Villa Rothermundt (Blasewitz)
The under monument protection standing Villa Rothermundt is a representative Villa neo-renaissance in the Dresden district Blasewitz , Mendelssohn Allee 34 (before 1945 "German Kaiser Allee"). After 1945 it became the seat of the Saxon State High School for Music Carl Maria von Weber .
history
The place Blasewitz at the gates of Dresden developed into a villa location in the 19th century. Primarily in the German founding period , various styles of German half-timbered construction , the Renaissance , the Romanesque , the Gothic and the Baroque were combined in harmony according to the style of the Dresden villa architecture . Adorned and adorned with pointed and angular towers, nestling bay windows, sculptured facades, subtle additions and ornamental gables as well as decorative chimneys and chimneys resulted in an often castle-like character. After 1870 the suburb developed rapidly into a villa location. Generously laid out streets defined large front gardens and parks around the buildings. Mendelssohnallee (until 1945 Deutsche-Kaiser-Allee) was elegantly designed in a semicircle arcuate from Loschwitzer Straße . Entrepreneurs and factory owners wanted to enjoy retirement in this neighborhood. The entrepreneur Julius Ludwig Rothermundt moved to Dresden in 1859, where his fourth child was born. In 1874 he bought the old property of the historic Grünen Wiese inn in the suburb of Gruna and built his magnificent villa there .
His eldest son Adolf Wasilieff Ernst Rothermundt moved his residence to Blasewitz. For his family home he chose the property at Mendelssohnallee 34. In 1895 he commissioned the Dresden architect Karl Emil Scherz to build a representative villa. The drafts were adapted and changed several times. Finally, in 1896 and 1897, a representative villa building in the neo-renaissance style was built . The villa soon became too small due to the family's diverse artistic inclinations. In 1909 the building was rebuilt and expanded under the instructions of the landlord. The family owned a famous and exquisite collection of paintings in which Max Liebermann, aged 17, Max Slevogt and Lovis Corinth were represented with five paintings each.
| Artist | Painting title |
|---|---|
| Claude Monet | Mill near Vetheuil in the thaw |
| Auguste Renoir | The garden |
| Vincent van Gogh | Drawbridge over the Arles, still life |
| Alfred Sisley | landscape |
| Carl Schuch | Boy at the cupboard, still life |
| Paul Cezanne | landscape |
| Max Liebermann | Rider by the sea; Beer garden; Ropeway; The blessing Pope; Vegetable auction; Amsterdam's Jewish Quarter; Street in Edam; Dune image; The pilots |
| Leopold von Kalckreuth | Uncle Anders; Harvest; Garden in winter |
| Ludwig von Hofmann | Young man under flowering trees |
| Wilhelm Truebner | Portrait; Odenwald landscape; Palace garden; Lady portrait; Girl outdoors |
| Max Slevogt | Fish still life; The slaughtered ox |
| Lovis Corinth | The garter; At the window |
| Otto Reiniger | Portrait Schmidt-Reutte |
| Edgar Degas | Dancers |
Other paintings were by Adolf Menzel , Ignacio Zuloaga , Giovanni Segantini , Eugen Bracht , Robert Sterl and Oskar Zwintscher .
Weekly chamber concerts with the pianist Tamara von Freymann or musicians from the Staatskapelle took place in the splendidly furnished rooms of the villa . Numerous encounters with well-known and well-known artists and artists were also part of the practice of the art-loving family. The villa's furnishings included a unique porcelain collection and a larger library.
However, during the Great Depression and the subsequent period of inflation, almost all art objects were sold or otherwise traded in to survive. The family could not keep up the lavish lifestyle. The now empty magnificent villa was taken over by the city of Dresden in 1937. In 1945, as a result of the devastating bombing raids , the city set up an emergency food center for bombed out people, refugees and displaced persons . Later, the rooms were used for a headquarters for the Blasewitz residents to issue food stamps and rationed food. In June 1945, the villa was given a new artistic meaning with the establishment of a music school by music teachers and musicians. With modest means and with the support of the Soviet military administration , an academy for music and theater was established, and in autumn 1952 it was elevated to the status of a music academy. In the 1990s, the Saxon state high school "Carl Maria von Weber" used the villa as a special school for music. Extensive renovation measures were carried out between 2007 and 2008. The architects Jörg Baarß and Klaus Löschner undertook the complete renovation including acoustics and furniture in close cooperation with the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony . The total cost was 3.7 million euros. The Schmiede Neuhammer company from Olbernhau restored the historic skylight grilles, banisters, decorative elements, fillings on the sandstone stairs and fence elements. In the park-like garden, two modern boarding school buildings were built.
description
Outside
The two-storey villa, inspired by the neo-renaissance style, has a rectangular tower on the garden side that towers above the building. Angled facade views, balustrades, balconies and abundant sculptural facade decoration made of sandstone and the window bands of two, three or four windows that are common for architects document the wealth of the client. Plastered facades with sandstone structures, elegantly curved gables and open stairs as well as a winter garden and summer veranda complement the building. The renovation carried out around 1909 enlarged the exhibition rooms and blends in harmoniously with the existing building fabric.
The building has a basement made of sandstone masonry. The windows of the rooms on the lower ground floor are provided with sandstone walls and sculptural-three-dimensional round arches. A sandstone ledge runs around the building. On the south side there was a decorative wall fountain with a gargoyle. The ground floor was designed as a mezzanine floor and can be reached via the splendidly decorated main entrance and several outside stairs.
The upper floor and the extended attic are decorated on the west side with ornamental bands made of putti figures, tendrils and coats of arms. On the gable of the south side there is a sundial structured in the plaster.
