Val Cadlimo

Val Cadlimo
Cadlimohütte at the upper end of Val Cadlimo ( 2570  m above sea level )
location	Ticino , Switzerland
Waters	Rein da Medel Lago dell'Isra
Mountains	Piz Blas (3,019 m) Piz Rondadura (3,016 m)
Geographical location	699 299  /  158018 coordinates: 46 ° 33 '58 "  N , 8 ° 44' 2"  O ; CH1903:  six hundred ninety-nine thousand two hundred and ninety-nine  /  158018
height	1924 to  3019  m above sea level M.

The Val Cadlimo (pronunciation [ valkadˈliːmo ]) is a secluded, uninhabited Ticino mountain valley between the Lukmanier Pass and the Gotthard Pass .

location

The Val Cadlimo belongs politically to the municipality of Quinto and touches the municipality of Blenio at the lowest end . In the north the valley borders on the canton of Graubünden .

The valley runs in an east-west direction for a length of around seven kilometers and is traversed by the Reno di Medel .

The highest points in Val Cadlimo are Piz Blas ( 3,019  m above sea level ) and Piz Rondadura ( 3,016  m above sea level ). The lowest point is the confluence of the Reno the Medel with the stream of the Val dates at approx. 1940  m above sea level. M. The north slopes are very steep; on the south side the mountains are less high and less steep.

Surname

In 1572, the Swiss historian Aegidius Tschudi named in his work Gallia comata , the first work on early Swiss history, a MONS CADELIMUS as the source of the Reno di Medel . It is unclear whether MONS refers to a specific mountain or the entire mountain range around the Val Cadlimo . Occasionally a Pizzo Cadlimo is also mentioned in the literature of the 19th century , but it is not shown on the maps of that time. Sometimes the MONS CADELIMUS by Tschudi is equated with the Bocchetta di Cadlimo pass crossing , sometimes with a mountain west of the Lukmanier that can no longer be identified today.

The Alps of the valley are mentioned as early as 1227 under the name Cadellimi . Other name variations are Cadlim , Cadarlim , Cadelimo , Caderlim , Caderlimo , Caderluno , Cadlumi, and Catelumi .

Alps

The Alps of the flat central part of the valley are located at an altitude of 2200 to 2300 meters. The buildings on Lago dell'Isra and on Alp Stabbio di Mezzo in the middle of the valley have fallen into disrepair, but the hut on Alp Stabbio Nuovo one and a half kilometers below Stabbio di Mezzo is intact . The Cassina la Bolla a little further down the valley has also disintegrated, and the Alpe Scaione a little higher at the end of the valley consists only of a small refuge.

In summer the Alps are used as pastureland by around 600 sheep and 100 yaks from Göschenen . Sheep grazing decreased more and more throughout the 20th century; around 1900, 1,000 sheep were still summering on the Alps of Val Cadlimo .

traffic

The valley is not accessible to vehicles. Hiking trails lead to the Lukmanier Pass, the Ritomsee , Airolo and the Oberalp Pass with public transport connections there. The closest Lukmanier Pass can be reached by Postbus four to five times a day in summer and autumn.

The Gotthard Base Tunnel crosses the valley at its lowest end approx. 1700 m below the surface.

Pass crossings

The most important pass crossings for hikers today are:

• Bocchetta di Cadlimo , 2570  m above sea level M .: Val Canaria (Airolo)
• Bocchetta della Miniera , 2525  m above sea level M .: Val Piora
• Passo dell'Uomo , 2218  m above sea level M .: Val Piora
• Bassa del Lago Scuro , 2,477  m above sea level M .: Val Piora

The paved path from Alp Stabbio Nuovo to Passo dell'Uomo has been included in the inventory of Via Storia (IVS). It is part of a historic alpine elevator route from the Leventina Valley through the Val Cadlimo and over the Passo Vecchio ( 2715  m above sea level ) into the Val Curnera . Despite the height of the pass, this tributary valley was easier to reach from Val Cadlimo than from Tschamut in the anterior Rhineland . On July 12, 1540, the Abbot Paulus Nicolai of the Disentis Monastery sold the Val Curnera to an owner in Faido in Leventina. It was not until 1913 that the valley was again used by the Tujetsch community in the front Rhine area .

Historically, the Nalps Pass (also Passo dell'Elvas , 2750  m above sea level ) was used by the Ticino people for the purpose of using the Alps in the front of the Rhine. Pass Nalps and Passo Vecchio were still established routes on the Siegfried map. Today the paths there are missing from the national map and these passes are only used by experienced mountain hikers.

Waters

Rivers

The Reno di Medel gathers from several source brooks in the valley, flows through the alpine areas and through a gorge - united with the brook of the Val dates - reaches the Lai da Sontga Maria reservoir on the Lukmanier pass. From there, the water, if not diverted through tunnels and used by the power stations in Rueras and Tavanasa , flows through the Val Medel as Froda , later as Rein da Medel into the Vorderrhein.

