Varste (Kirchhundem)

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Basic data
State : North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region : Arnsberg administrative district
County : District of Olpe
Municipality : Kirchhundem
Height : 445 m above sea level NN
Residents : 166 (December 31, 2014)

Varste is a village in the municipality of Kirchhundem .

geography

Geographical location

Varste is located in the southern mountains of the Rhenish Slate Mountains. It belongs to the so-called Bilsteiner Bergland in the Olper Land area. The location is part of the western foothills of the Rothaar Mountains and the Sauerland-Rothaar Mountains Nature Park . The village is located on the western slope of the Kophelle in the valley of the Silberbach, which, coming from Silberg, flows into the Olpe near Heidschott. In the southeast of Varste the 575 m high Kophelle rises, in the west the 642 m high Wolfshorn and the 517 m high Kuhlenberg, in the northwest the 569 m high Rimmert and in the north-northeast the 545 m high.

geology

Geologically, the mountains around Varste are significant due to the mineral wealth. The Kuhlenbergerzug mine in the west of Varste opened up the northernmost spate iron stone entrances of the Siegerland Eisenstein district. From 1831 to 1913, 168,374 t of iron ore were mined here. In the 18th century and earlier up to around 1840, the galena and copper pebbles that were more abundantly deposited in the upper depths were also extracted.

To the north of Varste was the Alwine mine, where lead and zinc ore were extracted. Continuous ore mining took place there in the middle of the 19th century. and last from 1891 to 1897. In 1901 the company was finally closed.

It is considered conceivable that mining here from Siegerland (mining desert Altenberg near Müsen) had already expanded into the Silberg and Varste area in the high Middle Ages.

Neighboring places

Neighboring villages of Varste are Wirme in the east, Brachthausen in the southeast, Silberg in the south-southwest, Welschen Ennest in the west, Benolpe in the northwest, Heidschott in the north and Hofolpe in the northeast. The Kuhlenberg , Breitenbruch and Mark residential areas are in the west and north of the village.

history

Varste was first mentioned in 1395 and can be found in a document with which Johann Pepersack, his wife Lyse and his brothers Hermann and Wilhelm sold a quarter of the County of Hundem to Heinrich von Heggen and Wilhelm Vogt von Elspe . A Hannes to dem Varste is called there. The place name is interpreted today as: place near the forest. The job titles “uff dere Burgh” and “under der Borch”, which appear in the treasury registers of the 16th century as a solstice name, indicate a now forgotten aristocratic residence in the village.

Religions

Due to the fact that they belonged to the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia for centuries , the religious affiliation of the inhabitants of the village is still predominantly Catholic. Especially due to the events of flight and expulsion from the former eastern territories of the German Reich after the Second World War, Protestant Christians also took up residence in the village. Today 120 Catholic and 26 Evangelical Lutheran Christians live here; The population statistics do not provide any information on religious affiliation for 21 inhabitants.

Until the establishment of the Catholic parish Kohlhagen in 1655, Varste belonged to the parish of Kirchhundem. In 1924 the still existing parish of Silberg / Varste was separated from Kohlhagen. Today it belongs to the pastoral area of ​​Kirchhundem in the Olpe dean's office.

Incorporations

Varste was from 1445 to 1802/03 a place in the office of Bilstein in the Electoral Cologne Duchy of Westphalia and until 1812 in the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt . In 1812 the previous office of Bilstein was converted into the Grand Ducal Hessian Justice Office Bilstein with a judicial officer at the head, and districts of the mayor's office were formed. With mayor Peter Joseph Bock, Varste became the seat of a mayor's district to which the towns of Varste with the smelting works, Silberg with the mill, Emlinghausen and the courtyards Breitenbruch and Mark belonged. After the former Duchy of Westphalia passed into Prussian ownership in 1816, the administration of the mayor was initially maintained. In 1826 there was a local reform in which mayor's offices were established. With the parish of Kohlhagen, Varste came to the mayor's office of Heinsberg and in 1829, through a further reorganization, to the mayor's office of Kirchhundem. In 1843/44 the mayor's offices were converted into offices headed by a bailiff. The Kirchhundem Office, which was formed at that time, included six political communities with a community leader, whose districts were aligned with the parish boundaries. From 1843/44 Varste belonged to the political municipality of Kohlhagen, which was dissolved on July 1, 1969 in the course of the local reorganization. Since then, the village has belonged to today's Kirchhundem community.

Population development

Early clues about the size and number of inhabitants of the place can be found in an appraisal register (used to collect taxes) for the year 1543. According to this, there were 16 taxpayers in “Varste” (the highest taxes were due to Joist vf dem Breidenbroich, Hanß Euert's son vf dem Hamer and Euerts Hanß); this number could have coincided with the farms or houses existing at the time. If one reckons with 8-10 residents per house, then Varste should have had about 130-160 residents at that time.

