburg Diet in 1530 with the Saxon Elector Johann the Constant for the Duchess. Ursula's presence in Liegnitz is documented until 1532. Her last sign of life is a letter to Friedrich II in Liegnitz dated February 1534, without specifying the place of dispatch, in which she reports on her poor state of health and makes testimonies.

Ursulas von Münsterberg's writing was on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum from 1596 to 1900 , only under Pope Leo XIII. her name disappeared there.

Ursula von Münsterberg is occasionally confused with her cousins ​​Ursula von Münsterberg- Oels (1498–1545), daughter of Duke Albrecht I von Münsterberg-Oels (1468–1511), married to Heinrich Švihovský von Riesenberg († 1551) since 1517 , or Ursula von Münsterberg- Frankenstein (1505–1539), daughter of Duke Karl I von Münsterberg-Oels-Frankenstein (1476–1536), married to Hieronymus von Bieberstein († 1549).

swell

  • Letters from Ursula von Münsterberg to Duchess Margarethe von Anhalt dated August 12, 1513, December 13, 1518, August 28, 1520, January 26, 1522, February 3 and November 12, 1526 from Freiberg; Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt (Z 6 Anhaltisches Gesamtarchiv. Neue Sachordnung (1307–1618), No. 1117 Duchesses Magdalena, Zedene, Anna, Ursula von Münsterberg etc. mostly to Princess Margarethe von Anhalt , 1494–1530)
  • Letter from Ursula von Münsterberg to Elector Johann the Resident of Saxony from October 18, 1528 from Wittenberg; Main State Archive Dresden (Saxon State Archive, 10024 Privy Council (Secret Archive), No. Loc. 9865/03 - 12. Münsterberg, Miss [Ursula] and Monastery , 1528, p. 36)
  • Letters from Martin Luther from Wittenberg to Nikolaus Hausmann in Zwickau on June 29, 1528 and August 5, 1528
  • Letter from Martin Luther to Georg Spalatin of October 20, 1528 from Wittenberg; Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt (03.01.01. Anhaltisches Gesamtarchiv (941-1821), Z 8 Luther manuscript collection, No. 337 Luther to Spalatin (concerns among other things: the escape of 3 nuns, among others Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg, from the Freiberg monastery) = Thuringian University and State Library Jena ( Georg Rörer Collection , Ms. Bos. Q. 25 b , Martin Luther Briefe (No. 150-341) to Georg Spalatin , 1522–1544, No. 249, sheets 216v – 217v)) ( digitized the Thuringian University and State Library Jena)
  • Letter from Duchess Margarete von Anhalt to Ursula von Münsterberg from January 4, 1529 from Dessau ; Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt (Z 6 Anhaltisches Gesamtarchiv. Neue Sachordnung (1307–1618), Princess Margarete, née von Münsterberg, No. 12 Margarete to Ursula von Münsterberg , 1529)
  • Letters from Ursula von Münsterberg to Magister Stephan Roth from December 21, 1528 from Wittenberg, from January 9, 1529 from Marienwerder and from June 19, 1530 from Liegniz; Zwickau Council School Library (O. 68 and E. 73)
  • Answer of the priorin and whole sampnunge of the Jungfrowencloster zou Freyberg uff dy outgoing written and stated causes of three nuns, escaping from iren closter (February 18, 1529); Main State Archive Dresden (Saxon State Archive, 10024 Privy Council (Secret Archive), No. Loc. 10592/10, visits to some monasteries in Thuringia and Meißen , 1524, 1529, 1531, 1533–1534)
  • Letter from Ursula von Münsterberg to Duke Albrecht of Prussia on January 28, 1531 from Liegnitz; formerly State Archives Königsberg (Cabinet II, F. 29, No. 10)
  • Letter from Ursula von Münsterberg to Duke Friedrich II von Liegnitz dated February 2, 1534; formerly State Archives Wroclaw (LBW.I. 1 f)