The Val Cadlimo orographically belongs to the Vorderrhein Valley . The Val Cadlimo, the neighboring Val dates to the south and the uppermost part of the Reuss valley below the Gotthard Pass are the only valleys in the canton of Ticino that are drained northwards across the Rhine into the North Sea.

However, a substantial part of the Reno the Medel is dammed below the Alps with a 35 meter wide and approx. Four meter high wall. An approx. One kilometer long tunnel leads the captured water with a loss of height of a few meters to the Passo dell'Uomo , the pass crossing from the neighboring Val dates into the Val Piora . There the water is channeled over the pass in a channel on the surface and fed to the Murinascia Grande stream , which in turn flows into Lake Ritom. Since the water of the Ritomsee is used in the power station in Piotta in the valley floor of the Leventina, most of the water of the Val Cadlimo ends up in the Mediterranean like all other Ticino waters .

This derivation of the Reno di Medel , also known as the Cadlimo tunnel , was discussed in professional circles as early as 1906. In February 1914, in the run-up to the construction of the dam of the Ritomsee, the tunnel was rejected by the government of the Canton of Graubünden. The tunnel was finally built in the summers of 1929 and 1930, twelve years after the Ritom reservoir went into operation. Due to the lack of traffic connections to the Val Cadlimo , a temporary aerial cableway was built on wooden yokes. The required cement from Sta. Maria , the hospice of the Lukmanier Pass, to Stabbio Nuovo . Since 1968 the location of the former valley station has been on the bottom of the Lai da Sontga Maria .

Lakes

The Val Cadlimo, like the neighboring Val Piora , is rich in mountain lakes:

• The Lago di Dentro ( 2506  m above sea level , literally Inner Lake , formerly Lago di Cadlimo ) lies at the back of the valley, immediately before the transition from Bocchetta di Cadlimo to Val Canaria (Airolo). A lake of the same name, but much larger, is located three kilometers away in the neighboring Val Piora.
• The Lago Scuro ( 2451  m above sea level , literally Dark Lake ) is almost circular and with seven hectares the largest lake in the valley.
• The Lago dell'Isra ( 2322  m above sea level , two hectares, formerly also Lago Lisera ) is located in the valley floor and is surrounded by a larger wetland.
• On Piatto della Miniera , a 600 meter long plateau on the south side of the valley, there are seven small lakes between 2515 and 2542  m above sea level. M. The European watershed runs between the two southernmost lakes.
• In the Foppa della Rondadura there are three small lakes in the middle of the steep flank of the Piz Rondadura at 2633  m above sea level. M.
• Also particularly high is at 2579  m above sea level. M. the small Lago di Schenadüi in the saddle of Piz Schenadüi .

The relatively large Lago dello Stabbio ( 2351  m above sea level ) is much easier for hikers and shepherds to reach from the Alps of the same name, Stabbio di Mezzo and Stabbio Nuovo , than from Val Piora . However, its outflow leads into Val Piora , which is why the lake is orographically not part of Val Cadlimo .

Mining

Minerals

Mining of minerals took place in Val Cadlimo since the 15th century. The Val Cadlimo is one of the rare danburite sites in Switzerland. Danburite is a crystal with the chemical composition Ca [B ₂ Si ₂ O ₈ ].

elements

There are phosphorus , lead and silver deposits on the Piatto della Miniera at 2500  m above sea level. M.

For galena (lead) and silver mining, three passages were driven into the mountain in a north-south direction. However, the silver yield was only 243 to 320 grams per ton, the site was only snow-free for about two months a year, and there was no feeder road. The dismantling stopped in 1910.

The apatite deposits were discovered in 1700 and estimated at 20,000 tons in 1954. This makes it one of the largest phosphate deposits in Switzerland. In the war years of 1944 and 1945, the Mining Bureau of the Federal War, Industry and Employment Office considered dismantling .

The ruins of the miners' houses are still visible in two places on the Piatto della Miniera .

Swiss Alpine Club

The Cadlimohütte at 2570  m above sea level. M. at the top of the valley at the Bocchetta di Cadlimo is usually served from June 20th to October 20th and offers 80 beds. The hiking time to the Lukmanier Pass, the next stop for public transport, is 3.5 hours. It is the highest hut in the canton of Ticino .

Flora and fauna

The ground is mostly shallow and offers space for a typical alpine lawn. There are wetlands near the Reno di Medel and Lago dell'Isra .

Apart from the lowest meters, the whole valley is above the tree line , which in the Lukmanier Pass area is at 1950  m above sea level. M. lies.

Alpine ibex and marmots can be found in the valley .

In Lago Scuro earlier were rainbow trout exposed, but by failures to Canadian trout replaced (annually 2000 Sömmerlinge ). In Lago d'Isra 700 Sömmerlinge of rainbow and brown trout are exposed annually; Brook trout and Canadian trout can also be found in Lago d'Isra .

The occurrence of dinoflagellates , rotifers , daphnia ( crustaceans ) and other small aquatic organisms up to Lake Dentro at 2506  m above sea level. M. was identified and researched at the beginning of the 20th century.

