Verde di Salizzole

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Alberto I della Scala, husband of Verde di Salizzole

Verde di Salizzole (* in Salizzole ; † December 25, 1305 in Verona ) was the wife of Alberto I della Scala (* around 1248 in Verona; † September 3, 1301 ibid), Lord of Verona (1277 to 1301) and historically of interest as the ancestor of the Scaliger family and especially as the mother of Cangrande I della Scala , Lord of Verona (1308 to 1329), the patron of Dante Alighieri , Petrarch and Giotto .

origin

About the origin of Verde, about her parents and her family and practically nothing is known. Historians and genealogists of the 16th century described her as a member of the family of the Counts of Salizzole, but there is no reference to a county of Salizzole or a count family of the same name from the time of her life. The news of the count's origin of Verdes should therefore not be based on facts, but merely on efforts by genealogists to increase the fame of the della Scala by attributing Verdes to a count's family.

The name Salizzole goes back to a plant - the willow, Latin "salix" - which initially obviously shaped the swampy area where the town of Salizzole is located today . This small town is located in northeastern Italy in the province of Verona and today has around 3800 inhabitants.

As far as Verde is concerned, there is no contemporary documentary mention even of its usual name as Verde di Salizzole (Viridis de Salezolis), as it is regularly only known as the wife of Alberto della Scala (uxor domini Alberto de la Scala) or simply as Verde della Scala appears.

Life

Residence Castello of Salizzole

Salizzole Castle

According to tradition, Verde lived in the Castello of Salizzole, which is said to have been owned by her wealthy family, the "da Salicoelis". An early description of this castle can be found in the work of Marino Sanudo (1466–1536) "Itinerario per la Terraferma Veneziana" (for example: route through the Venetian Terraferma, ie through the mainland possessions of the Republic of Venice ), in which the two massive Towers of the castle are highlighted, which still characterize the building today. The western tower with its typical Ghibelline battlements is the older, served as a keep and stood long before Verde was born. The eastern thirty meter high tower was built by her husband while Verde was still alive, probably to underline the social prestige of his wife.

Architectural details, which are also found in Verona, point to a renovation around 1298. There were two more towers at that time, but they were destroyed in September 1441 when the condottiere Francesco Sforza conquered the city and had it plundered on behalf of Venice. The castle was later converted into a residence, changed significantly in the 18th century and is now used, among other things, as a city library.

Residence in the Palazzo del Podestà in Verona

Piazza dei Signori Verona, on the right the Palazzo del Podestà, where Verde lived, in front: Dante's statue, 2008

After her marriage to Alberto I della Scala in 1263, Verde moved to Verona and lived there on the Piazza dei Signori in the Palazzo del Podestà built by her husband, sometimes also in the Palazzo built by her husband in the Piazza Erbe in 1301 , the Casa di Mercanti.

Charitable foundations

In Verona Verde founded the San Daniele Domus Dei (House of God) hospital for pilgrims and poor patients in 1281. This foundation is likely to have proven itself, because on May 26th, 1300 she and her sister gifted this hospital with building sites and agricultural properties located in Bovolone (province of Verona) so that a similar hospital can be built there. The place of issue of this document is of interest: “in Salezolis in domo magnifice domine Viride” (ie, for example: in Salizzole in the house of the illustrious Mistress Verde).

Possessions

This formulation shows that Verde not only owned considerable land in Salizzole, but also had a representative house there that was appropriate even for the Lady of Verona. It seems likely that this house is identical to the Castello di Salizzole, but there is no documentary evidence of this. However, this assumption is confirmed by the fact that the castle in Salizzole was expanded and expanded by her husband's family soon afterwards. Independently of this, Verde had extensive property in various places. For example in Angiari , Fracazzole, Nogara , Orti and probably also in Giare.

Ecclesiastical enfeoffments

Verde also played an important role in building relationships with church institutions. Already in 1287 it was enfeoffed with goods in Ostiglia by the monastery of San Zeno . She was enfeoffed with Villimpenta from her stepson, Abbot Giuseppe (illegitimate son of Alberto della Scala). She received part of the tithe from Nogara, Bonferraro and Fatole from the Bishop of Verona, Pietro della Scala, while she received works of art from Bishop Bonincontro. Before his death, her husband signed her will in a will of all the rights he had over Verdes' property and transferred her silver utensils, jewelry and two beds, and appointed her executor together with Bishop Tebaldo of Verona and his son Bartolomeo.

Meeting with Dante

Verde also had the opportunity to get to know the greatest poet of her time, Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), who lived between 1303 and 1304 as a guest of her son Bartolomeo della Scala for a few months in the Palazzo del Podestà in Verona. So she probably had several opportunities to meet this great poet and talk to him about his works. When Bartolomeo died in 1304, Dante left Verona because he did not get along well with his successor, Alboino della Scala. However, he returned to Verona during the reign of the third son of Verde, Cangrande della Scala, where he lived from 1314 to 1318 in close friendship with his host and immortalized him in the "Paradiso" in the Divine Comedy by praising his patron puts Cacciaguida in the mouth of his ancestor.

Demise

Verde di Salizzole or Verde della Scala died as a widow on December 25, 1305, presumably in Verona. She left a large number of offspring, which also spread in Germany and Austria.