Works

  • F. Vrsulen, duchess of Mnsterberg etc. Grefin zu Glotz etc. Christian reason for the abandoned monastery at Freyberg . Hans Lufft , Wittenberg 1528
    • (Reprint) The translucent F. Vrsulen, Hertzogin zů Mönsterberg etc. Countess zů Glotz etc. Christian reason for the abandoned monastery in Freyberg . Georg Wachter, Nuremberg 1529 ( urn : nbn: de: gbv: 3: 1-111815-p0001-2 : digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
    • (Reprint) The translucent, Hochgebornen Frauw Vrsulen, Hörtzogin zů Mönsterberg, & c. Countess zů Glotz, & c. Christian cause of the abandoned monastery for Freyberg . In: Ludwig Rabus : Historien der Heyligen Auswölten Gottes Zeugen, Confessors and Martyrern , Vol. VII. Emmel, Strasbourg 1557, sheets (xxxvj–) xxxvij – lvj ( digitized in the Google book search)
    • (Reprinted since 1553 also in Luther's complete editions, among other things :) Mrs. Ursulen, Duchess of Münsterberg, Christian causes of the abandoned monastery in Freyberg, with Luther's postscript. 1528 . In: Johann Konrad Irmischer (arrangement): Dr. Martin Luther's Complete Works , Vol. LXV. Heyder & Zimmer, Frankfurt am Main / Erlangen 1855, pp. 131–169 ( digitized in the Google book search)

literature

  • Johann Karl Seidemann : The Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg and her escape from the monastery S. Mariae Magdalenae de poenitentia in Freiburg . In: ders .: Explanations on the history of the Reformation through previously unknown documents . Justus Naumann, Dresden 1844, pp. 105–129 ( Google Books )
  • Hubert Ermisch : Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), pp. 290–333 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library), ( digitized version at OpenLibrary)
  • Albert Richter : Escaped from the monastery. A picture from German women's life in the XVI. Century . In: At home. A German family sheet with illustrations 20 (1883/84), pp. 94–96 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Max Perlbach : The Prussian Relations of Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg , In: New Archive for Saxon History and Archeology 4 (1883), pp. 346–348 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library)
  • Joseph Hilgers: The Index of Forbidden Books. In its new version presented and legally and historically recognized . Herder, Freiburg in Breisgau 1904, pp. 148–150 ( digitized in the OpenLibrary)
  • Roland Herbert Bainton: Women of the Reformation. From Katharina von Bora to Anna Zwingli . 3rd edition. Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, Gütersloh 1996, pp. 40–55
  • Gabriele Jancke: Ursula von Münsterberg and the attempt at a reformation of the Freiberg Magdalenerinnenkloster . In: Association for Research into Dresden Women's History (ed.), Women in the Church History of Saxony. A reader . Association for research into the history of women in Dresden, Dresden 1997, pp. 23–40
  • Sonja Domröse: Women of the Reformation. Learned, courageous and faithful . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2010, pp. 73–86