The building is surrounded by an extensive park that was designed by the Royal Saxon horticultural director and horticultural teacher Max Bertram . In the paved courtyard there is an octagonal sandstone fountain with a central pillar depicting St. George . The figure disappeared in the post-war years and was only replaced in 2010 by a modern metal sculpture Wassermusik by the Dresden sculptor and metal designer Hans-Volker Mixsa .
Inside
Basement
The basement or basement with its utility rooms and staff basement apartments is functionally subdivided and kept simple. It is only halfway below the surface of the earth and has windows. During the extensive renovation work, barrier-free access was set up on the north side.
In the rectangular tower that towers over the building there is a staircase that can be used to reach all floors.
ground floor
The ground floor as a raised ground floor can be reached via a decoratively decorated main entrance with an outside staircase. The hall is kept open over two floors and creates a spacious and pleasant atmosphere. In the lower part of the hall there are half-height oak wall coverings with carved ornaments. The upper part of the hall is reached via a grand staircase and is also the access to the upper floor. Arcades with ornaments and coats of arms form a splendid architectural finish on short pillars. The ceiling with the visible oak beams and plastered intermediate fields give the hall a successful overall picture.
The spaciously arranged rooms can be reached via the hallway and connected to one another inside. All rooms are magnificent and richly decorated with ornaments and plastic reliefs. The door frames were lavishly veneered with carved oak wood . The figurative models come from the Dresden sculptor Ernst Eduard Jungbluth . The Dresden interior design company Udluft und Hartmann took over the execution of the wall cladding and all wooden fixtures. Each doorway was designed and decorated differently, the door frames are decorated with tendrils and decorative ribbons and close in the upper part with figures and fantasy figures. The fittings of the doors and windows are made of brass . The lock shields and window olives are decorated with elaborate chasings . The baskets are already modernly incorporated into the frame.
All rooms on the ground floor are designed like the hallway. Smoothed plastered surfaces are provided over the oak wall coverings to provide an effective place for the representative paintings. The window sides are designed with wall cladding up to the ceiling. The intermediate fields and parapets are richly decorated with tendrils and ribbons in relief. All the ceilings on the ground floor have a wooden coffered beam ceiling with decorative decorations and decorative intermediate fields.
First floor
On the upper floor, the rooms are arranged around the hall as on the ground floor. Their design shows a somewhat more closed grandeur than on the ground floor. Wall paneling and magnificent door panels can also be found here. Starting from the grand staircase, you reach an open hallway and you can look down into the hall. On the other hand, there are exhibition rooms as on the ground floor with smooth interior plaster and half-height oak wall paneling. Here, too, the rooms are connected to each other and to the hallway. All rooms have stucco and beamed ceilings with carved intermediate fields and are decorated with decorative decorations. The summer veranda and winter garden end above the ground floor.
Attic
The top floor can be reached via the staircase in the tower. This was where the family's less decorated rooms were. The dining room on the south side was again decorated with ornaments, reliefs and decorative ribbons and half-height wall paneling. As in the rooms below the dining room, there were open fireplaces. The rooms closed off with coffered and stucco ceilings. Above the attic there is a further developed attic with dormers and attics. These rooms were also used by the family.
The rectangular tower overhanging the building has a tower floor at ridge height. Two two-part and three-part ribbon windows with arched windows are formed over a splendid ledge. A high gable roof on an ornate all-round ledge forms the top of the tower.
gallery
Panorama view with the park
North side
Street side
South side
East Side
literature
- Barbara Bechter et al. (Edit.): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Dresden. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2005, ISBN 3-422-03110-3 , p. 149.
- Heike Biedermann: Departure to modernity. The Oscar Schmitz, Adolf Rothermundt and Ida Biernert collections. In: Collectors and patrons in Dresden. (= Dresdner Hefte , Volume 49.) Dresden 1997, pp. 30-38. Digitized
- Annette Dubbers: Blasewitz. From the history of a Dresden district. Sandstein, Dresden 1996, ISBN 3-930382-14-8 .
- Volker Helas : Architecture in Dresden 1800–1900. 3rd edition, Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1991, ISBN 3-364-00261-4 , p. 198.
- Andrea Pophanken, Felix Billeter (ed.): Modernism and its collectors. French art in German private ownership. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 978-3-05-003546-8 , p. 233.
Web links
- Gudrun Buhrig: Blasewitzer villa tour (PDF; 0.4 MB)
- Villa Rothermund reopened , Dresden Fernsehen, September 16, 2008
- Saxon State High School for Music
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Fechter: The Rothermundt Collection. In: Kunst und Künstler: illustrated monthly for fine arts and applied arts , issue 7, 1910, pp. 346–355 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Andrea Pophanken, Felix Billeter (ed.): Modernism and its collectors: French art in German private ownership. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 978-3-05-003546-8 , p. 233.
- ^ Streets and squares in Blasewitz: Villa Rothermundt. In: dresdner-stadtteile.de. Retrieved July 26, 2016 .
- ↑ 2010 Saxon State High School for Music, Villa Rothermundt, Dresden, renovation. Baarß + Löschner, independent architects, accessed on July 26, 2016 .
- ^ Photo of the skylight , in: Villa Rothermund in Dresden. Schmiede Neuhammer, accessed July 26, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Georg Dehio , arr. by Barbara Bechter ...: Handbook of German Art Monuments - Dresden , Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin Munich 2005, ISBN 3-422-03110-3 , p. 149.
Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 7.3 " N , 13 ° 47 ′ 45.3" E