With 18 houses, Varst had 200 inhabitants in 1838. This relatively high number could be attributed to the flourishing mining industry at the time, which attracted foreign workers. In 1930 the village had 250 inhabitants. At the time of the municipal reorganization, Varste had 247 inhabitants, a number that remained stable until 1974, but then declined: 1978 = 231, 1985 = 239, 1990 = 225. Today there are 166 inhabitants in Varste.

Mining

Varste looks back on a long mining tradition. Ores were extracted from the surrounding mountains as early as the 17th century. The largest mines in the area were Alwine and Kuhlenberg (erzug), as well as Glanzenberg and Goldberg (I and II) near Silberg .

Culture and sights

Buildings

In Varste there is one dedicated to St. Catholic chapel consecrated to James with a late baroque altar. The time when the chapel was built is unclear. What is certain is that there was a chapel in the village as early as 1613, in which an altar was consecrated in 1647 by the Paderborn auxiliary bishop Bernhard Frick . In 1696 the pastor Paulus Leymann from Kohlhagen had the dilapidated chapel "completely and completely reinforced". A new bell was procured in 1711, from the bell founder Tilman Schmit from Aslar . Experts are discussing whether this was related to the new building of the chapel.

Economy and Infrastructure

Traffic and walking

The traffic development of Varste takes place via the K 19 between Heidschott (B 517) and Brachthausen (L 728) as well as via the municipal road from the K 19 near Varste to the L 728 near Wirme. There is a feeder path to the Rothaarsteig near the village .

education

The village of Varste is in the catchment area of ​​the Kindergarten "Kleine Strolche" in Brachthausen and the elementary school in Welschen Ennest. There are secondary schools in Kirchhundem and Lennestadt. There is a nearby university in Siegen.

swell

  1. ↑ Otto Lucas: The Olper Land. Work of the Geographical Commission in the Provincial Institute for Westphalian Regional Studies and Folklore. Vol. 4. Münster 1941. p. 22
  2. ↑ Landesvermessungsamt NRW, hiking map 1: 25000. Lennestadt-Kirchhundem in the Rothaargebirge, Ebbegebirge and Homert nature parks. Based on the topographic map 1: 25000. 2nd edition 1998.
  3. ^ Martin Vormberg and Fritz Müller: Contributions to the history of mining in the Olpe district. Part 1: Mining in the Kirchhundem community. Olpe 1985. pp. 31-34.
  4. ^ Martin Vormberg and Fritz Müller: Contributions to the history of mining in the Olpe district. Part 1: Mining in the Kirchhundem community. Olpe 1985. p. 29
  5. ↑ Wilfried Reininghaus and Reinhard Köhne: Mining, smelting and hammer works in the Duchy of Westphalia in the Middle Ages and in the early modern period. Münster 2008. pp. 262-267.
  6. ↑ Lennestadt-Kirchhundem in the Rothaargebirge, Ebbegebirge and Homert nature parks . State survey office NRW, hiking map 1: 25000. Based on the topographic map 1: 25000. 2nd edition 1998.
  7. ↑ Horst-Oskar Swientek (arrangement): Inventory of Count v. Spee's archive in Ahausen. Münster 1968. pp. 343-344.
  8. ↑ Michael Flöer: The place names of the district of Olpe. Bielefeld 2014. pp. 239–241.
  9. ^ Günther Becker and Martin Vormberg: Kirchhundem. History of the office and the community. Kirchhundem 1994. p. 54
  10. ↑ Population statistics of the Kirchhundem community
  11. ↑ 500 years of the Kohlhagen pilgrimage church. Contributions to history. Kohlhagen 1990. pp. 29-32.
  12. ^ Günther Becker and Martin Vormberg: Kirchhundem. History of the office and the community. Kirchhundem 1994. passim
  13. ↑ Estimation register 1543 for the Sauerland region of Cologne (Internet file) Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF p. 25 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heimatverein-finnentrop.de
  14. ^ Josef Rinscheid: History of the parish Kohlhagen. Olpe 1933. p. 88.
  15. ^ Josef Rinscheid: History of the parish Kohlhagen. Olpe 1933. p. 88.
  16. ^ Günther Becker and Martin Vormberg: Kirchhundem. History of the office and the community. Kirchhundem 1994. p. 430.
  17. ↑ Population statistics of the Kirchhundem community
  18. ↑ 500 years of the Kohlhagen pilgrimage church. Contributions to history. Kohlhagen 1990. pp. 250-257.

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 '  N , 8 ° 3'  E