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Cf. Siegismund Justus Ehrhardt : Treatise on the corrupted religious state in Silesia . Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn, Breslau 1778, p. 197 ( Google Books ); similar to the novel by Procházka: Genealogical handbook of extinct Bohemian gentry families , Vol. I. Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 1973, p. 201.
  2. ↑ That is: the mistress, miss, the princess; see. Johann Karl Seidemann: The Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg and her escape from the monastery S. Mariae Magdalenae de poenitentia in Freiburg . In: ders .: Explanations on the history of the Reformation through previously unknown documents . Justus Naumann, Dresden 1844, pp. 118, 122–125 and 127.
  3. ↑ See Ernst Ludwig Enders (arrangement): Dr. Martin Luther's complete works. Correspondence , Vol. VIII Letters from June 1530 to April 1531 . Vereinbuchhandlung, Calw 1898, p. 369; see. Letter from Ursula von Münsterberg to Stephan Roth dated June 19, 1530.
  4. ↑ See Johann Karl Seidemann: The Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg and her escape from the monastery of S. Mariae Magdalenae de poenitentia in Freiburg . In: ders .: Explanations on the history of the Reformation through previously unknown documents . Justus Naumann, Dresden 1844, p. 112.
  5. ↑ Around 1538 he married Mag. Georg Scharff (* 1506; † around 1576), from 1539 to 1544 pastor in Briesnitz , later chaplain in Dresden, 1553, 1559 probably in Leuben; see. Granting of a commission by Duke Moritz on April 4, 1543; Otto Hubert Ermisch (edit.): Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony , vol. I. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae II, 12). Gieseke & Devrient, Leipzig 1883, p. 522f, no. 739 ( digitized version of the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore).
  6. ↑ See Emil Herzog: A Contribution to the History of the Reformation. The flight of the nun Ursula, a duchess of Münsterberg, from the Freiberg Magdalenenkloster re. In: Mitteilungen von dem Freiberger Alterthumsverein 19 (1882 (1883)), pp. 105-108 especially p. 106 ( Google Books ); Hans Prescher, Otfried Wagenbreth: Georgius Agricola - his time and its traces . German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig / Stuttgart 1994, p. 57f.
  7. ↑ a b c cf. Joseph Hilgers: The index of the forbidden books. In its new version presented and legally and historically recognized . Herder, Freiburg in Breisgau 1904, pp. 148-150.
  8. ↑ Cf. “ Reason and reason that the Closter are unchristian ”. In: WA , Abt. V Schriften / Werke , Vol. 59 Supplements to Vol. 1–57 and to the sections “German Bible” and “Table Speeches” . Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1983, pp. 100-103.
  9. ↑ Cf. Otto Albrecht: Catechism Studies III. Handwritten information on the Small Lutheran Catechism in the Jena Codex Bos. q. 25 a . In: Theological Studies and Criticisms 80 (1907), pp. 564–608, especially p. 586; Heiko Augustinus Oberman : The Two Reformations , ed. by Donald Weinstein. Yale University Press, New Haven (Connecticut) 2003, p. 53.
  10. ↑ a b c Cf. Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), pp. 320f and 331f.
  11. ↑ Cf. Otto Hubert Ermisch (arrangement): Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony , Vol. I. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae II, 12). Gieseke & Devrient, Leipzig 1883, pp. 477–485 and 496 ( digitized version from the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore).
  12. ↑ Cf. Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), pp. 306-310.
  13. ↑ Cf. Otto Hubert Ermisch (arrangement): Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony , Vol. I. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae II, 12). Gieseke & Devrient, Leipzig 1883, pp. 485-496.
  14. ^ Letter to Stephan Roth in Zwickau dated January 9, 1529.
  15. ↑ a b Cf. Paul Tschackert (edit.): Document book for the Reformation history of the Duchy of Prussia , vol. II / 1 documents, first part. 1523 to 1541 . (Publications from the K. Prussian State Archives 44). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1890, No. 605, p. 206; No. 683, p. 230.
  16. ↑ Cf. Max Perlbach: The Prussian Relationships of the Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg , In: New Archive for Saxon History and Antiquity 4 (1883), pp. 346–348
  17. ↑ a b Cf. Paul Tschackert : Document book for the Reformation history of the Duchy of Prussia , Vol. I Introduction . (Publications from the K. Prussian State Archives 43). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1890, p. 160f ( digitized in the OpenLibrary).