A legacy from the musician Hans Rosbaud was used to fund a foundation from 1980 to 1986 to protect the Parco alpino Piora , which in addition to the Val Piora and Val Datums also included the Val Cadlimo .

Trivia

As part of the Urban Geofiction project , a utopian agglomeration Piora-Cadlimo was developed. In this project, the Val Cadlimo is the industrial zone of the fictional town of Piora .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Aegidius Tschudi. Gallia comata . 1572, but not printed until 1758.
2. ^ Gallia comata quoted in: R. Lechner (1882). Communications from the Imperial and Royal Geographical Society .
3. ↑ Example: Yearbook of the Swiss Alpine Club , 1882
4. ^ Dufour card, Siegfried card.
5. ^ Yearbook of the Swiss Alpine Club, 1912.
6. ↑ Lothar Deplazes (1986). Alps, borders, passes in the Lukmanier-Piora area. State Archives of Graubünden.
7. ↑ 46 ° 33 '49 "  N , 8 ° 42' 55.6"  E
8. ↑ 46 ° 33 '58  .4 " N , 8 ° 43' 52.4"  E
9. ↑ image of Alphütte of Stabbio Nuovo ; at Hikr, accessed July 19, 2013.
10. ↑ picture of Alpe Scaione , with hut; at Hikr, accessed July 19, 2013.
11. ↑ Information ( Memento of the original from September 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on alpine use, accessed on July 19, 2013. 
12. ↑ Communications of the Geographisch-Ethnologische Gesellschaft in Basel, Volumes 4–7. 1936.
13. ↑ Lukmanierpass – Disentis. In: PostBus Switzerland AG. Accessed on July 24, 2013 : "Line not open all year round." 
14. ↑ Website ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Via Storia, accessed July 19, 2013; Swisstopo. 
15. ^ Andrea and Andreas Strauss (2010) Ticino. Lake Maggiore, Lake Lugano, Lake Como . Bergverlag Rother, Munich. ISBN 978-3-7633-3052-2 .
16. ↑ Information on Val Curnera , accessed on July 19, 2013.
17. ^ Image of the Klus at Panoramio, accessed on July 19, 2013.
18. ^ Image of the water intake of the Reno di Medel near Bolla , Pt. 2229.
19. ↑ Swisstopo
20. ↑ Swisstopo; Google Earth; Sunday newspaper ( Memento of the original from May 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 105 kB) of July 17, 2011. 
21. ^ WA Müller, E. Josse (1906). Journal for the whole turbine world.
22. ↑ Water and Energy, Volume 6. 1913.
23. ↑ Schweizerische Bauzeitung (1931). Volume 98, p. 195.
24. ↑ Information ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Centro di dialettologia e di etnografia, Bellinzona, accessed on July 19, 2013. 
25. ↑ Image at Hikr, accessed on July 19, 2013.
26. ^ Siegfried Card, Dufour Card.
27. ↑ Image of the Lago d'Isra near Hikr, accessed on July 19, 2013.
28. ↑ Picture ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the largest lake on the Piatto della Miniera, with yaks over the snowfield; at Hikr, accessed July 19, 2013. 
29. ↑ Image of two of the lakes of Foppa della Rondadura on Hikr, accessed on July 19, 2013.
30. ↑ Brandl, H (2008). Historic mining in Val Piora and Val Cadlimo - interactions between microorganisms and metals. In: Peduzzi, R; Tonolla, M; Boucher-Rodoni, R. Milieux alpins et changement global. Vol. 1: Recueil de contributions à l'Ecole doctorale. Piora, 107-112
31. ^ Paul Boettcher (1936). The Ticino Valley. An attempt at a geographical representation. HR Sauerländer & Co.
32. ↑ Zweifel H., de Quervain F. (1954) The biotite apatite schist of P. Corandoni (Val Cadlimo, Ticino). Contributions to the geology of Switzerland. Geotechnical series 32.
33. ↑ PDF ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Silberberg mining association, accessed on July 19, 2013. 
34. ↑ 46 ° 33 '20.7 "  N , 8 ° 43' 57.8"  E
35. ↑ 46 ° 33 '29.5 "  N , 8 ° 44' 4.8"  E
36. ^ Website of the Cadlimohütte, accessed on July 19, 2013.
37. ↑ Website  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. by Ticino Switzerland , accessed on July 19, 2013.  
38. ↑ Swisstopo.
39. ↑ Hiking report , accessed on July 19, 2013.
40. ↑ Information ( Memento of the original from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the Capanna Cadagno , accessed July 19, 2013. 
41. ↑ Fischerforum , accessed on July 19, 2013.
42. ^ Memoranda of the Swiss Society for Natural Research, Volumes 36–37. 1900.
43. ^ Reports from the meetings of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Mathematical and Natural Science Class. 1914.
44. ^ Regula Puskás: Hans Rosbaud. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
45. ↑ Detail page for Piora-Cadlimo by Urban Geofiction , accessed on July 19, 2013.