Marriage and offspring

Verde di Salizzole married Alberto I della Scala in 1263 († September 3, 1301 ). From 1272 to 1277 he was Podestà of Mantua and from 1277 to 1301 the second lord of the city of Verona from the house of the Scaliger family . He was a son of Jacopino della Scala and Elisa Superbi and the younger brother and successor of Mastino I della Scala , who was killed on October 17, 1277 by the city's nobles.

progeny

  • Costanza della Scala (* around 1263; † 1306 in Mantua) ⚭ I. July 28, 1289 Obizzo II. D'Este , Lord of Ferrara , Modena and Reggio nell'Emilia († 1293), ⚭ II. July 19, 1299 Guido Botticella Bonacolsi, Lord of Mantua (1299–1309) (From her first marriage she had children Francesco and Maddalena d´Este, from her second marriage Agnese and Fiordalisio Bonacolsi.)
  • Bartolomeo I. della Scala († 1304) Lord of Verona and Vicenza (1301–1304), ⚭ 1291 Costanza di Antiochia, a daughter of Corrado di Antiochia, Count of Celano and Alba (he was a grandson of Emperor Frederick II from the House of Staufer ) and Beatrice Lancia.
    • Cecchino della Scala († 1325) ⚭ I. Agnese Visconti, a daughter of Matteo I. Visconti , Lord of Milan, ⚭ II. Gaja di Camino, a daughter of Guccello di Camino (no offspring)
  • Barbara della Scala († 1297), ⚭ Giovanni I da Carrara Podestà of Belluno († after 1312)
  • Alboino I. della Scala (* around 1284; † 1311 in Verona) Lord of Verona and Vicenza (alone 1304 to 1308, together with his younger brother Cangrande 1308 to 1311) ⚭ I. December 28, 1298 Caterina Visconti (* 1282; † 1311), a daughter of Matteo I. Visconti , Lord of Milan, ⚭ II. 1306 Beatrice da Correggio (* 1286; † 1321), a daughter of Giberto III. Lord of Parma and Correggio. The most important sons come from the second marriage, Alberto II. Della Scala , Lord of Verona (together with his brother 1229 to 1351, alone from 1351 to 1352) and Mastino II. Della Scala, Lord of Verona (together with his brother 1329 to 1351)
Statue of Cangrande della Scala, younger son of Verde
  • Cangrande I. della Scala (actually Can Francesco della Scala; * 1291; † 1329 in Treviso), Lord of Verona, Vicenza, Padua , Belluno , Feltre , Monselice , Bassano and Treviso , ruled together with his brother Alboino I from 1308 to 1311 and alone from 1311 to 1329, head of the Ghibellines in Italy, protector of Dante Alighieri, Petrarch and Giotto ⚭ Giovanna di Antiochia (* 1280; † 1352), a sister of his sister-in-law Costanza and daughter of Corrado di Antioch from the house of the Hohenstaufen . However, he did not have any legitimate offspring, but did have eight illegitimate children.
  • Caterina della Scala († around 1305) ⚭ I. Niccolò da Fogliano, signore di Reggio Emilia (* around 1260; † 14th century) (eight children, including Guidoriccio da Fogliano († 1352), who was the famous condottiere of Simone Martini ( * 1284; † 1344) was immortalized in a fresco in the reception hall of the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena ). Caterina married Bailardino Nogarola for the second time.

See also

literature

  • Giovanni Bonetto: Vecci e nuovi documenti sulla Villa di Salizzole nel Medioevo - L'età Scaligera (1277-1387); Verde della Scala, note sulla famiglia the Salizzoli. In: Salizzole-Stoia, cultura e morfologia del territorio. A cura di Remo Scola Gagliardi, Commune di Salizzole, 1998
  • G. Sancassani: Note genealogiche degli Scaglieri di Verona: da Alberto I ad Antonio della Scala (1277-1387). In: verona e il suo territorio, III / 1, Verona 1975
  • Giorgio Petrocchi: Vita di Dante. 5ª ed. Editori Laterza, Roma; Bari, 2008, ISBN 978-88-420-4354-6 , p. 94.
  • Pompeo Litta: Famiglie celebri d'Italia. Scaligeri di Verona, Torino 1835
  • Paolo Golinelli:  FOGLIANO, Guidoriccio there. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 48:  Filoni-Forghieri. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1997.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Marino Sanudo : Itinerario per la Terraferma Veneziana. 1483.
  2. ↑ Description of the castle: "Salizzole il Castello" http://www.verona.com/it/guide/verona/salizzole-il-castello/
  3. ↑ G. Brancolini: Notizie Storiche delle Chiese di Verona I - VIII. Verona 1749-1771
  4. ↑ a b c Dot.ssa Catia Galvetto: Verde da Salizzole. October 25, 2015 in: Ordine delle Lame Scaligere
  5. ^ Giorgio Petrocchi: Vita di Dante. 5ª ed. Editori Laterza, Roma; Bari, 2008, ISBN 978-88-420-4354-6 , p. 94.
  6. ^ Dante Alighieri: Divine Comedy, Paradiso XVII. Singing, verses 70-75, 85-90
  7. ↑ Chronicon Estense, RIS XVI, col. 341
  8. ↑ Charles Cawley, "Medieval Lands" http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORTHERN%20ITALY%201100-1400.htm#_Toc390931788
  9. ^ Giovanni Solinas: Storia di Verona. Centro Rinascita, Verona 1981, p. 292.
  10. ^ H. Spangenberg: Cangrande I della Scala. Grafiche Fiorini, Verona 1992.
  11. ^ A b Paolo Golinelli:  FOGLIANO, Guidoriccio da. In: Fiorella Bartoccini (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 48:  Filoni-Forghieri. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 1997.
personal data
SURNAME Verde di Salizzole
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Verde della Scala
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Wife of Alberto I della Scala, Lord of Verona
DATE OF BIRTH 13th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH Salizzole
DATE OF DEATH December 25, 1305
Place of death Verona