  18. ^ Letter from Duke Albrecht to the office administrator of Marienwerder dated November 10, 1529. In: Paul Tschackert: Document book for the Reformation history of the Duchy of Prussia , Vol. II / 1, No. 683, p. 230 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  19. ↑ See the concerns of the Margrave Georg zu Brandenburg given to his councilors in Augsburg , around the beginning of October 1530. In: Karl Eduard Förstemann (Hrsg.): Document book on the history of the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1530 , Vol. II. Bookstore of the orphanage, Halle 1835, No. 251, pp. 729-735, especially p. 733 ( Google Books ).
  20. ^ Paul Tschackert: Document book for the Reformation history of the Duchy of Prussia , Vol. II / 1, No. 771, p. 259; No. 849, p. 282 ( digitized in the Internet Archive).
  21. ↑ Cf. Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 333.
  22. ↑ " Ursulae Munsterbergensis Ducissae defensio, quare vitam Monasticam deseruerit " (= " Duchess Ursula of Münsterberg vindication for what reason they had left the monastic life "); also spoils “ Visula Munsterlegensis Ducissę defensio ” u. Ä., cf. Horatius Lutius (Orazio Luzi) (Ed.): Sacrosancti Concilii Tridentini canones, et decreta , Appendix Index librorum prohibitorum . Johann Anton Remondinus, Bassano undated [around 1730], p. 71f ( Google Books ).
  23. ↑ Cf. for example Johann Gottlob Worbs: Archive for the history of Silesia, Lausiz and partly from Meissen . Ackermann, Sorau 1798, p. 217, although he dates their marriage in 1521.
  24. ↑ Cf. Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 293.
  25. ↑ Printed in: Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 322f.
  26. ↑ Printed in: ibid , p. 324.
  27. ↑ Printed in: Otto Hubert Ermisch (edit.): Document book of the city of Freiberg in Saxony , vol. I. (Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae II, 12). Gieseke & Devrient, Leipzig 1883, pp. 485–485 ( digitized version of the Institute for Saxon History and Folklore).
  28. ↑ Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt, Dessau department (Z8 Luther manuscript collection, No. 335).
  29. ^ Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Munsterberg . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), pp. 290–333, esp. P. 303, note 35.
  30. ↑ Printed u. a. in: Ernst Ludwig Enders (arrangement): Dr. Martin Luther's complete works. Correspondence , Vol. VII Letters from October 1528 to June 1530 . Vereinsbuchhandlung, Calw 1897, pp. 1–3 ( Google Books ; limited preview); WA, Section IV Correspondence , Vol. 4 1526–1528 , Hermann Böhlaus Successor, Weimar 1933, No. 1339, p. 586f; excerpts in: Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 305f.
  31. ↑ Printed in: Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), pp. 324-330.
  32. ↑ Printed in: Otto Constantin Clemen (Hrsg.): Manuscript samples from the Reformation period , Lfg. 1 67 manuscript samples based on originals from the Zwickau Ratsschulbibliothek . F. Ullmann, Zwickau 1911, No. 44 and facsimile ( digitized and digitized in the Internet Archive).
  33. ↑ Printed in: Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 331.
  34. ↑ Printed in: ibid , p. 332.
  35. ^ Excerpts from: Johann Karl Seidemann: The Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg and her escape from the monastery of S. Mariae Magdalenae de poenitentia in Freiburg . In: ders .: Explanations on the history of the Reformation through previously unknown documents . Justus Naumann, Dresden 1844, esp. Pp. 115–117 ( Google Books )
  36. ↑ Printed in: Paul Tschackert (arrangement): Document book on the history of the Reformation of the Duchy of Prussia , Vol. II / 1, No. 760a, p. 256 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  37. ↑ Printed in: Hubert Ermisch: Duchess Ursula von Münsterberg. A contribution to the history of the Reformation in Saxony . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 3 (1882), p. 333.
personal data
SURNAME Münsterberg, Ursula von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Münsterberg and Troppau, Ursula von; Mŏnsterberg, Ursele von, Grefin zu Glotz; Mönsterberg, Ursel von; Minstrberská, Voršila (Czech); Minstrberka, Uršula z (Czech); Munsterbergensis, Ursula Ducissa (New Latin)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION by birth Duchess of Münsterberg and Troppau as well as Countess von Glatz, nun of the Magdalener Order and Protestant writer
DATE OF BIRTH around 1495 or 1499
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Teschen
DATE OF DEATH after February 2, 1534
Place of death uncertain: Stift Gernrode or Liegnitz